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IntroductionWaist circumference (WC) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) have been demonstrated as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Evidence is limited regarding the association of the combination of WC and FPG (WyG) with the risk of T2DM. The primary aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between WyG and T2DM.Research design and methodsThe current study was a population-based cohort study using data from the NAGALA database. Participants were divided into tertiles based on WyG. Cox proportional hazard regression model was applied to identify the association of WyG with T2DM.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 6.19 years in the normoglycemia group and 5.58 years in the prediabetes group, respectively, 88 and 285 individuals in the two groups received a diagnosis of T2DM. After full adjustment, risk of T2DM increased in step-wise fashion with increasing tertiles of WyG. For a per-SD increase in WyG, the hazard ratios for T2DM were 3.05 (95% CI 2.64 - 3.51) in all populations, 1.94 (95% CI 1.46 - 2.58) in the normoglycemia group and 1.63 (95% CI 1.40 - 1.90) in the prediabetes group. The interaction between WyG and fatty liver on T2DM was statistically significant in the prediabetes group (P for interaction = 0.034).ConclusionsElevated WyG was independently associated with incident T2DM in Japan. Baseline WyG help identify individuals at high risk of T2DM and implement effective preventive measures.

The expanding geriatric population, whose predisposition toward disabling morbidities and age-related diseases (ARD) is well-documented, has become a paramount social issue, exerting an onerous burden on both the healthcare industry and wider society. ARD manifest as the progressive deterioration of bodily tissues and organs, eventually resulting in the failure of these vital components. At present, no efficacious measures exist to hinder the onset of ARD. Copper, an essential trace element, is involved in a wide range of physiological processes across different cell types. In recent research, a novel variant of copper-dependent cell death, termed cuproptosis, has been identified. This mode of cellular demise stands apart from previously recognized types of cell death. Cuproptosis occurs when copper binds with acyl-CoA synthetase in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, resulting in protein aggregation and protein toxicity stress, ultimately leading to cell death. In this paper, we provide a concise overview of the current understanding concerning the metabolism of copper, copper-related diseases, the hallmarks of copper toxicity, and the mechanisms that regulate copper toxicity. Additionally, we discuss the implications of cuproptosis mutations in the development of ARD, as well as the potential for targeting cuproptosis as a treatment for ARD.

BackgroundBody mass index (BMI) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) are known risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but data on the prospective association of the combination of BMI and FPG with T2DM are limited. This study sought to characterize the association of the combination of BMI and FPG (ByG) with T2DM.MethodsThe current study used the NAGALA database. We categorized participants by tertiles of ByG. The association of ByG with T2DM was expressed with hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjustment for potential risk factors.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 6.19 years in the normoglycemia cohort and 5.58 years in the prediabetes cohort, the incidence of T2DM was 0.75% and 7.79%, respectively. Following multivariable adjustments, there were stepwise increases in T2DM with increasing tertiles of ByG. After a similar multivariable adjustment, the risk of T2DM was 2.57 (95% CI 2.26 - 2.92), 1.97 (95% CI 1.53 - 2.54) and 1.50 (95% CI 1.30 - 1.74) for a per-SD change in ByG in all populations, the normoglycemia cohort and the prediabetes cohort, respectively.ConclusionByG was associated with an increased risk of T2DM in Japan. The result reinforced the importance of the combination of BMI and FPG in assessing T2DM risk.

BackgroundSeveral studies have verified that a high baseline TG/HDL-C ratio is a risk factor for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, for low baseline TG/HDL-C levels, the findings were inconsistent with ours. In addition, the association between baseline TG/HDL-C ratio and the risk of incident T2DM in Japanese men with normal glycemic levels is unclear. As a result, our study further investigated the relationship between baseline TG/HDL-C and the risk of incident T2DM in Japanese men with normal glycemic levels.MethodsThis was a secondary longitudinal cohort study. We selected 7,684 male participants between 2004 and 2015 from the NAGALA database. A standardized Cox regression model and two piecewise Cox regression models were used to explore the relationship between the baseline high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) and incident T2DM.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 2,282 days, 162 men developed incident T2DM. In the adjusted model, the baseline TG/HDL-C ratio was strongly associated with the risk of incident T2DM, and no dose-dependent positive association was observed between the baseline TG/HDL-C ratio and incidence of T2DM throughout the baseline TG/HDL-C quartiles. Two-piecewise linear regression analysis showed a U-shaped association between baseline TG/HDL-C ratio and incidence of incident T2DM. A baseline TG/HDL-C ratio below 1.188 was negatively associated with incident T2DM (H.R. = 0.105, 95% CI = 0.025, 0.451; P = 0.002). In contrast, a baseline TG/HDL-C ratio >1.188 was positively associated with incident T2DM (H.R. = 1.248, 95% CI = 1.113, 1.399; P

BackgroundDiabetes has become a global public health problem. Obesity has been established as a risk factor for diabetes. However, it remains unclear which of the obesity indicators (BMI, WC, WhtR, ABSI, BRI, LAP, VAI) is more appropriate for monitoring diabetes. Therefore, the objective of this investigation is to compare the strength of the association of these indicators and diabetes and reveal the relationship between LAP and diabetes.Methods15,252 people took part in this research. LAP was quartered and COX proportional risk model was applied to explore the relationship between LAP and new-onset diabetes. Smooth curve fitting was employed to investigate the non-linear link between LAP and diabetes mellitus. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive ability of the aforementioned indicators for diabetes.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounding factors, multiple linear regression analysis showed that each unit increase in LAP was associated with a 76.8% increase in the risk of developing diabetes (HR=1.768, 95% CI: 1.139 to 2.746, P=0.011). In addition, LAP predicted new-onset diabetes better than other indicators, and the AUC was the largest [HR: 0.713, 95% CI: 0.6806-0.7454, P

2, 5-dichloro-1, 4-benuinone (2, 5-DCBQ) is an emerging disinfection by-product belonging to the class of halobenzoquinones (HBQs). However, there is limited evidence regarding the neurotoxic effects of 2, 5-DCBQ. To better understand the toxicological mechanisms of aquatic organisms, zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0.2 mg/L, 0.4 mg/L, and 0.6 mg/L of 2, 5-DCBQ from 4 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 120 hpf. Developmental defects, such as reduced body length, decreased heart rate, decreased pigmentation, and abnormal motor axon structure was observed. In particular, the locomotor activity of zebrafish larvae reduced with exposure to increasing 2, 5-DCBQ concentrations, and this effect was more pronounced under dark stimulation. The results indicated that the genes associated with neuronal development (gfap, mbp, syn2a, elavl3, ache, and a1-tubulin) were significantly downregulated after treatment with 2, 5-DCBQ. Furthermore, the KEGG result showed the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and apoptosis pathways were visibly disrupted, and we found acetylcholinesterase activity was also affected. In summary, the disinfection by-product, 2, 5-DCBQ, exhibits neurodevelopmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos, providing novel evidence for comprehensive analyses of its toxicity.

Abstract Background Because its metastasis to the lymph nodes are closely related to poor prognosis, miRNAs and mRNAs can serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to identify novel gene signatures in the lymph node metastasis of CRC. Methods GSE56350, GSE70574, and GSE95109 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, while data from 569 colorectal cancer cases were also downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) were calculated using R programming language (Version 3.6.3), while gene ontology and enrichment analysis of target mRNAs were performed using FunRich ( http://www.funrich.org ). Furthermore, the mRNA–miRNA network was constructed using Cytoscape software (Version 3.8.0). Gene expression levels were verified using the GEO datasets. Similarly, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to examine expression profiles from 20 paired non-metastatic and metastatic lymph node tissue samples obtained from patients with CRC. Results In total, five DE-miRNAs were selected, and 34 mRNAs were identified after filtering the results. Moreover, two key miRNAs (hsa-miR-99a, hsa-miR-100) and one gene (heparan sulfate-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 2 [HS3ST2]) were identified. The GEO datasets analysis and qPCR results showed that the expression of key miRNA and genes were consistent with that obtained from the bioinformatic analysis. A novel miRNA–mRNA network capable of predicting the prognosis and confirmed experimentally, hsa-miR-99a-HS3ST2-hsa-miR-100, was found after expression analysis in metastasized lymph node tissue from CRC samples. Conclusion In summary, miRNAs and genes with potential as biomarkers were found and a novel miRNA–mRNA network was established for CRC lymph node metastasis by systematic bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation. This network may be used as a potential biomarker in the development of lymph node metastatic CRC.

Action recognition is the basic task for video understanding. Although the action recognition has achieved impressive performance in the static image-based task (e.g. Stanford40) with deep learning, real-time video-based action recognition is still a challenging task due to video's high complexity and computation cost. Motivated by human's recognition ability with only a short glance, we propose the fast light-weighted Temporal Memory Network (TMNet) to achieve real-time video action recognition. The TMNet has a self-supervised structure for exploring both spatial and temporal information with a single video frame. TMNet has three main parts, the base backbone, the regression branch, and the classification branch. Specifically, the base backbone network is a shallow 2D CNN network to obtain the video's initial feature sequences. The classification branch is based on existing successful video recognition models(e.g. TSN, I3D). To make the TMNet learn the spatial-temporal information at a lower cost, we add a self-supervised regression branch. This branch is based on light-weighted 2D CNN and only uses one frame as input. In the training stage, the input of TMNet is a video sequence, the classification branch combined with the base backbone is responsible for learning the video sequence's spatial-temporal feature. Meanwhile, the self-supervised regression branch aims to learn the same spatial-temporal feature under the supervision of the classification branch's output. And the regression branch's input is a single-frame feature sampled from the encoded video sequence. In this way, the regression branch is forced to learn temporal information of adjacent frames with one frame. Therefore, TMNet only needs one frame to predict each video's spatial-temporal information in the inference stage. Finally, TMNet can achieve real-time action recognition and better accuracy by extracting temporal information from a static image. Abundant ablation experiments demonstrate TMNet has a good trade-off between accuracy and speed.

Cancer is one of the main causes of human death worldwide. Recently, many studies have firmly established the causal relationship between oxidative stress and cancer initiation and progression. As a key protein in PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, p-AKT (phosphorylated Akt) participates in the process of oxidative stress and plays a prognostic role in various hematologic tumors and solid tumors. We conducted a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane libraries to identify studies published in the past decade involving cancer patients expressing p-AKT that reported overall survival (OS) during follow-up. In this study, 6,128 patients in total were evaluated from 29 enrolled articles, and we concluded that overexpression of p-AKT was closely related to worse OS in cancer patients with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.33 (95% CI: 1.67–4.00). Furthermore, we conducted a subgroup analysis, and the results indicated that overexpression of p-AKT was associated with worse OS in hematological tumor (HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.41–1.92), and solid tumor (HR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.61–5.26). High expression of p-AKT is related to poor prognosis of various hematologic tumors and solid tumors.

Background: In recent years, more and more studies have shown that various inflammatory factors have predictive effects on the prognosis of various human tumors. However, the prognostic role of interleukin 18 (IL-18) remains controversial. Furthermore, its role in radiation-induced injuries relating to radiotherapy (RT) is also unclear. In this study, we conducted the meta-analysis to clarify its roles in prognosis of human tumors and radiation-induced injuries relating to RT. Methods: We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library to identify studies published before November 2019 involving patients with cancer expressing IL-18 and which reported overall survival (OS) during the follow-up period. Results: A total of 1376 samples from 16 studies showed that high expression of IL-18 is closely related to prognosis and OS for patients with carcinoma (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.81-2.49; P = .04; random-effect model). In addition, subgroup analysis proved that high expression of IL-18 was related to poor OS of hematologic tumor (HR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.44-2.86, P < .00001), hepatocellular carcinoma (HR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.38-2.86, P = .0002), and gastric cancer (HR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.12-3.57, P = .02). Conclusions: High expression of IL-18 is related with poor prognosis of carcinoma.

Meso-structure is an important factor affecting the characteristics of rock fracture. To determine the factors influencing the internal meso-structural characteristics upon the crack generation and extension, rock samples were tested under uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading and examined using computed tomography (CT) scanning. CT scanning was used to visualize and investigate the entire process of fracture source generation and its development in three dimensions, and finally the location information of the fracture source was determined. The mineral composition and structure along the fracture path inside the specimen were studied by using a polarizing microscope, and the evolution of fracture propagation around mineral particles was revealed based on its mineralogical characteristics. Results indicate that based on the fracture source around different rock meso-structure types, the initial fracture source can also be divided into different types, namely, the primary porosity type, the micro-crack type, and the mineral grain type. The strength characteristics of mineral grains can determine whether the crack extends around the gravel or through it. The hard grains at the crack-tip promote the transformation of tensile stress to shear stress, which lead to the change in the direction of crack extension and bifurcation. The spatial shape of the cracks after rock fracture is related to the initial distribution of minerals and is more complicated in areas where minerals are concentrated. The crack extension around gravel particles also generates a mode of failure, affecting large grains with gravel spalling from the matrix. The findings provide a study basis for identifying the potentially dangerous areas and provide early warning for the safety of underground engineering construction operations.

A novel photonics-based channelization approach is proposed for broadband radio frequency (RF) spectrum measurement with a single optical frequency comb, sliced coherent detection (SCD), and improved fast fourier transform-based digital signal processing. Through SCD, channel estimation and spectrum stitching, a broadband and complex RF spectrum can be detected and reconstructed with vector information in a high fidelity. A two-channel architecture as a proof of concept is characterized numerically with up to 40 GHz operation bandwidth, ≤12.5 GHz analysis bandwidth per channel, 113 dB·Hz2/3 spurious free dynamic range, and 161 dB·Hz linear dynamic range. The potentials for further system developments in practice are also discussed.