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This study reports the whole-genome sequence of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum cqf-43 isolated from healthy sow feces. Based on genomic analysis, we performed a comprehensive safety assessment of strain cqf-43, using both in vitro and in vivo experiments, and explored its probiotic potential. The total genome length measures 3,169,201 bp, boasting a GC content of 44.59%. Through phylogenetic analyses, leveraging both 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences, we confidently categorize strain cqf-43 as a member of Lactiplantibacillus. Genome annotation using Prokka unveiled a total of 3141 genes, encompassing 2990 protein-coding sequences, 71 tRNAs, 16 rRNAs, and 1 tmRNA. Functional annotations derived from COG and KEGG databases highlighted a significant abundance of genes related to metabolism, with a notable emphasis on carbohydrate utilization. The genome also revealed the presence of prophage regions and CRISPR-Cas regions while lacking virulence and toxin genes. Screening for antibiotic resistance genes via the CARD database yielded no detectable transferable resistance genes, effectively eliminating the potential for harmful gene transfer. It is worth highlighting that the virulence factors identified via the VFDB database primarily contribute to bolstering pathogen resilience in hostile environments. This characteristic is particularly advantageous for probiotics. Furthermore, the genome is devoid of menacing genes such as hemolysin, gelatinase, and biogenic amine-producing genes. Our investigation also unveiled the presence of three unannotated secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters, as detected by the online tool antiSMASH, suggesting a great deal of unknown potential for this strain. Rigorous in vitro experiments confirmed tolerance of strain cqf-43 in the intestinal environment, its antimicrobial efficacy, sensitivity to antibiotics, absence of hemolysis and gelatinase activity, and its inability to produce biogenic amines. In addition, a 28-day oral toxicity test showed that the strain cqf-43 did not pose a health hazard in mice, further establishing it as a safe strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the effects of supplementing bioactive peptides derived from rapeseed protein (rapeseed peptide, Rsp) on the growth performance, serum biochemistry and faecal micro‐organism composition of weaned piglets. Sixty Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire weaned piglets of similar weights were randomly divided into three groups. The control group (NC) was fed a basal diet, and the two treatment groups, Rsp‐1 and Rsp‐2, were fed a basal diet supplemented with 1% or 2% Rsp, respectively, for 28 days. Each treatment consisted of five replicates with four piglets per replicate. The results showed that Rsp treatment significantly improved the average daily gain and had a better feed‐to‐gain ratio (p < 0.05). The diarrhoea incidence and indices of Rsp‐1 and Rsp‐2 groups were significantly lower than the NC group (p < 0.05), and the effect of Rsp‐2 on reducing the incidence of diarrhoea was significantly higher than that of Rsp‐1 (p < 0.05). The serum albumin, serum immunoglobulin A and catalase levels of the Rsp‐1 and Rsp‐2 groups were significantly better than the NC group (p < 0.05). Additionally, Rsp treatment significantly gained the relative abundance of faecal Lactobacillaceae and decreased the relative abundance of faecal Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, Treponema and Coprococcus (p < 0.05). In summary, Rsp supplementation improved the growth performance, ameliorated the diarrhoea, enhanced the immune and antioxidant functions and changed the composition of faecal micro‐organisms in piglets. These findings indicate that Rsp positively affected the health of weaned piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has established a mathematical model which describes the tension found in web handling system open spans in transient operating environments. Nondimensionalized governing equations are employed using the MacCormack predictor/corrector technique. Viscoelastic behavioural measurements of the web handing system were taken.

[Objective] This study aimed to increase content of oligosaccharides, obtain enzymolysis products with antibacterial properties, and improve in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of corn-soybean feed by screening enzyme patterns and optimizing enzymolysis conditions of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP). [Method] The content of reducing sugar was used as the evaluation index. Five NSP enzymes with different contents (cellulose 110, 220 and 330 U/kg, xylanase 176, 352 and 528 U/kg, pectinase 331, 662 and 993 U/kg, β-glucanase 124, 248 and 372 U/kg, (3-mannase 83, 166 and 249 U/kg) were added into corn-soybean feed to screen optimum enzyme pattern using Li8 (37) orthogonal design. The effects of temperature (35, 45, 55 and 65 °C) on reducing sugar content, and time (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 h) on carbohydrate composition, antibacterial effect and IVDMD of feed were studied to obtain optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions. The enzymatic hydrolysis feed was prepared according to above optimized conditions. A storage test was carried out at 25 °C to compare antibacterial effects among ordinary feed, enzymatic hydrolysis feed and the feed with antiseptic (0. 05% and 0. 10% mass fraction). [Result] The optimum enzyme combinations were cellulose 110 U/kg, xylanase 528 U/kg, pectinase 993 U/kg, (3-glucanase 372 U/kg and p-mannanase 249 U/kg in corn-soybean feed. The optimum temperature for enzymatic hydrolysis was 55 °C and highest reduction sugar yield (17. 98 mg/g) was obtained. The optimum time was 15 h, at which the oligosaccharide content in enzymatic hydrolysis feed was 78. 65 mg/g and enzymolysis products had the strongest inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli. Furthermore, it also showed inhibitory effects on foodborne pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, Salmonella and Lactobacillus plantarum. The IVDMD of feed increased over enzymolysis time and reached almost equilibrium of 54. 25% - 56. 25% at 15 h. Feed storage test showed that no spoilage was found in enzymatic feed and the feed with 0. 10% mildew inhibitor, while ordinary feed and feed with 0. 05% mildew inhibitor appeared rot after 2 days storage under certain conditions. The total bacterial plate counts and coliform counts in enzymatic feed were well below the counts in ordinary feed and feed with mildew inhibitor. Enzymatic feed was ineffective against blue mold. [Conclusion] The NSP enzyme pattern and optimal enzymolysis conditions for corn-soybean feed were obtained. The proper enzymolysis of corn-soybean feed by NSP enzyme can significantly improve IVDMD, content of oligosaccharide, and antibacterial ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The interleukin-6/janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (IL-6/JAK2/STAT3) pathway plays an important role in immune function, but little research has focused on this pathway in depression. We sought to examine the relationship between the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway and depressive-like behavior. Methods: Using a chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm, a total of 36 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four matched groups: (1) control + vehicle, (2) CMS + vehicle, (3) control + paroxetine, and (4) CMS + paroxetine. We investigated the effects of CMS on depressive-like behavior by using the forced swimming test (FST). Subsequently, the mRNA levels of members of the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway were assessed by qRT-PCR. Results: We found that rats exposed to CMS displayed a significant increase in immobility time and a decrease in climbing time in the FST. Moreover, mRNA levels of IL-6, JAK2, and STAT3 in the hypothalamus were increased following CMS. We also found that mRNA levels of IL-6, JAK2, and STAT3 were normalized by paroxetine administration, which coincided with normalization of the depressive-like behavior. Conclusions: The IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway may be activated in depression, and targeting this pathway may provide a novel effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Soybean meal (SBM) is the most common protein source used in the poultry and livestock industries. It has high‐quality protein, an excellent amino acid (AA) profile, and positive isoflavone properties. However, the antigen proteins in SBM are unsuitable for young animals. The objective of this study was to identify a Bacillus strain that can degrade soybean antigen proteins, and to evaluate the feasibility of its application in SBM fermentation. RESULTS: Bacillus velezensis DP‐2 was isolated from Douchi, a fermented Chinese food. It degraded 96.14% and 66.51% of glycinin and β‐conglycinin, and increased the trichloroacetic acid‐soluble protein (TCAN) content by 5.46 times in the SBM medium. DP‐2 could secrete alkaline protease and neutral protease, with productivities of 5.85 and 5.99 U mL−1. It had broad‐spectrum, antibacterial activities against Rhizopus nigricans HR, Fusarium oxysporum ACCC37404, Penicillium digitatum SQ2, Aspergillus flavus C1, Aspergillus niger ACCC30005, Trichoderma viride YZ1, Candida tropicalis CICC1630, and Salmonella sp. ZY. For SBM fermentation, the optimal inoculum rate, temperature, and fermentation time of DP‐2 were 2.21 × 107 CFU g−1, 37 °C, and 48 h, respectively. The fermented soybean meal (FSBM) was cream‐colored and glutinous. Its crude protein (CP), soluble protein, and TCA‐N content were improved by 13.45%, 12.53%, and 6.37 times, respectively. The glycinin and β‐conglycinin content were reduced by 78.00% and 43.07%, respectively, compared with raw SBM. CONCLUSIONS: Bacillus velezensis DP‐2 has potential as a starter culture for SBM fermentation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]