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Objective To evaluate the clinical and paraclinical features of Chinese patients with anti- LGI1 encephalitis. Methods Patients with memory deficits, psychiatric symptoms, seizures or altered level of consciousness, suspicious of encephalitis, at presentation to Peking Union Medical College Hospital were recruited between July 2013 and January 2018, and tested for anti-LGI1 antibodies in their serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) samples. Patients with anti-LGI1 antibodies were enrolled. The demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory examination results, neuroimaging features, immunotherapy, follow-up practices and outcomes for included patients were registered and analyzed. Results The study enrolled 120 patients, of whom 66.7% were male. The median age was 61 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 49-66 years). Seizures(65.0%) were the most common initial symptoms. Most patients developed seizures (95.0%), including faciobrachial dystonic seizures (54.2%), memory deficits (92.5%), and psychiatric symptoms (69.1%). Brain MRI and 18F-FDG PET / CT showed that the lesions were mainly located in unilateral or bilateral medial temporal lobes, and (or) basal ganglia. Of the patients, 95.0% received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or corticosteroids, 47.5% received mycophenolate mofetil as long-term immunotherapy, and no one received second-line immunotherapy. The median follow-up was 34.2 months(IQR: 22.0-45.6 months). 91.2% had a good outcome (modified Rankin Scale score≤2 points). Residual mild memory deficits were present in 47.8% of the patients. Nine deaths were documented. Relapses occurred in 24.8% of the patients in the first year. In total, 24 (20%)cases were young patients(onset age ≤45 years).There were fewer males among the younger patients(37.5% vs. 74.0%, P < 0.01). Besides, there were fewer younger patients with psychiatric symptoms(50.0% vs. 74.0%, P=0.02), hyponatremia(33.3% vs. 68.8%, P < 0.01), and abnormalities on brain 18F-FDG PET/CT(20.8% vs. 47.9%, P=0.02). The relapse-free survival rate was significantly higher in the young patients. Conclusions Elderly males were predominant in patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis. Most patients developed symptoms of limbic encephalitis and/or FDBS during the disease course. Several patients were young adults and lacked typical symptoms. Neuroimaging features were consistent with the involvement of limbic system or basal ganglia. Patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis respond well to immunotherapy, irrespective of the age.

Several anti-neural antibodies are associated with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) including anti-neuronal antibodies and anti-glial cell antibodies. The anti-neuronal antibodies has two types: anti-neuronal surface protein antibodies represented by anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies, and anti-neuronal intracellular protein antibodies. In this paper, we review and classify the anti-neural antibodies related to NPSLE.

Demand responsive transit (DRT) is emerging as one of the most potential travel modes to satisfy flexible travel demands. Nevertheless, how to attract more passengers has become a critical problem in the success of DRT projects. It is necessary to take into account the psychological factors impacting passengers' choices. The study proposes a slack departure strategy considering boundedly rational passengers, which introduces passengers' decision-making psychology into the optimization process. The strategy can adjust the departure time of passengers to adjacent time windows. The discount-incentive mechanism is presented to attract passengers to accept the changes while maintaining the quality of service. On this basis, the theory of bounded rationality is applied to describe the decision-making process of passengers. We construct a multiobjective programming model to analyze the operator-passenger interactive effect. To address the multiobjective problem, a two-phase heuristic algorithm is established to get the Pareto solution for the model. A numerical experiment is carried out on the Sioux Falls network. The case study of Beijing is discussed to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy. The results indicate that the slack departure strategy can significantly benefit both the operators and passengers. The operating profit substantially increases by up to 63%. Meanwhile, the passenger's general travel cost declines by 12%. The optimal discount rate of the incentive mechanism is 20%. Therefore, the study contributes to comprehending the passenger's decision-making psychology and providing a new optimization strategy for the operator of DRT., Author(s): Hongfei Wang [1,2]; Hongzhi Guan [1,2]; Huanmei Qin (corresponding author) [1,2]; Wanying Li [1,2]; Junze Zhu [1,2] 1. Introduction Urban sprawl and the explosion of private car ownership have [...]

Aims: Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (CJD) is a lethal neurodegenerative disorder, which leads to a rapidly progressive dementia. This study aimed to examine the cortical alterations in CJD, changes in these brain characteristics over time, and the differences between CJD and Alzheimer's disease (AD) that show similar clinical manifestations. Methods: To obtain reliable, subject‐specific functional measures, we acquired 24 min of resting‐state fMRI data from each subject. We applied an individual‐based approach to characterize the functional brain organization of 10 patients with CJD, 8 matched patients with AD, and 8 normal controls. We measured cortical atrophy as well as disruption in resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) and then investigated longitudinal brain changes in a subset of CJD patients. Results: CJD was associated with widespread cortical thinning and weakened rsFC. Compared with AD, CJD showed distinct atrophy patterns and greater disruptions in rsFC. Moreover, the longitudinal data demonstrated that the progressive cortical thinning and disruption in rsFC mainly affected the association rather than the primary cortex in CJD. Conclusions: CJD shows unique anatomical and functional disruptions in the cerebral cortex, distinct from AD. Rapid progression of CJD affects both the cortical thickness and rsFC in the association cortex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the latent classes of parking preference for drivers and the economic effects after implementing Parking Space Comprehensive Utilization (PSC) in traditional business districts (TBD), with a particular focus on the parking preferences of electric vehicle users (EVU). Firstly, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) is used to reduce dimensionality and determine the latent structure. Then, based on the Latent Class Model (LCM), the customers are classified, and the proportion of each class under various latent variables is analyzed. Finally, the paper conducts a quantitative analysis of economic effects by considering different psychological factors across different customer classes. With the data obtained from revealed preference (RP) and stated preference (SP) surveys, this paper identifies the customers' preferences for the three scenarios presented. The results show that (1) customers can be classified into four classes: core customers (CCS, 34%), potential customers (PCS, 29%), regular customers (RCS, 22%), and marginal customers (MCS, 15%), among which EVU do not show a significant preference for parking charging facilities in TBD; (2) the potential economic improvements for these four classes are: 9%, 12%, 8%, and 10%; (3) CCS has the greatest potential to increase store revenue by ¥7041, while PCS has the greatest potential to increase store customer flow by 31%. These findings provide a valuable reference for decision-making by TBD store managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]