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Reading Bertrand Russell’s Principles of Social Reconstruction, Liang Shuming began a process of interpreting Russell’s philosophy in a Confucian way. The first stage in this process was seeing Rus...

This study addressed the effects of climate drivers on the tree-ring width (TRW) parameters (total ring width (TR), earlywood width (EW) and latewood width (LW)) and the total ring δ13C series of different wood components (whole wood, α-cellulose and holocelluose) from Masson pine in subtropical China. Pairwise correlation coefficients between three ring width parameters were statistically significant. EW and LW did not reveal much stronger climate sensitivity rather than TR. This indicated that the use of intra-annual ring width has little benefit in extracting more climate information. The mean δ13C series of the three components of the total ring had the strongest climate response to the July–September relative humidity (r = −0.792 (whole wood), −0.758 (holocellulose) and −0.769 (α-cellulose)). There are no significant differences in the dendroclimatic relationships of the δ13C series of different wood components. Through both stationary temporal and spatial-statistical perspectives, the moisture drivers (summer/autumn) had a significant impact on three ring width parameters and three components of Masson pine. Overall, the radial growth and the δ13C series showed different responses to the same climate drivers during the same period. Moreover, the R-squared values of the strongest climate-proxy correlation coefficients were smaller than 50% for TRW. Consequently, the δ13C series of Masson pine may be a more representative climate proxy than TRW parameters for dendroclimatology in subtropical China.

Aiming at the problems of common milling machine consuming a lot of consumables and causing injury to human body in the process of practical teaching in Colleges and universities, this paper develops a virtual milling machine training simulation system based on Visual Studio 2010, Unity3D, Zspace, UG and other software platforms, which has complete functions, convenient use, good interaction and strong immersion. The general process of virtual milling machine development is put forward, the three-dimensional virtual model is created, and the general steps of obtaining high quality virtual reality model are put forward. The system uses model preview, collision detection and augmented reality to develop the key technology of virtual reality scene. It can preview the structure of milling machine and simulate the process of milling. It not only has high authenticity, but also does not need consumables, and can avoid the risk of cutting process to operators.

Holocene palaeo-flood slackwater deposits(SWD) were found in Yijun reaches of the Beiluohe River in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.They were identified by sedimentary criteria during fieldwork initially.A set of three beds of palaeo-flood SWD was interbedded in the Holocene loess-soil sequence within the cliff riverbanks.Each of the SWD represents one individual palaeo-flood event.The analytical results of grain-size distribution and magnetic susceptibility indicate that these SWD beds were deposited from the suspended sediment load in the floodwater.According to climatic and stratigraphic correlation with the OSL dated Holocene profiles in the region,these palaeo-flood events occurred during 8000-7800 aBP(SWD1),6000-5000 aBP(SWD2) and 4200-4000 aBP(SWD3),respectively.The palaeo-flood peak discharges were calculated by hydrological models and estimated to between 13600 and 14100 m3/s.The archives of flood data were therefore extended to a time-scale of over 10000 years.A more reliable flood peak discharge and frequency relationship was established accurately.These results are very important in hydraulic engineering and mitigating flood hazard in Beiluohe River basin.These palaeo-floods are well correlated to the abrupt climatic events occurred during the mid-Holocene Climatic Optimum.They provide solid evidence for investigating the social impacts of per-historical floods on the decline of the Neolithic civilizations in China's monsoon regions.

Since the 1960s, most inland lakes distributed in western China are getting shrinking, salty and even drying due to enhanced human activities. Deterioration of inland lake environment seriously influenced the sustainable development of local society and regional economy. In this article, we studied the dynamic evolution pattern of a representative inland lake in china, i.e., Ulungur Lake, based on water and salt balance of Ulungur Lake. With this model, the research recovered the natural water level, and simulated the evolution of water salinity during 1960–2005. The experimental results indicated that, the changing amplitude of lake-level response to human activities accounted for more than 70%, and the aggravated water salinization was tightly related to increasing irrigation water consumption and shortage of fresh water supply.