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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nurse-physician collaboration on the incidence of complications, anxiety and depression, quality of life, and satisfaction with nursing care among cervical cancer patients undergoing three-dimensional intracavitary brachytherapy. In this randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, 92 eligible cervical cancer patients were equally divided into two groups upon admission. The control group was given routine nursing, and the intervention group received a nurse-physician collaboration in addition to routine care. Anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life in both groups were assessed and compared at baseline and discharge. The intervention group had significantly fewer complications and showed marked improvements in mental health and quality of life compared to the control group. Satisfaction with nursing care was substantially greater in the intervention group. These results support the clinical adoption of a nurse-physician collaborative care model in the management of cervical cancer with three-dimensional intracavitary brachytherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nb-Si based ultrahigh-temperature alloys with the composition of Nb-22Ti-15Si-5Cr-3Al (atomic percentage, at. %) were prepared by hot press sintering (HPS) at 1250, 1350, 1400, 1450 and 1500 °C. The effects of HPS temperatures on the microstructure, room temperature fracture toughness, hardness and isothermal oxidation behavior of the alloys were investigated. The results showed that the microstructures of the alloys prepared by HPS at different temperatures were composed of Nbss, βTiss and γ(Nb,X)5Si3 phases. When the HPS temperature was 1450 °C, the microstructure was fine and nearly equiaxed. When the HPS temperature was lower than 1450 °C, the supersaturated Nbss with insufficient diffusion reaction still existed. When the HPS temperature exceeded 1450 °C, the microstructure coarsened obviously. Both the room temperature fracture toughness and Vickers hardness of the alloys prepared by HPS at 1450 °C were the highest. The alloy prepared by HPS at 1450 °C exhibited the lowest mass gain upon oxidation at 1250 °C for 20 h. The oxide film was mainly composed of Nb2O5, TiNb2O7, TiO2 and a small amount of amorphous silicate. The formation mechanism of oxide film is concluded as follows: TiO2 forms by the preferential reaction of βTiss and O in the alloy; after that, a stable oxide film composed of TiO2 and Nb2O5 forms; then, TiNb2O7 is formed by the reaction of TiO2 and Nb2O5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars have used the method of splicing various experimental data to evaluate the full-range pore structure of tight reservoirs, but its applicability has not been discussed. When the fractal theory is used to characterize the heterogeneity of tight reservoirs, there is a lack of research on the controlling factors of segmented fractal pore size (the inflection points in the fractal curve) and the relationship between the fractal dimensions of different dimensions. In this paper, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), N2 adsorption (N2-GA), and large-field splicing scanning electron microscopy (MAPs) were conducted to study the pore structure and full-range pore size distribution (PSD) of tight sandstone, and fractal theory was used to evaluate the heterogeneity of the reservoir. Combining the PSD of MIP and N2-GA, two parameters "cosine similarity" and "data similarity" were introduced to characterize the overlapping pore size range of the two experimental methods; then, the PSD of MAPs was used to verify the rationality of the data splicing. The results show that the characterization of the full-range pore structure should not only be based on simple data splicing but should focus on the data similarity of the overlapping pore size range. The study on the segmented fractal pore size of MIP shows that the segmented fractal pore size increases gradually with an increase in the main skeleton mineral content, the decrease in the clay mineral content, and the increase in the pore radius and porosity. For the same sample, the segmented fractal pore size is fixed and does not change with the calculation model of fractal dimension. Comparing the two-dimensional (2D) fractal dimension with the three-dimensional (3D) fractal dimension, calculating the 3D fractal dimension by +1 directly with the 2D fractal dimension is more applicable for the large pores, but it is not applicable for the small pores due to the influence of the extensive development of linear pores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atherosclerosis in diabetes is a leading cause of cardiovascular complications. Intermedin (IMD) is a calcitonin peptide that is known to inhibit macrophage phagocytosis in atherosclerosis, but the exact mechanism is unclear. We investigate genes that are differentially expressed in response to IMD in hyperglycemic conditions and determine whether they delay the progression of atherosclerosis. An atherosclerotic and diabetic-murine model was generated in 8-week-old male ApoE−/− mice receiving streptozotocin and a high-fat diet. The mouse model was treated with IMD and the expression levels of NF-κB, Dnm3os, miR-27b-3p, and SLAMF7 were detected in plaque tissue and macrophages cultured with high glucose concentrations. Phagocytosis was determined by oxidized-low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) uptake and the interactions among Dnm3os, SLAMF7 and miR-27b-3p were assessed by dual-luciferase reporter assays. The expression of NF-κB, Dnm3os, and SLAMF7 was enhanced in atherosclerotic plaques but decreased by IMD. The suppression of Dnm3os reduced plaque formation in IMD-treated mice even further whereas increased by miR-27b-3p. Dnm3os and SLAMF7 were competitively bind to miR-27b-3p in vivo. In vitro , ox-LDL uptake is elevated in macrophages cultured in hyperglycemic conditions but reduced by IMD. Dual-luciferase assays indicate that Dnm3os positively regulates SLAMF7 through miR-27b-3p expression. In conclusion, Dnm3os is involved in macrophage phagocytosis through the competitive binding of SLAMF7 with miR-27b-3p. IMD induces the suppression of Dnm3os to inhibit macrophage phagocytosis and alleviate atherosclerosis in diabetes. • Atherosclerosis in diabetes is a leading cause of cardiovascular complications. • Intermedin inhibit macrophage phagocytosis in atherosclerosis. • Dnm3os/miR-27b-3p/SLAMF7 involved in macrophage phagocytosis. • IMD induces the suppression of Dnm3os to inhibit macrophage phagocytosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing number of detrital zircon U–Pb geochronological data have been reported to trace sediment provenance for the Cenozoic Qaidam basin, which is crucial to understanding crustal deformation, paleoclimate change and basin development in northern Tibetan Plateau and to assessing geodynamic models of plateau growth. However, the existing provenance interpretations are highly diverse and how the northern Tibet has evolved remains controversial. This contribution presents new detrital zircon dating results from Cenozoic outcrop and borehole samples and compiles published data from the whole Qaidam basin, adjacent small Cenozoic basins and the surrounding mountains. Our new synthesis indicates that, Paleoproterozoic signals (1800–2000 Ma and 2350–2500 Ma), rather than the Permian–Triassic ages, can be applied effectively to distinguish the Qilian, Altun and Eastern Kunlun-sourced detrital zircons. The Cenozoic Qaidam basin exhibits spatiotemporally variable detrital zircon age populations. Most sandstones from the western and southern basin are characterized by Phanerozoic bimodal age spectra (i.e., 400–480 Ma and 220–280 Ma) with minor Precambrian signals, indicating major contributions from the neighboring Altun and Eastern Kunlun ranges. By contrast, almost all the northern and eastern basin sandstones display prominent early Paleozoic detrital zircon ages; but Paleoproterozoic, Neoproterozoic (750–950 Ma) and Permian–Triassic signals only appear as dominant age clusters in some samples. Different temporal variation trends are observed from the investigated sections in this region, revealing variable zircon supply from different micro-terranes in the Qilian Mountains. This implies that using detrital zircon provenance data from a single section or from a local area of the Qaidam basin to address regional tectonic and climatic issues of the northern Tibetan Plateau unlikely provide useful results. We propose that the Cenozoic Qaidam basin deposits were derived from localized, adjacent source regions, rather than cross-basinal, distant mountains. Our conclusions support models with synchronous deformation throughout most of northern Tibet in the Cenozoic. The observed spatiotemporal variations in detrital zircon populations are not only attributed to tectonic deformation-induced source changes, but can also be due to heterogeneity of the source terranes (e.g., durability and zircon fertility) and variable factors (e.g., hydrodynamic sorting, recycling and sedimentary microenvironment) in transport-deposition processes. This study also highlights the importance of involving detrital zircon textural and sedimentological parameters to zircon provenance interpretations. An integrated provenance analysis combining other detritus components is helpful to comprehensively characterize source-to-sink systems for sedimentary basins. • Spatiotemporal variations in Qaidam basin detrital zircon ages are evident. • Paleoproterozoic zircon ages are unique signatures for the Qilian Mountains. • Cenozoic deposits were from nearby sources, rather than cross-basinal mountains. • Varied source-to-sink systems contribute to detrital zircon provenance variations. • Detrital zircon analysis on a local area cannot address regional tectonic issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A multi-effect synergistic nanosystem was prepared upon biomimetic mineralization. • The nanosystem realized synergistic glycolysis-oxidative stress-autophagy regulation. • The nanosystem showed remarkable inhibitory effect on melanoma and lung metastasis. The complex, invasive, and metastatic nature of malignant tumors make the current treatment of patients challenging in advanced stages. The present study proposes a multi-effect synergistic biomimetic mineralization nanosystem (LND-BSA@FePO 4) to regulate tumor cell metabolism and relevant biological behaviors through glycolysis-oxidative stress-autophagy process. Bovine serum albumin complexed with lonidamine served as a template to induce the formation of iron phosphate mineralization in situ. After intratumoral administration, the released lonidamine inhibited hexokinase II and down-regulated the level of glycolysis, cutting off the energy and biosynthesis supply source for tumor growth. Ferric ions dissociated from biomineralization in acidic microenvironment converted reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione, elevated oxidative stress and induced ferroptosis through chemokinetic reactions. The dissociated phosphate ions function as an autophagy inhibitor to block the protective autophagy cased by energy deprivation for efficacy enhancement. The up-regulation of Nrf2 and LC3 proteins, the down-regulation of HK2 and GPX4 proteins, and the increase of ROS level in tumors all confirmed this conclusion. Notably, the nanosystem also down-regulated the release of inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-8) and metastasis-related proteins (N-Cadherine, Vimentin) simultaneously, effectively preventing distant lung metastasis of tumor. In summary, this biomineralization-based nanosystem exhibited powerful antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo and provides a new perspective for addressing the dilemma of malignant tumor treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecularly imprinted mesoporous materials (MIMs) were synthesized to improve the adsorption performance of Cytochrome c (Cyt c) by using an imidazolium-based amphiphilic ionic liquid 1-octadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C18MIMCl) as surfactant in aqueous solution via the epitope imprinting approach. The surface-exposed C-terminus nonapeptide of Cyt c (residues 96-104, AYLKKATNE) was utilized as the imprinted template. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption, thermo-gravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy verified the successful preparation of MIMs with ordered mesoporous structure. The adsorption isotherm studies showed that the obtained MIMs exhibited superior adsorption capacity toward Cyt c of 86.47 mg.g-1 because of the high specific surface areas of 824 m².g-1, and the appropriate pore size promoted the mass transfer of Cyt c, causing a rapid adsorption equilibrium within 20 min. Furthermore, these MIMs still remained excellent selectivity and recognition ability according to the selective as well as the competitive adsorption studies, suggesting that the molecularly imprinted mesoporous materials is expected to be used in the field of highly efficient separation and enrichment of proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complexes of amylose (Am) with garlic bioactive components (GBCs) were prepared by milling activating treatment of Am and garlic paste (GP) together. The complex, produced by milling for 2.5 h with the garlic (dry basis)/Am ratio of 1:5 (w/w) and water content of 25% (w/w) exhibited significantly higher allicin content (0.49 mg/g of complex) than others. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) techniques were used complex characterization. XRD results indicated that the Am and garlic bioactive components formed the V-type structure. FT-IR and DSC analysis further confirmed the formation of the Am-GBCs complex, and its thermal stability was improved in comparison with garlic powder. According to GC–MS results, all organosulfur compounds (OSCs) in fresh garlic were better retained to Am-GBCs complex. Therefore, the Am-GBCs complexes can have important applications as stable natural flavor compound systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tectonic evolution of the Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) remains controversial during the Tertiary. Qaidam Basin is the largest and highest plateau inland basin inside the Tibet Plateau. Sediments in the basin provide sedimentary records of the evolution history of its surrounding orogens, such as the ATF, located on the northwest margin of the Qaidam Basin. Comprehensive analyses of sandstone petrography, heavy mineral assemblages, and mineral geochemistry were adopted to effectively indicate the tectonic evolution history of ATF. The result indicates that the sediments in a wide range of the northwestern Qaidam Basin (e.g., the Xichagou section, the Yueyashan section) were derived from the Altyn Mountains. The increasing immaturity of sediments, increased denudation, and sedimentation processes from the early-middle Miocene to the Pliocene can be explained by the active tectonic setting of the ATF. During the early Miocene (ca. 22 Ma), there was an abrupt change in the heavy mineral composition of sediments in the northwestern Qaidam Basin. This change may be attributed to the large-scale slip motion along the ATF. Therefore, ~22 Ma is the key transforming period of the ATF system. On the foundation of the above, we suggest a two-stage evolution model of the ATF during the Tertiary: (1) From the late Eocene to the Oligocene, the tectonic setting of the ATF was relatively calm; (2) During the early Miocene period, the ATF underwent large-scale tectonic activation. It is likely to be a strike-slip tectonic activity, accompanied by an uplift of the Altyn Mountains. The active tectonic setting of the ATF was sustained after the Miocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron hexacyanoferrate/graphene/carbon fibers composite (PB/GN/CFs) was prepared by electrochemical method. Characterization of PB/GN/CFs in a separated adsorption and electrically switched ion exchange desorption processes (Ads-ESIX) of cesium ions (Cs + ) was confirmed by FE-SEM, XRD, IR, XPS and electrochemistry techniques. PB/GN/CFs displayed two quasi reversible transformations from Fe III 4 (Fe II (CN) 6 ) 3 to Fe III 4 (Fe III (CN) 6 Cl) 3 , or to (NH 4 ) 4 Fe II 4 [Fe II (CN) 6 ] 3 at a potential range of −0.1–1.2 V in pH 2, 0.1 M NH 4 Cl. The recovery of Cs + was investigated by PB/GN/CFs using Ads-ESIX method. Cs + could be selectively adsorbed by PB/GN/CFs from aqueous solution in pH 7.0, and desorbed in pH 2, 0.1 M NH 4 Cl. The desorption rate of Cs + depended on the introduction of potential at PB/GN/CFs in pH 2, 0.1 M NH 4 Cl. Both H 3 O + and NH 4 + could play dual role of electrolyte and competitor for the desorption of Cs + . PB/GN/CFs could be used to the recovery of Cs + from the residual salt lake brine in which potasium had been removed from Qarham playa of Qaidam Basin in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both amination graphene and carbon fibers were cross-linked together using glutaraldehyde as composite support, then, prussian blue was electrodeposited at the surface (PB/GNs/CFs). The characterization of PB/GNs/CFs by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques confirmed the correct modification. Number of cubic prussian blue particles were uniformly coated at the surface with an average size of 19.32 nm. Selective adsorption and desorption of cesium (Cs + ) were investigated at PB/GNs/CFs in aqueous solution, respectively. At the optimum conditions, PB/GNs/CFs could be used to the recovery of Cs + from the residual of salt lake brine which potassium was removed in Qarham playa of Qaidam Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A hydrogel developed with fusiform-like ZnO(brZnO) and carboxymethyl chitosan. • The brZnO works both as crosslinker and nano-filler in the construction of hydrogel. • The hydrogel displays bidirectional sol–gel conversions at 42 °C and 26 °C. • The hydrogel possesses excellent injectability, self-healing, antibacterial activity. • The hydrogel creates a sterilized micro-environment that promotes wound tissue repair. Hydrogels have attracted extensive attention as wound dressing because they can provide a moist microenvironment to accelerate wound healing. However, simple physical coverage of wound cannot satisfy the complicated process of wound repair. Here, we report an injectable multifunctional hydrogel (CMCS-brZnO) synthesized by incorporating fusiform-like zinc oxide nanorods (brZnO) into carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), in which the brZnO works dually as crosslinker and nano-filler. The hydrogel possesses controllable gelation time, quick self-healing, good tissue adhesion and fast hemostasis capability. Further, the CMCS-brZnO hydrogel presents excellent antibacterial properties with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for E.coli and S.aureus of 0.0125 and 0.025 mg mL-1, respectively. The hydrogel could be injected directly into the irregular-shaped wounds in a full-thickness skin defect experiment, and the good fitting of the gel to the wound geometries together with the slow and sustainable release of antibacterial Zn2+ significantly promoted wound healing and reduced the inflammatory response. This study illustrates that the CMCS-brZnO hydrogels with an organic–inorganic micro-structure have great potential in accelerating wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a uniform heterojunction of cupric oxide/cuprous oxide was decorated on the surface of carbon fibers by electrochemical method (CuO/CuO/CDs/CFs). Methyl-β-cyclodextrin was first grafted on the surface of carbon fibers (CDs/CFs). Cubic cuprous oxide was electrodeposited on the surface of (CuO/CDs/CFs) in 0.1 M KNO, the cuprous oxide was then partly anodized to cupric oxide to form a heterojunction of cupric oxide/cuprous oxide with a burr shape (CuO/CuO/CDs/CFs). The obtained materials were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical techniques. The potential application in pollution treatment was further investigated, and the prepared CuO/CuO/CDs/CFs could be a promising adsorbent/photocatalyst toward the uptake and degradation of 2, 6-dichlorophenol (2, 6-DCP). Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A facile and eco-friendly synthesis of MoS 2 nanoribbons by a single-source precursor based solution route. • The successful synthesis of MoS 2 nanoribbons with a length-diameter ratio more than 100. • The MoS 2 nanoribbons possess high photocatalytic degradation activity. Ultra-thin MoS 2 nanoribbons are becoming a promising candidate for photocatalysis due to their unique properties, such as nanoribbons-width-dependent bandgaps, high electronic density of states, and carrier transport in a certain direction. It is still a challenge to synthesize MoS 2 nanoribbons in a facile, energy-saving and controllable way. Herein, MoS 2 nanoribbons with an aspect ratio over 100 were synthesized by a single-source precursor solution route. Selective adsorption of 1-dodecanethiol on the 1 0 1 ¯ 0 of MoS 2 causes the preferentially growth along the [0 0 0 1] direction, resulting in the formation of MoS 2 nanoribbons. The MoS 2 nanoribbons exhibit a high photocatalytic degradation activity and more than 92.0 % methyl orange can be degraded within 50 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L-Phenylalanine (L-Phe) imprinted polymers (L-MIPs) were prepared via precipitation polymerization using 1-vinyl-3-carboxymethylimidazolium chloride ([VCIM]Cl) as functional monomer, which could interact with L-Phe through electrostatic interactions, hydrogen-bonding, andπ–πinteractions. The morphologies of obtained polymers were observed by a scanning electron microscope, and their structures were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of monomer species and molar ratio of template to functional monomer or crosslinker on adsorption capacity and imprinting factors (IFs) of polymers were investigated. The result indicated that [VCIM]Cl was preferable monomer and the optimum molar ratio of template to functional monomer and crosslinker was 1:4:16. The maximum IF of the obtained L-MIPs could reach 3.86 in 0.4 mg mL−1L-Phe solution at 25 °C, after 8 h of adsorption and the maximum adsorption capacity of L-MIPs for L-Phe was 33.08 mg g−1. The adsorption behavior of L-Phe on the L-MIPs was construed seriously within the experimental concentration by Freundlich model and Langmuir model. In terms of the higher correlation coefficient, it was considered that the adsorption behavior of L-Phe fit Freundlich model better than Langmuir model, which means that the distribution of active sites was heterogeneous in L-MIPs. The selectivity adsorption showed L-MIPs have better specificity and selectivity for L-Phe than that of L-His and L-Trp. Finally, L-MIPs were applied to the CD and Automatic Polarimeter experiments, showing that L-MIPs had the capability of specific chiral recognition for L-Phe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facies, biomarker and stable isotopic records from the Miocene lacustrine sediments in the northwestern Qaidam basin were investigated to reconstruct the Miocene sedimentary environment and climatic history. Three distinct facies can be recognized. These include the following: (1) gray–black laminated mudstone and marlstone, which represent a semi-deep fresh to semi-brackish lake environment; (2) gray, yellowish massive mudstone, marlstone and siltstone; and (3) yellowish massive sandstone, which imply a shallow brackish lake environment. The decreasing C 27 /C 31 and (C 27 + C 29 )/(C 31 + C 33 ) values, the increasing ACL (mean chain length) values of n-alkanes and the vertical evolution of sedimentary environments indicate the overall intensified aridity, which is considered to be an integrated result of high elevation of the Himalaya–Tibetan system, retreat of the Paratethys and global cooling. High fluctuations of the δ 18 O values and primary dolomite contents reveal the hydrologically closed paleolake with intermittently open conditions in the study area during middle–late Miocene. The Qaidam basin is suggested to be hydrologically segmented, based on the stable isotopic data comparison between the study area and the northeastern area. The most negative end of the oscillations of the δ 18 O values (indicating the minimal evaporation), which likely represents the isotopic ratio of the meteoric water, surprisingly conveys stability in the Shang Youshashan and Shizigou Formations and displays a positive ~ 2.5‰ shift. This significant shift was probably due to the climatic aridification and air mass changes around 10–8 Ma rather than the global cooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SBA-15 mesoporous silica materials with short mesochannels functionalized with various amino-groups, including NH 2 -, MeNH-, diamine-, triamine- and guanidine-groups were prepared through one-pot co-condensation of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and amino-containing trimethoxysilanes in the presence of P123 as pore-directing agent and an appropriate amount of Zr(IV) ions. The resultant materials immobilized with CuCl were examined as reusable catalysts in the oxidative homocoupling of phenylacetylene at room temperature with air as the oxidant. Efforts were made to avoid the liquid base additives. The Cu-guanidine-SBA-15 catalyst with Cu/guanidine molar ratio of 0.6 was found to satisfy this objective and gave the highest yield (up to ca. 97%) and nearly 100% selectivity of 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiyne in 24 h. Moreover, the catalyst could retain around 90% yield after reuses for three times. Cu-incorporated guanidine-SBA-15 catalyst with Cu/guanidine~ 0.6 showed optimal catalytic activity without extra-base additives, where guanidine groups acted synergistically as a ligand to coordinate Cu and also a strong base to accelerate phenylacetylene deprotonation. [Display omitted] • Amino-SBA-15 mesoporous silica with short mesochannels was prepared through one-pot co-condensation. • Cu-coordinated amino-SBA-15 was effective catalysts in oxidative homocoupling of phenylacetylene at RT using air as the oxidant. • Guanidine groups acted synergistically as a ligand and also a strong base. • Cu-guanidine-SBA-15 catalyst with Cu/guanidine~ 0.6 showed optimal catalytic activity without extra-base additives. • A favorable green process was developed for oxidative homocoupling of alkynes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sensitive and selective molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensor was developed for the determination of amyloid-β (1–42) (Aβ42). The glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was successively modified with electrochemical reduction graphene oxide (ERG) and poly(thionine-methylene blue) (PTH-MB). The MIPs were synthesized by electropolymerization with Aβ42 as a template and o-phenylenediamine (o–PD) and hydroquinone (HQ) as functional monomers. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), chronoamperometry (CC), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to study the preparation process of the MIP sensor. The preparation conditions of the sensor were investigated in detail. In optimal experimental conditions, the response current of the sensor was linear in the range of 0.12–10 μg mL−1 with a detection limit of 0.018 ng mL−1. The MIP-based sensor successfully detected Aβ42 in commercial fetal bovine serum (cFBS) and artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Chelating polymer could be used to heavy metal sensing. [•] Formation of chelating polymer in situ is convenient by electrochemical method for heavy metal sensing. [•] Two-dimension chelating polymer with more functional groups and space, which probably are beneficial to mass transfer. [•] Iminodiacetic acid functional glycidyl methacrylate polymer brushes was prepared by electrochemical mediated atom transfer radical polymerization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, iminodiacetic acid-functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate)grafted carbon fibers (CCFs) were prepared by electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (eATRP) for nano-nickel recovery from spent electroless nickel (EN) plating baths. The adsorption behaviors of Ni were investigated at CCFs in the spent EN plating baths. The adsorption kinetics perfectly fitted pseudo-second order model with a chemisorption process. The thermodynamic parameters suggested that adsorption was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic. The adsorption maximum capacity was 0.908 mM g under optimum conditions (pH 5.2, 50 °C and 40 min). The present materials were carefully characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, and electrochemical techniques. Experimental results showed that CCFs were successfully prepared, which were efficient adsorbent and support for nano-nickel recovery from the spent EN plating baths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HERG K+ channel, the genetic counterpart of rapid delayed rectifier K+ current in cardiac cells, is responsible for many cases of inherited and drug-induced long QT syndromes. HERG has unusual biophysical properties distinct from those of other K+ channels. While the conventional pulse protocols in patch-clamp studies have helped us elucidate these properties, their limitations in assessing HERG function have also been progressively noticed. We employed AP-clamp techniques using physiological action potential waveforms recorded from various regions of canine heart to study HERG function in HEK293 cells and identified several novel aspects of HERG function. We showed that under AP-clamp IHERG increased gradually with membrane repolarization, peaked at potentials around 20–30 mV more negative than revealed by pulse protocols and at action potential duration (APD) to 60%-70% full repolarization, and fell rapidly at the terminal phase of repolarization. We found that the rising phase of IHERG was conferred by removal of inactivation and the decaying phase resulted from a fall in driving force, which were all determined by the rate of membrane repolarization. We identified regional heterogeneity and transmural gradient of IHERG when quantified with the area covered by IHERG trace. In addition, we observed regional and transmural differences of IHERG in response to dofetilide blockade. Finally, we characterized the influence of HERG function by selective inhibition of other ion currents. Based on our results, we conclude that the distinct biophysical properties of HERG reported by AP-clamp confer its unique function in cardiac repolarization thereby in antiarrhythmia and arrhythmogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whole-rock geochemical data of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments in the northern Qaidam basin were used to reconstruct the provenance and chemical weathering history. Based on the fairly uniform REE patterns and trace element ratios, both the Mesozoic (LaCN/YbCN =10.37±1.75; Eu/Eu*=0.68±0.07; Th/Sc=1.11±0.38) and Cenozoic (LaCN/YbCN =9.77±0.62; Eu/Eu*=0.69±0.03; Th/Sc=0.97±0.14) mudstones were derived from a similar source area with acidic-intermediate rocks as dominant contributors, and two modeled mixtures composed of 60% granite, 35% quartzdiorite and 5% mafic rocks, and 55% granite, 40% quartzdiorite and 5% mafic rocks can be deduced as the potential source compositions for the Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments, respectively. This conclusion is reinforced by the mudstone major element composition and sandstone petrography. The Early–Middle Jurassic mudstones have relatively high K-corrected CIA (84–93) and PIA (88–99) values, indicating intense chemical weathering conditions; while the Late Jurassic to Cenozoic sediments have variable corrected CIA (51–85) and PIA (50–92) values, implying predominantly mild to moderate weathering conditions. The chemical weathering history suggests that a warm and humid climate prevailed during the Early–Middle Jurassic, whereas a cool and semiarid to arid climate prevailed from the Late Jurassic up to now. This dramatic transition of climate may be attributed to multiple likely factors, including the restructuring of global atmospheric circulation patterns in response to the breakup of Pangea since Late Jurassic, and the orogenic rejuvenation and high elevation of the Qilian Mountains, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Furthermore, the decreasing chemical weathering intensity over time indicates the increase of aridification and cooling of the climate culminating in the Late Cenozoic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: An exceptionally thick Cenozoic sedimentary succession has developed in the Qaidam basin of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The provenance remains enigmatic; thus, more precise investigations are needed. An integrated study of sandstone framework petrography, heavy mineral analysis and mineral chemistry was adopted to perform provenance analysis of the Tertiary sandstones in the northern Qaidam basin. No individual method exists that can provide comprehensive provenance interpretations on spatial and temporal variations. Based on three types of data, three depositional areas can be distinguished. Sandstones of Area A exhibit relatively high abundances of quartz, garnet and zircon, as well as relatively high textural maturity, implying long-distance sources. Multi-composition garnets and tourmalines reveal derivations of metasedimentary rocks and intermediate-acidic igneous rocks. Sandstones of Area B are rich in metamorphic lithic fragments, epidote and garnet. A dominance of Fe-rich garnets with low Mg, low Mn and variable Ca contents and dravites demonstrates predominant derivation of metasedimentary rocks. Therefore, the North Qaidam and South Qilian terranes are potential source areas for these two depositional areas. Additionally, high metamorphic heavy mineral abundances in the upper formations imply increasing contributions of these two metamorphic belts during the Tertiary tectonic uplift. However, sandstones of Area C are characterized by relatively high abundances of feldspar, igneous heavy minerals and high-Fe+Mn garnet, which suggest a main source of igneous rocks. The Altun and Qilian Mountains are potential source regions. Furthermore, increasing amounts of feldspar and igneous heavy minerals in the upper formations indicate a significant presence of igneous parent rocks, which are most likely a response to the multi-stage uplift events in the Altun Mountains since the early Eocene. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A novel nickel recovery method was designed using tetraoxalyl ethylenediamine melamine chelate resin grafted-carbon fibers (MFT/CFs) from the spent electroless nickel plating baths. The process involved inoculation of tetraoxalyl ethylenediamine melamine chelate resin at CFs, the adsorption and eletrodeposition of Ni2+ at MFT/CFs. Ethylenediamine was covalently modified at CFs by constant potential, tetraoxalyl ethylenediamine was grafted at the CFs by amidation reaction, then melamine, formaldehyde and tetraoxalyl ethylenediamine could be polymerized at the CFs. The MFT/CFs showed an excellent uptake effect for Ni2+ with a pseudo-second order model. The interaction mechanism between Ni2+ and active sites has been interpreted as chelation. Nano-nickel coated-MFT/CFs materials could be obtained by electrodeposition (Ni/MFT/CFs). The present materials were carefully examined by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemistry techniques. The characterization results suggested the formation of Ni/MFT/CFs with a good electrocatalysis for ethanol oxidation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

CO sorption and diffusion in coal are closely related to the occurrence of coal and gas outburst, geological sequestration of CO in coalbeds, and enhancing coalbed methane recovery by injecting CO. Hence, it is significant to investigate the sorption properties and diffusion models of CO in coal. Here we used a newly designed experimental apparatus at Peking University to investigate the sorption and diffusion properties of CO in natural coal samples from Dashucun Mine and Wutongzhuang Mine in Handan city, Hebei province, and Jinhuagong Mine in Datong city, Shanxi province, and obtained CO sorption isotherms and diffusivity models. The results indicate that, in a certain pressure range, CO sorption isotherms for the coal samples are consistent with the Langmuir model, which assumes that monolayer sorption occurs at the interface between coal matrix and CO molecules, and the sorption isotherms feature nonstandard hyperbolas in mathematics. At the same pressure and temperature, as the vitrinite content increases, coal adsorbs more CO molecules. The relation between the sorption capacity and the coal rank may be described as a 'U-type' trend, and medium rank coal has the least sorption capacity. The bulk diffusivity of CO in coal is not constant; in the range of CO mass fraction greater than 1%, it increases roughly linearly with increasing mass fraction of CO adsorbed (or CO partial pressure) in coal. CO diffusivity in coal is approximately 10 to 10 mm/s in magnitudes, and the diffusivity ranges in coal samples are 3×10 to 8×10 mm/s from Dashucun Mine, 2×10 to 4×10 mm/s from Wutongzhuang Mine, and 2×10 to 4×10 mm/s from Jinhuagong Mine. The results of the CO sorption and diffusion study can be applied to help predict and prevent coal and gas outburst as well as to evaluate the feasibility in geological sequestration of CO and to enhance coalbed methane recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A useful molecular imprinted film (MIP-CNSQ/WGE) based on chitosan/nafion/nano-silver/poly quercetin compound was prepared by a compound electrochemical method at paraffin-impregnated graphite electrode for clenbuterol (CLB) sensing, which was characterised by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra (XPS), infrared spectra (IR) and electrochemical techniques to confirm the formation. The molecular imprinted film modified electrode was successfully applied to the determination of CLB with a reliable result. In optimum conditions, CLB at concentrations of 0.3–50.0μM could be determined with a detection limit of 0.01μM (3σ). Determination of CLB in practical samples of pork liver showed good recovery. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The electrochemical behaviors of melamine (MEL) were studied at paraffin-impregnated graphite electrode in PBS (pH 7.0) and 0.5 M HSO. Various methods including UV-vis thin-layer spectroelectrochemistry, infrared spectra (IR) and electrochemicatry have been performed to investigate the characteristics. In 0.1 M PBS (pH 7.0), MEL loses two electrons to form a dication, which couples head-to-head with a neutral molecule of MEL to form a dimer accompanying the production of azocompound, the dimer plays a role of a monomer in the following polymerization. In 0.5 M HSO, unstable MEL mostly hydrolyzes to form ammeline, ammelide, s-triazine-2,4,6-trion, and tricyanic acid, respectively; The hydrolysis could be accelerated by electrochemical method; Meanwhile, MEL associates tricyanic acid to give a plane molecule cake by hydrogen bonding. The spectra responses of MEL at 205 and 234 nm are linearly increasing in a same concentration range of 1.0 × 10-1.0 × 10 M in 0.5 M HSO (determination limit, 1 × 10 and 3 × 10 (3σ)). The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of MEL in real sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have prepared a kind of molecularly imprinted nano-porous sensing film for the adsorption of melamine. It consists of a graphite electrode impregnated with paraffin and modified with melamine, chitosan, silver nanoparticles and polyquercetin by employing an electrochemical method. The film displays excellent and highly selective sorption of melamine in the 3-dimensional porous nanomaterial, and this was applied to the determination of melamine in dairy products. The electrode responds linearly to melamine in the concentration range of 1 × 10 to 9 × 10 M, with a detection limit of 1.3 × 10 M (at 3σ) in real samples, and with recoveries in the range of 99 to 102%. The surface structure and composition of the sensor was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and electrochemical techniques. The interaction between the porous film and melamine was also studied by using hexacyanoferrate (III) as an electrochemical indicator. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanoparticles coat polyquercetin (Qu) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) complex films were prepared using an electrochemical coupling strategy on platinum electrode (Ag/Qu/MWCNT/Ch/Pt). The new composite material was characterized by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra, X-ray diffraction, and electrochemical techniques, which confirmed that polyquercetin plays an important role to obtain a great deal of uniformly dispersed silver nanoparticles and MWCNT complex film with a diameter of 10 ± 6 nm. The resulting Ag/Qu/MWCNT/Ch/Pt electrode shows a significant electrocatalysis for the redox of cysteine (CysH). The stripping chronopotentiometric analysis of CysH has been successfully used with a satisfying effect. A linear range of 1 × 10−10 to 9 × 10−8 M was obtained with a detection limit of 3 × 10−11 M (3σ) and sensitivity of 35 µA/nM. The films were also robust, surviving up to 100 consecutive cyclic voltammograms and sonication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemistry of water dissolved in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C4mim][BF4]) was studied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy using a nickel electrode. Hydrogen peroxide is being produced by direct electrolysis of water in a cooperative process between the nickel electrode and [C4mim][BF4]. There is linear response between the concentration of water and the oxidation peak current at 1.60 V. Impedance decreases significantly with increasing concentration of water. The findings resulted in two promising applications: The first is the production of hydrogen peroxide, and the second is in water sensing. Both methods are environmentally friendly and convenient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The existence of weak solutions to the stationary quantum drift-diffusion equations for semiconductor devices is investigated. The proof is based on minimization procedure of non-linear functional and Schauder fixed-point theorem. Furthermore, the semiclassical limit from the quantum drift-diffusion model to the classical drift-diffusion model is discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Thousands of mine workers die every year from mining accidents, and instantaneous coal outbursts in underground coal mines are one of the major killers. Various models for these outbursts have been proposed, but the precise mechanism is still unknown. We hypothesize that the mechanism of coal outbursts is similar to magma fragmentation during explosive volcanic eruptions; i.e., it is caused by high gas pressure inside coal but low ambient pressure on it, breaking coal into pieces and releasing the high-pressure gas in a shock wave. Hence, coal outbursts may be regarded as another type of gas-driven eruption, in addition to explosive volcanic, lake, and possible ocean eruptions. We verify the hypothesis by experiments using a shock-tube apparatus. Knowing the mechanism of coal outbursts is the first step in developing prediction and mitigation measures. The new concept of gas-driven solid eruption is also important to a better understanding of salt-gas outbursts, rock-gas outbursts, and mud volcano eruptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platinum nanoparticles on polyaniline-coat multi-walled carbon nanotubes were fabricated by electrochemical method at paraffin-impregnated graphite electrode (Pt/PAN/MWCNTs). The material was characterized by various methods including field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical techniques. The electrode has been effectively applied toward formaldehyde (HCHO) sensing. A good linear response curves from 1 × 10−9 to 1 × 10−3 M can be obtained with a lower detection limit of 4.6 × 10−11 M (S/N 3). The successful preparation of nanocomposites opens a new path to fabricate the promising sensor for HCHO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) functionalized both by nickel and silver nanoparticles were obtained using a single step chemical deposition method in an ultrasonic bath. The new composite material was characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electroactivity of the bi-functionalized CNTs multi-walled carbon nanotubes was assessed in respect to the electrooxidation of methanol. It was found that the carbon nanotube supported silver nanoparticles have significantly higher catalytic properties than the bulk metal of the same surface area. Furthermore, it was shown that the presence of only a very small proportion of magnetic nickel nanoparticles (1.5% of the total number of metallic nanoparticles) allows the bi-functionalized carbon nanotubes to be moved magnetically in solution, making them easily recoverable after use whilst keeping an optimal electrocatalytic surface area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The electrochemical modification of clenbuterol (CLB) was studied at paraffin-impregnated graphite electrode (WGE) in two potential ranges of 0.0–1.6V and −1.2 to 1.2V. Various methods including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-spectroelectrochemistry, infrared (IR) spectra and electrochemical techniques have been used to characterizing the modification. Clenbuterol can be modified at the electrode surface by carbon–nitrogen linkage or carbon–carbon linkage in 0.0–1.6V or −1.2 to 1.2V, respectively. The electrochemical behaviors of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), adrenalin (EP), ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) were studied at clenbuterol-modified paraffin-impregnated graphite electrode (CLB/WGE), and it was found that all these compounds could be detected successfully. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Low light image enhancement is a challenging task, and it has been a hot research topic. Inspired by retinex theory and U-Net network, we propose a U-Net-based multiscale feature preserving method for low light image enhancement, which can realize the extraction of low-level features and high-level semantic features. Before feature extraction, we carry out multiscale pre-extraction processing on the image to improve the feature extraction ability of the network. Considering the discontinuity between low-level features and high-level semantic features, we propose a spatial consistency method to maintain the global feature correlation. Finally, we propose a new multiscale structure calculation method, which greatly alleviates the phenomenon of uneven illumination and color deviation after enhancement and makes the enhancement results more consistent with human visual perception. Extensive experiments demonstrate that compared with other advanced enhancement methods, our method has better enhancement effect and can retain more details. The enhanced image not only has good visual perception but also is better than other methods in objective evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, we consider a degenerate time-dependent drift-diffusion model for semiconductors. The electric conductivity in the system is assumed to be temperate-dependent. And the pressure function we use in this paper is . We present existence results for general nonlinear diffusivities for the degenerate Dirichlet–Neumann mixed boundary value problem. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Nickel (Ni) always accumulates on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) by direct electrodeposition. In this paper, nickel nanoparticles were electro crystallized on 4-nitroaniline (NA) radical monolayer-grafted on MWCNT through molecular level design. The structure and nature of the Ni/NA/MWCNT were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the results show that Ni nanoparticles were homogeneously electrodeposited on the surfaces of MWCNT. This complex catalyst showed excellent electro-catalytic activity for oxidation of ethanol in alkaline solution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The present work reports a quercetin-modified wax-impregnated graphite electrode (Qu/WGE) prepared through an electrochemical oxidation procedure in quercetin-containing phosphate buffer solution (PBS), for the purpose of detecting uric acid (UA) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA). During modification quercetin was oxidized to the corresponding quinonic structure, and in the blank buffer solution the electrodeposited film exhibits a voltammetric response anticipated for the surface-immobilized quercetin. Retarding effect of the film towards the reaction of anionic species was found; therefore the pH of sample solutions was selected to ensure the analyte in molecular form. At suitable pHs the Qu/WGE shows excellent electrocatalytic effect towards the oxidation of both AA and UA, and separates the voltammetric signal of UA from AA by about 280mV, allowing simultaneous detection of these two species. A linear relation between the peak current and concentration was obtained for UA in the range of 1–50μM in the presence of 0.5mM AA, with a detection limit 1.0μM (S/N =3). This sensor was stable, reproducible and outstanding for long-term use. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A novel poly rutin (Ru) modified paraffin-impregnated graphite electrode (WGE) was fabricated by electrochemical method. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), infrared spectra (IR), in situ UV-spectroelectrochemical and electrochemical techniques proved the immobilization of rutin on WGE. Ru undergoes electrochemical oxidation in two ways related to the two catechol hydroxyl groups and the other two hydroxyl groups; the former not only carries out a two-electron two-proton reversible reaction, but also produces unstable phenoxy radicals which readily polymerize to strongly adhere to WGE surface companying Ru monomer embeded and adsorbed in the film (Ru/WGE). The Ru/WGE displayed strong catalytic function for the oxidation of adrenalin (EP), serotonin (5-HT), and ascorbic acid (AA) and resolved the overlap voltammetric response of EP and AA into two well-defined voltammetric peaks of about 172mV with DPV. A linear response in the range of 3.0–90.0μM with detection limit (s/n =3) of 8.0×10−7 M for EP was obtained in coexistence of AA (0.01mM). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective To determine whether early activation of the inhibin B/FSH axis is detectable in prepubertal obese boys. Methods Thirty-five simple obese Tanner stage G1PH1 boys with body mass index over 25 aged 8-11 years old and 25 age-matched nonobese healthy prepubertal boys (G1PH1) were clinically examined and testicular size measured by ultrasound. Serum inhibin B, testosterone, LH, FSH, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate (DHEAS) and bone age were measured. GnRH-stimulating tests were performed in the obese children and the relationships between inhibin B and bone age, testicular volume, DHEA, DHEAS, and stimulated peak LH, FSH and testosterone were analysed. Results The majority of basal LH and testosterone levels were undetectable in both groups of G1PH1 children and no difference was apparent between the groups. However, testicular volume (left 1.21 ml vs 0.83 ml, right 1.15 ml vs 0.81 ml), bone age, DHEA and DHEAS levels were significantly higher in obese children. Inhibin B was detectable in all children. Basal levels were significantly higher in obese children (103.3 ng/l vs 60.95 ng/l, P < 0.001) and correlated with testicular volume (left: rs = 0.655, right: rs = 0.638, P < 0.001) and bone age ( rs = 0.554, P < 0.05). Basal FSH levels did not correlate with inhibin B. However, after GnRH stimulation, a clear negative correlation between peak FSH and basal inhibin B was apparent ( rs = -0.583, P < 0.001) consistent with early activation of the inhibin B/FSH axis. Conclusions Activation of the inhibin B/FSH axis is apparent in obese Tanner stage G1PH1 boys and appears to represent an early hormonal change of puberty in these individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Multi-wall carbon nanotubes-modified paraffin-impregnated graphite disk was fabricated by using choline bond and catalyzer (MWCNT/Ch/WGE), and the properties were, respectively, investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Electrochemical behavior of quercetin was studied in detail by FE-SEM, UV-spectroelectrochemical and various electrochemical methods, which related with the two catechol hydroxyl groups and the other three hydroxyl groups, the former is electron-donating group with a two electron two proton reversible reaction, and is pH dependent. A highly sensitive adsorptive stripping voltammetric measurement (AdSV) for quercetin was also shown at this electrode. On the optimum conditions, the adsorptive stripping response of the peak (E =0.15V, 3min accumulation) was proportional to the concentration in a range of 9.0×10−9 to 4.0×10−5 M. A detection limit of 4.8×10−9 M was obtained with a signal-to-noise ratio (s/n) of 3 and a good precision (R.S.D.: 2.1%, n: 9). Such attractive ability of MWCNT/Ch/WGE suggests a great promise for a quercetin amperometric sensor. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control is applied to the attitude stabilization of flexible satellite. The detailed design procedure of the fuzzy sliding mode control system is presented. The adaptive fuzzy control is utilized to approach the equivalent control of sliding mode control and the adaptive law is derived. The hitting control, which guarantees the stability of the control system, is developed. In order to attenuate the chattering phenomena, fuzzy rules are employed to smooth the hitting control. Simulation results show that precise attitude control is accomplished based on the proposed method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Carbamylcholine (CCh) modified paraffin-impregnated graphite electrode (CCh/WGE) was prepared and characterized by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–vis spetroelectrochemistry and cyclic voltammetry. It was found that the CCh/WGE could be used for surface accumulation and electrocatalytic determination of estrogens involving estradiol, estrone and estriol. By using square-wave stripping voltammetry, an anodic peak was observed at about 0.55V versus SCE for all these estrogens. The peak current was proportional to concentration of estradiol, estrone and estriol in the range from 4×10−6 to 4×10−5, 3×10−7 to 3×10−5, and 5×10−7 to 9×10−6 M, respectively. This electrode could be used for determination of estrogens in practical samples. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A monolayer modified glassy carbon electrode by using propionylcholine (denoted as PCh/GCE) was fabricated via cyclic voltammetry. A strong electrochemical catalytic activity toward the oxidation of uric acid (UA) was observed. The peak potential separation of differential pulse voltammetry for UA and ascorbic acid (AA) was about 293mV, allowing the determination of UA in the presence of high concentration of AA. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), in situ UV–visible spetroelectrochemistry (UV–vis) and electrochemical impedance spectrum techniques were used for characterization. It was demonstrated that the PCh was hydrolyzed to choline (Ch) and propionic acid as soon as the Ch covalently bounded on the carbon surface accompanying with an imbedding of the propionic acid into the Ch modified layer, forming the novel monolayer modification of choline residue and propionic acid interdigitated assembling. In optimal condition, a linear range of 0.07–70μM, a detection limit of 0.02μM (3σ) in the presence of 0.1mM AA were achieved. Also, choline, acetylcholine and butylcholine modified GCEs were similarly prepared for comparison. Utility of the PCh/GCE was demonstrated by the measurement of UA in human urine without any pretreatment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Osmotic distillation (OD) was found to be a coupled process in membrane absorption (MA) for the treatment of high strength ammonia wastewater. As a result, ammonia oould not be concentrated in absorption solution(AS) as expected. The inhibition of the coupled OD in MA process was investigated as well as various factors affecting the inhibition. The results indicated that the coupled OD can be effectively inhibited by heating concentrated solution and cooling dilute solution. It was also found that experimental minimum inhibition temperature difference! MITD) between concentrated and dilute solutions was different when using polyvinylidene fluoride( PVDF) and polypropylene(PP) membranes respectively, which could be ascribed to material properties, such as OD and membrane distillation ( MD) coefficients of the membranes. Experimental MITDs were found to be higher than theoretical MITDs which were calculated using a simplified method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is concerned with a system of avalanche-semiconductor equations. Under the assumption that initial value ui0(x)∈L+2(Ω), we get the existence of local weak solution to this mixed nonlinear boundary value problem. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

BackgroundMethodsResultsConclusionsInterstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common pulmonary manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is associated with a poor prognosis. However, the role of blood biomarkers in RA-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is ill-defined. We aim to evaluate the role of YKL-40 and Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) in the diagnosis and severity evaluation of RA-ILD.45 RA-non-ILD patients and 38 RA-ILD patients were included. The clinical data and the levels of YKL-40 and KL-6 were measured and collected for all patients. The risk factors for RA-ILD were analyzed and their correlation with relevant indicators and predictive value for RA-ILD was explored.The levels of YKL-40 and KL-6 in RA-ILD patients were higher than RA-non-ILD patients (p < .001). Both YKL-40 and KL-6 were correlated with the incidence of RA-ILD. The predictive power of combined KL-6 and YKL-40 for the presence of ILD was 0.789, with a sensitivity and specificity at 73.7% and 73.3%, respectively. In RA-ILD patients, both YKL-40 and KL-6 were positively correlated with the Scleroderma Lung Study (SLS) I score and negatively correlated with pulmonary function.KL-6 and YKL-40 might be a useful biomarker in the diagnosis and severity evaluation of RA-ILD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The invasive vine Sicyos angulatus L. destroys the natural ecosystem of invaded areas and seriously interferes with normal agricultural production. Understanding the growth and development characteristics of S. angulatus is necessary in order to explore its invasion mechanisms and implement appropriate prevention and control measures. Flexible resource allocation and efficient water use strategies promote the growth and development of S. angulatus. In addition to conventional pesticides and aboveground removal measures, strengthening the removal of the root system of S. angulatus helps to improve control efficiency. The invasive vine Sicyos angulatus L. destroys the natural ecosystem of invaded areas. Understanding the differences in growth and development between S. angulatus and other plants is necessary to explore the invasion mechanisms of S. angulatus and implement appropriate prevention and control measures. Thus, this study compared the growth, photosynthesis, and root characteristics of invasive liana S. angulatus and other three vine plants, Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth, Ipomoea purpurea (L.), and Thladiantha dubia Bunge, at different growth stages: seedling, flowering, and fruiting. The results showed that the total biomass of S. angulatus in the fruiting stage was 3–6 times that of the other three plants, and the root biomass ratio and root–shoot ratio decreased throughout the growth stage. Throughout the growth stage, the total leaf area of S. angulatus was significantly higher than that of the other three plant types, and the specific leaf area of S. angulatus at the seedling and flowering stages was 2.5–3 and 1.4–3 times that of the other three plants, respectively. The photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of S. angulatus at the fruiting stage were significantly higher than those of the other three plants, and its water use efficiency was higher than that of the other three plants at the three growth stages, indicating its strong photosynthetic capacity. The root activity and root pressure of S. angulatus were also significantly higher than those of the other three plants at the seedling and flowering stages. These results show that S. angulatus flexibly allocates resources to its aboveground parts during the growth stage to ensure that the plant obtains the space necessary for its growth and development and that with the help of higher root pressure and root activity, S. angulatus can maintain higher photosynthesis and water use efficiency with fewer resources. Therefore, the prevention and control of S. angulatus requires a combination of aboveground and underground measures. Spraying conventional weedicide/herbicide and manually removing aboveground plants may lead to its resurgence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]