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Purpose: Despite a high rate of undernutrition in renal transplantation recipients, prognostic value of sarcopenia remains unclear. We evaluated the relation between sarcopenia and post-operative outcomes after renal transplantation., Methods: During 7 years, each patient who underwent renal transplantation was retrospectively included. Patients with no recent pre-operative CT-scan were excluded. Sarcopenia was evaluated by measuring the muscle surface area on CT-scan section passing through the third lumbar vertebra. Main outcomes were post-operative complications at 1 month and 1 year according to the Clavien-Dindo classification., Results: Overall, 102 patients were included. One month of complication rate was 63.9%. At 1 year, 60.8% experienced at least one medical complication and 29.4% one surgical complication. At 1 year post transplantation, low muscle density on CT scan was a surgical complication risk factor (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = [0.3-0.9], p = 0.05). The area under the curve of a 1-year complication predictive model including muscle density was 0.64. We did not observe significant relationship between CT-scan sarcopenia indicator and 1-month post-transplantation complication., Conclusion: Although no clear link between sarcopenia and complications was exhibited in our study, low CT-scan muscle density was associated with 1-year surgical complications. The role of muscle density and its relation with sarcopenia and post-transplantation outcomes should be further explored., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Background: Previous radiation for prostate cancer (PC) contra-indicates neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer (RC) because of risk of cumulative radiation dose toxicity. Postoperative outcomes after proctectomy have not been well studied in these patients who did not receive optimal treatment., Methods: Eighty-four consecutive male patients underwent surgery for stage II-III mid or low RC between 2002 and 2011. Patients who previously received radiation for PC (n = 8) and patients who had not previously undergone radiation for PC but who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for RC (n = 64) were retrospectively compared., Results: Previous radiation for PC was an independent factor that significantly increased intraoperative (25% vs. 1.6%, P = 0.002) and postoperative morbidities (62.5% vs. 28.1%, P = 0.028), anastomotic leakage (62.5% vs. 12.5%, P < 0.001) and definitive stoma rates (25% vs. 17.4%, P = 0.022). It significantly altered median overall survival (32.0 vs. 130.6 months, P = 0.05) and local recurrence-free survival rates (14.0 months vs. "median not reached," P = 0.016)., Conclusions: This is the first report of altered survival rates after proctectomy in patients who had previously received radiation for PC. Postoperative morbidity and definitive defunctioning stoma rates were significantly increased in these patients with poor prognoses. Therapeutic strategies should thus be individualized. Large, multicenter cohort studies are needed., (© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)