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Piezocatalysis is considered to be a favorable catalytic technology by utilizing external mechanical stimulation to promote the specific redox reactions. The application of piezocatalysis in batteries is promising but faces formidable challenges. Herein, the operation principles of piezocatalysis were successfully demonstrated by constructing solid-state Li-Se and Li-S battery models with interfacial stress accumulation. Lead zirconate titanate with an ultra-high piezoelectric coefficient was applied as the piezoelectric catalyst. The uniformity of the dipole orientation in materials was essential for achieving piezocatalysis in batteries. The accumulated high-stress converts to piezopotential for catalyzing most reaction processes in batteries, while the rapid stress change prevents the internal charge reorganization, ensuring continuous efficient catalysis. The internal stress change alters the internal polarisation strength, driving excess screening charge to participate in the electrochemical reaction. Under piezocatalysis, solid-state Li-Se batteries exhibited a initial discharge capacity of 670.9 mAh g -1 (99.4 % of the theoretical value) at 0.1 C, and Li-S batteries showed a capacity of 1463 mAh g -1 at 0.2 C, which was still maintained up to 1084 mAh g -1 at an elevated rate of 0.5 C. This piezocatalysis strategy provides a strong theoretical basis and design specification for enhancing Li-Se and Li-S battery reaction kinetics., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Uncontrollable interfacial side reactions generated from common aqueous electrolytes, just like the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and dendrite growth, have severely prevented the practical application of zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). Solid-state ZIBs are considered to be an efficient strategy by adopting high-quality solid-state electrolytes (SSEs). Here, by confining deep eutectic electrolyte (DEE) into the nanochannels of metal-organic framework (MOF)-PCN-222, a stable DEE@PCN-222 SSE with internal Zn 2+ transport channels was obtained. A distinctive ion-transport network composed of DEE and PCN-222 in the interior of DEE@PCN-222 realizes the efficient Zn 2+ conduction, contributing to high ionic conductivity of 3.13×10 -4  S cm -1 at room temperature, low activation energy of 0.12 eV, and a high Zn 2+ transference number of 0.74. Furthermore, experimental and theoretical investigations demonstrate that DEE@PCN-222 with its unique channel structure could homogeneously regulate the Zn 2+ distribution and effectively alleviate the side reactions. Highly reversible Zn plating/stripping performance of 2476 h can be realized by the SSE. The solid-state ZIBs show a specific capacity of 306 mAh g -1 and display cycling stability of 517 cycles. This unique design concept provides a new perspective in realizing the high-safety and high-performance ZIBs., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Solid-state lithium-oxygen (Li-O 2 ) batteries have been widely recognized as one of the candidates for the next-generation of energy storage batteries. However, the development of solid-state Li-O 2 batteries has been hindered by the lack of solid-state electrolyte (SSE) with high ionic conductivity at room temperature, high Li + transference number, and the high stability to air. Herein, the organic molecular porous solid cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) with one-dimensional (1D) ion migration channels is developed as the SSE for solid-state Li-O 2 batteries. Taking advantage of the 1D ion migration channel for Li + conduction, CB[7] SSE achieves high ionic conductivity (2.45 × 10 -4 S cm -1 at 25 °C). Moreover, the noncovalent interactions facilitated the immobilization of anions, realizing a high Li + transference number (t Li + = 0.81) and Li + uniform distribution. The CB[7] SSE also shows a wide electrochemical stability window of 0-4.65 V and high thermal stability and chemical stability, as well as realizes stable Li + plating/stripping (more than 1000 h at 0.3 mA cm -2 ). As a result, the CB[7] SSE endows solid-state Li-O 2 batteries with superior rate capability and long-term discharge/charge stability (up to 500 h). This design strategy of CB[7] SSE paves the way for stable and efficient solid-state Li-O 2 batteries toward practical applications., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Li-N 2 batteries have received widespread attention for their potential to integrate N 2 fixation, energy storage, and conversion. However, because of the low activity and poor stability of cathode catalysts, the electrochemical performance of Li-N 2 batteries is suboptimal, and their electrochemical reversibility has rarely been proven. In this study, a novel bifunctional photo-assisted Li-N 2 battery system was established by employing a plasmonic Au nanoparticles (NPs)-modified defective carbon nitride (Au-N v -C 3 N 4 ) photocathode. The Au-N v -C 3 N 4 exhibits strong light-harvesting, N 2 adsorption, and N 2 activation abilities, and the photogenerated electrons and hot electrons are remarkably beneficial for accelerating the discharge and charge reaction kinetics. These advantages enable the photo-assisted Li-N 2 battery to achieve a low overpotential of 1.32 V, which is the lowest overpotential reported to date, as well as superior rate capability and prolonged cycle stability (≈500 h). Remarkably, a combination of theoretical and experimental results demonstrates the high reversibility of the photo-assisted Li-N 2 battery. The proposed novel strategy for developing efficient cathode catalysts and fabricating photo-assisted battery systems breaks through the overpotential bottleneck of Li-N 2 batteries, providing important insights into the mechanism underlying N 2 fixation and storage., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Solid-state lithium (Li) batteries promise both high energy density and safety while existing solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) fail to satisfy the rigorous requirements of battery operations. Herein, novel polyoxometalate SSEs, Li 3 PW 12 O 40 and Li 3 PMo 12 O 40 , are synthesized, which exhibit excellent interfacial compatibility with electrodes and chemical stability, overcoming the limitations of conventional SSEs. A high ionic conductivity of 0.89 mS cm -1 and a low activation energy of 0.23 eV are obtained due to the optimized three-dimensional Li + migration network of Li 3 PW 12 O 40 . Li 3 PW 12 O 40 exhibits a wide window of electrochemical stability that can both accommodate the Li anode and high-voltage cathodes. As a result, all-solid-state Li metal batteries fabricated with Li/Li 3 PW 12 O 40 /LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 display a stable cycling up to 100 cycles with a cutoff voltage of 4.35 V and an areal capacity of more than 4 mAh cm -2 , as well as a cost-competitive SSEs price of $5.68 kg -1 . Moreover, Li 3 PMo 12 O 40 homologous to Li 3 PW 12 O 40 was obtained via isomorphous substitution, which formed a low-resistance interface with Li 3 PW 12 O 40 . Applications of Li 3 PW 12 O 40 and Li 3 PMo 12 O 40 in Li-air batteries further demonstrate that long cycle life (650 cycles) can be achieved. This strategy provides a facile, low-cost strategy to construct efficient and scalable solid polyoxometalate electrolytes for high-energy solid-state Li metal batteries., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) with high ionic conductivity and superior stability are considered to be a key technology for the safe operation of solid-state lithium batteries. However, current SSEs are incapable of meeting the requirements for practical solid-state lithium batteries. Here we report a general strategy for achieving high-performance SSEs by engineering polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs). Taking advantage of the interconnected ion pathways generated from the ionizable groups, high ionic conductivity (1.06×10 -3  S cm -1 at 25 °C) is achieved for the PIMs-based SSEs. The mechanically strong (50.0 MPa) and non-flammable SSEs combine the two superiorities of outstanding Li + conductivity and electrochemical stability, which can restrain the dendrite growth and prevent Li symmetric batteries from short-circuiting even after more than 2200 h cycling. Benefiting from the rational design of SSEs, PIMs-based SSEs Li-metal batteries can achieve good cycling performance and superior feasibility in a series of withstand abuse tests including bending, cutting, and penetration. Moreover, the PIMs-based SSEs endow high specific capacity (11307 mAh g -1 ) and long-term discharge/charge stability (247 cycles) for solid-state Li-O 2 batteries. The PIMs-based SSEs present a powerful strategy for enabling safe operation of high-energy solid-state batteries., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The demand for high-energy sustainable rechargeable batteries has motivated the development of lithium-oxygen (Li-O 2 ) batteries. However, the inherent safety issues of liquid electrolytes and the sluggish reaction kinetics of existing cathodes remain fundamental challenges. Herein, we demonstrate a promising photo-assisted solid-state Li-O 2 battery based on metal-organic framework-derived mixed ionic/electronic conductors, which simultaneously serve as the solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) and the cathode. The mixed conductors could effectively harvest ultraviolet-visible light to generate numerous photoelectrons and holes, which is favorable to participate in the electrochemical reaction, contributing to greatly improved reaction kinetics. According to the study on conduction behavior, we discover that the mixed conductors as SSEs possess outstanding Li + conductivity (1.52 × 10 -4 S cm -1 at 25 °C) and superior chemical/electrochemical stability (especially toward H 2 O, O 2 - , etc.). Application of mixed ionic electronic conductors in photo-assisted solid-state Li-O 2 batteries further reveals that a high energy efficiency (94.2%) and a long life (320 cycles) can be achieved with a simultaneous design of SSEs and cathodes. The achievements present the widespread universality in accelerating the development of safe and high-performance solid-state batteries.

At present, photoassisted Li-air batteries are considered to be an effective approach to overcome the sluggish reaction kinetics of the Li-air batteries. And, the organic liquid electrolyte is generally adopted by the current conventional photoassisted Li-air batteries. However, the superior catalytic activity of photoassisted cathode would in turn fasten the degradation of the organic liquid electrolyte, leading to limited battery cycling life. Herein, we tame the above limitation of the traditional liquid electrolyte system for Li-CO 2 batteries by constructing a photoassisted all-solid-state Li-CO 2 battery with an integrated bilayer Au@TiO 2 /Li 1.5 Al 0.5 Ge 1.5 (PO 4 ) 3 (LAGP)/LAGP (ATLL) framework, which can essentially improve battery stability. Taking advantage of photoelectric and photothermal effects, the Au@TiO 2 /LAGP layer enables the acceleration of the slow kinetics of the carbon dioxide reduction reaction and evolution reaction processes. The LAGP layer could resolve the problem of liquid electrolyte decomposition under illumination. The integrated double-layer LAGP framework endows the direct transportation of heat and Li + in the entire system. The photoassisted all-solid-state Li-CO 2 battery achieves an ultralow polarization of 0.25 V with illumination, as well as a high round-trip efficiency of 92.4%. Even at an extremely low temperature of -73 °C, the battery can still deliver a small polarization of 0.6 V by converting solar energy into heat to achieve self-heating. This study is not limited to the Li-air batteries but can also be applied to other battery systems, constituting a significant step toward the practical application of all-solid-state photoassisted Li-air batteries.

Photoassisted electrochemical reaction is regarded as an effective approach to reduce the overpotential of lithium-oxygen (Li-O 2 ) batteries. However, the achievement of both broadband absorption and long term battery cycling stability are still a formidable challenge. Herein, an oxygen vacancy-mediated fast kinetics for a photoassisted Li-O 2 system is developed with a silver/bismuth molybdate (Ag/Bi 2 MoO 6 ) hybrid cathode. The cathode can offer both double advantages for light absorption covering UV to visible region and excellent electrochemical activity for O 2 . Upon discharging, the photoexcited electrons from Ag nanoplate based on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) are injected into the oxygen vacancy in Bi 2 MoO 6 . The fast oxygen reaction kinetics generate the amorphous Li 2 O 2 , and the discharge plateau is improved to 3.05 V. Upon charging, the photoexcited holes are capable to decompose amorphous Li 2 O 2 promptly, yielding a very low charge plateau of 3.25 V. A first cycle round-trip efficiency is 93.8% and retention of 70% over 500 h, which is the longest cycle life ever reported in photoassisted Li-O 2 batteries. This work offers a general and reliable strategy for boosting the electrochemical kinetics by tailoring the crystalline of Li 2 O 2 with wide-band light., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The photoassisted lithium-oxygen (Li-O 2 ) system has emerged as an important direction for future development by effectively reducing the large overpotential in Li-O 2 batteries. However, the advancement is greatly hindered by the rapidly recombined photoexcited electrons and holes upon the discharging and charging processes. Herein, a breakthrough is made in overcoming these challenges by developing a new magnetic and optical field multi-assisted Li-O 2 battery with 3D porous NiO nanosheets on the Ni foam (NiO/FNi) as a photoelectrode. Under illumination, the photogenerated electrons and holes of the NiO/FNi photoelectrode play a key role in reducing the overpotential during discharging and charging, respectively. By introducing the external magnetic field, the Lorentz force acts oppositely on the photogenerated electrons and holes, thereby suppressing the recombination of charge carriers. The magnetic and optical field multi-assisted Li-O 2 battery achieves an ultralow charge potential of 2.73 V, a high energy efficiency of 96.7%, and good cycling stability. This external magnetic and optical field multi-assisted technology paves a new way of developing high-performance Li-O 2 batteries and other energy storage systems., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Directly converting and storing abundant solar energy in next-generation energy storage devices is of central importance to build a sustainable society. Herein, a new prototype of a light-promoted rechargeable and flexible Li-CO 2 battery with a TiO 2 /carbon cloth (CC) cathode is reported for the direct utilization of solar energy to promote the kinetics of the carbon dioxide reduction reaction and carbon dioxide evolution reaction (CO 2 ER). Under illumination, photoelectrons are generated in the conduction band of TiO 2 /CC, followed by the enhancing diffusion of electrons and lithium ions during the discharge process. The photoelectrons on the cathode surface can regulate the morphology of the discharge product Li 2 CO 3 , contributing to boosting the kinetics of the subsequent CO 2 ER process. In the reverse charge process, photogenerated holes can favor the decomposition of Li 2 CO 3 , leading to a negative charge potential of 2.88 V without increased polarization over ≈60 h of cycling. Owing to an ultralow overpotential of 0.06 V between the discharge and charge process, an ultrahigh energy efficiency of 97.9% is attained under illumination. The introduction of a light-promoted flexible Li-CO 2 battery can pave the way toward developing the use of solar energy to address the charging overpotential of conventional Li-CO 2 batteries., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

A photoinduced flexible Li-CO 2 battery with well-designed, hierarchical porous, and free-standing In 2 S 3 @CNT/SS (ICS) as a bifunctional photoelectrode to accelerate both the CO 2 reduction and evolution reactions (CDRR and CDER) is presented. The photoinduced Li-CO 2 battery achieved a record-high discharge voltage of 3.14 V, surpassing the thermodynamic limit of 2.80 V, and an ultra-low charge voltage of 3.20 V, achieving a round trip efficiency of 98.1 %, which is the highest value ever reported (<80 %) so far. These excellent properties can be ascribed to the hierarchical porous and free-standing structure of ICS, as well as the key role of photogenerated electrons and holes during discharging and charging processes. A mechanism is proposed for pre-activating CO 2 by reducing In 3+ to In + under light illumination. The mechanism of the bifunctional light-assisted process provides insight into photoinduced Li-CO 2 batteries and contributes to resolving the major setbacks of the system., (© 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Background: Numerous articles reported that dysregulated expression levels of miRNAs correlated with survival time of HCC patients. However, there has not been a comprehensive meta-analysis to evaluate the accurate prognostic value of miRNAs in HCC., Design: Meta-analysis., Materials and Methods: Studies, published in English, estimating expression levels of miRNAs with any survival curves in HCC were identified up until 15 April, 2017 by performing online searches in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews by two independent authors. The pooled hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate the correlation between miRNA expression and overall survival (OS)., Results: 54 relevant articles about 16 miRNAs, with 6464 patients, were ultimately included. HCC patients with high expression of tissue miR-9 (HR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.46-3.76), miR-21 (HR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.29-2.41), miR-34c (HR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.05-2.57), miR-155 (HR = 2.84, 95% CI = 1.46-5.51), miR-221 (HR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.02-3.04) or low expression of tissue miR-22 (HR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.63-3.21), miR-29c (HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.10-1.65), miR-34a (HR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.30-2.59), miR-199a (HR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.89-4.08), miR-200a (HR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.86-3.77), miR-203 (HR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.61-3.00) have significantly poor OS ( P < 0.05). Likewise, HCC patients with high expression of blood miR-21 (HR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.07-2.80), miR-192 (HR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.15-5.10), miR-224 (HR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.14-2.12) or low expression of blood miR-148a (HR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.11-4.59) have significantly short OS ( P < 0.05)., Conclusions: In conclusion, tissue miR-9, miR-21, miR-22, miR-29c, miR-34a, miR-34c, miR-155, miR-199a, miR-200a, miR-203, miR-221 and blood miR-21, miR-148a, miR-192, miR-224 demonstrate significantly prognostic value. Among them, tissue miR-9, miR-22, miR-155, miR-199a, miR-200a, miR-203 and blood miR-148a, miR-192 are potential prognostic candidates for predicting OS in HCC., Competing Interests: CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Background: During previous studies, microRNA-224 (miR-224) was frequently investigated and discovered to be of vital significance to prognosis of patients with various cancers. However, its accurate prognostic value has not been estimated worldwide. Herein, we performed meta-analysis to assess its potential predictive value in a variety of human tumors., Methods: Qualified researches were identified up to March 1, 2017 through performing online searches in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) or progression-free survival (PFS) as a prognosis for various cancers were extracted and calculated, if available. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Stata version 13.0 (StataCorp, College Station, Texas, USA)., Results: 22 eligible studies with 3000 patients were ultimately brought into the current meta-analysis. It suggested that high miR-224 expression was significantly associated with poor OS in tissue (HR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.00-2.03). During multivariate analysis, high miR-224 expression was more significantly associated with OS in tissue (HR = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.91-4.13). Likewise, there were significant associations between tissue miR-224 expression and colorectal cancer (CRC), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and gastric cancer (GC) patients (p <0.05). Nevertheless, there were not significant associations between high tissue miR-224 expression and DFS (HR = 2.15, 95% CI = 0.97-4.79) or PFS (HR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.53-1.59)., Conclusion: As far as the present researches are concerned, tissue miR-224 has a significantly prognostic value in various cancers, especially in CRC, DLBCL and GC. Due to the complicated pathogenesis of cancers, more large-scale and standard researches are requisite., (Copyright © 2017 IMSS. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Previous articles have reported that expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with survival time of patients with gastric cancer (GC). A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to study the outcome of it., Design: Meta-analysis., Methods: English studies estimating expression levels of miRNAs with any of survival curves in GC were identified up till March 19, 2017 through performing online searches in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews by two authors independently. The pooled hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate the correlation between miRNA expression and overall survival (OS)., Results: Sixty-nine relevant articles about 26 miRNAs with 6148 patients were ultimately included. GC patients with high expression of miR-20b (HR=2.38, 95%CI=1.16-4.87), 21 (HR=1.77, 95%CI=1.01-3.08), 106b (HR=1.84, 95%CI=1.15-2.94), 196a (HR=2.66, 95%CI=1.94-3.63), 196b (HR=1.67, 95%CI=1.38-2.02), 214 (HR=1.84, 95%CI=1.27-2.67) or low expression of miR-125a (HR=2.06, 95%CI=1.26-3.37), 137 (HR=3.21, 95%CI=1.68-6.13), 141 (HR=2.47, 95%CI=1.34-4.56), 145 (HR=1.62, 95%CI=1.07-2.46), 146a (HR=2.60, 95%CI=1.63-4.13), 206 (HR=2.85, 95%CI=1.73-4.70), 218 (HR=2.61, 95%CI=1.74-3.92), 451 (HR=1.73, 95%CI=1.19-2.52), 486-5p (HR=2.45, 95%CI=1.65-3.65), 506 (HR=2.07, 95%CI=1.33-3.23) have significantly poor OS (P<0.05)., Conclusions: In summary, miR-20b, 21, 106b, 125a, 137, 141, 145, 146a, 196a, 196b, 206, 214, 218, 451, 486-5p and 506 demonstrate significantly prognostic value. Among them, miR-20b, 125a, 137, 141, 146a, 196a, 206, 218, 486-5p and 506 are strong biomarkers of prognosis in GC., Competing Interests: CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Purpose: Early marginal bone loss around dental implants has been found during the bone healing period before stage II surgery despite a lack of apparent cause, and the etiology of this bone loss is unclear. This study was designed to investigate whether interleukin-1 gene polymorphism is associated with the marginal bone loss around the implants before stage II., Materials and Methods: One hundred forty-three implants were placed in 59 patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) test group: with 1 or more marginal bone loss greater than 0.5 mm; and 2) control group: with marginal bone resorption less than 0.5 mm. Polymorphisms of the IL-1alpha and IL-1beta genes (IL-1A-889, IL-1B-511, and IL-1B+3954) were detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism using Ncol, AvaI, and TaqI digestion after polymerase chain reactions., Results: The frequency of IL-1B-511 II/II was significantly higher among patients in early marginal bone loss (+) group than those in early marginal bone loss (-) group (P < .05). Multiple logistic regressions showed the OR of the II/II versus the I/I+I/II of the IL-1B-511 genotype was 3.933 between the 2 groups. The difference was statistically significant (P < .05). There was no significant difference between the other risk factors., Conclusion: These results suggest that the IL-1B-511 II/II genotype in individuals is associated with early marginal bone loss around implants.

Objective: To compare the tilted abutment teeth restored with or without fixed bridge on stress distribution by anisotropic finite element method when the vertical and the oblique loads are simulated., Methods: Three-dimensional finite element model was constructed by using SCT image reconstruction technique, self-programming and ANSYS software with the anisotropic elasticity data. The static loads were simulated according to the restored and unrestored situation. The stress distribution and stress level of the second molar was recorded., Results: When the vertical static load was simulated, the stress distribution of the tilted abutment teeth was much improved. Tensile stresses appeared dominantly on the mesial apex of the second molar (31.0 Mpa) before restoration and on the distal apex of the second molar (20.2 Mpa) after restoration. When the oblique load was simulated, the stress distribution changed a little., Conclusion: The stress distribution of the tilted abutment can be improved by restorative techniques with the use of fixed bridge; however, the clinician should lower the height of the cusp to reduce the oblique load of the abutment.

Objective: To study the movement of long axis and the distribution of principal stress in the abutment teeth in removable partial denture which is retained by use of conical telescope., Methods: An ideal three dimensional finite element model was constructed by using SCT image reconstruction technique, self-programming and ANSYS software. The static loads were applied. The displacement of the long axis and the distribution of the principal stress in the abutment teeth was analyzed., Results: There is no statistic difference of displacenat and stress distribution among different three-dimensional finite element models. Generally, the abutment teeth move along the long axis itself. Similar stress distribution was observed in each three-dimensional finite element model. The maximal principal compressive stress was observed at the distal cervix of the second premolar., Conclusion: The abutment teeth can be well protected by use of conical telescope.

Objective: To investigate the effect of liposome-carried metallothionein (lipo-MT) on secondary ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat island flap., Methods: An abdominal island flap was created in the Wistar rat. The animals were divided into four groups: the sham group, the secondary ischemia-reperfusion group, the group treated with blank liposome and the group treated with lipo-MT. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was assayed immediately, at 30 minutes and 7 days after the secondary venous ischemia-reperfusion. The level of endothelin (ET) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) of the rat plasma was measured at 30 minutes after secondary venous ischemia-reperfusion. The content of MT of the flap was assayed by Cd-hemoglobin saturation method at 7 days after the operation., Results: The treatment of lipo-MT significantly decreased the content of MDA, MPO of the flap, decreased the activity of ET, LDH of the rat palsma, increased the content of MT of the flap and improved the flap viability., Conclusion: Lipo-MT can improve flap survival by reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective: To investigate a new technique for functional treatment of chronic facial paralysis., Methods: Based on anatomy of intramuscular neurovascular structure in the rectus femoris muscle, 7 consecutive patients with facial paralysis were treated by using a technique of microsurgically free-transferring neurovascular rectus femoris muscle segment to the face in one-stage. Follow-ups were 10 to 24 months., Results: All of the 7 patients showed significantly improvement in the appearance of the oral commissure and oral competence. No complications occurred in the donor site., Conclusions: The above mentioned technique may have the advantages of preventing the intramuscular nerve and vessel from the surgical injury during splitting the muscle. It could also maintain the transferred muscular segment in a proper tension in the recipient site.

Anopheles minimus was once a main malaria vector in Hainan Island and had been eliminated basically through the campaign of indoor residual spraying launched in 1959. It again became an incriminated vector of some focal malaria outbreaks in recent years. The present study was conducted in a selected county-Danxian and a typical hilly area-Feibar in the west part of Danxian county in 1989-1990. An. minimus was found in 50% and 62.5% of the surveyed sites at mountainous and hilly area of Danxian county, but not found in coastal region. An. minimus was found in all 18 sites surveyed in Feibar district, constituting 52% of anopheline composition. Man-biting rate made by human-baited collection was 3.2 before midnight and 38.2 when collected through whole night in some sites. However, the behaviour characteristics of An. minimus has changed. It has become exophilic, exophagic, and has an equal preference for man and cattle. The vectorial capacity of An. minimus estimated by quantitative data was in accord with malaria infection rate in Feibar district, and the malaria infection rate among the inhabitants in three types of residential quarter with different socioeconomic conditions. Malaria infection rates of residential quarter of land-reclamation outcomers, villagers and state farm residents were 10%, 2.9% and 0.5%, respectively during 40 days from July to August, 1990.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)