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Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), a single-gene-inherited kidney disease, is a common cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The PKD1 gene mutation is the most common cause of ADPKD, accounting for approximately 78% of cases. ADPKD is characterized by the scattered distribution of multiple cysts in the renal parenchyma, ultimately leading to ESKD. We collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a patient with ADPKD who carries a heterozygous PKD1 mutation and reprogrammed them into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). iPSC lines can provide a valuable resource for studying the pathogenesis of ADPKD and for drug screening purposes.

Abstract Chiral iridium (III) complexes are very important for the preparation of circularly polarized organic diodes light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs). Three novel iridium (III) complexes, Ir(dnfppy)2(Cl/pyrrole), Ir(dfppy)2(dpp), and Ir(tfmqz)2(sdpp), have been synthesized and characterized, respectively. These iridium (III) complexes emitted deep‐blue, blue, and red photoluminescence with high quantum yields (Ir(dnfppy)2(Cl/Pyrrole): λmax = 447 nm, F = 62.4%; Ir(dfppy)2(dpp): λmax = 467 nm, F = 25%; Ir(tfmqz)2(sdpp): λmax = 609 nm, F = 73.7%). Compared with Ir(dnfppy)2(Cl/pyrrole), the HOMO energy levels of Ir(dfppy)2(dpp) and Ir(tfmqz)2(sdpp) were calculated to be −5.71/−5.73 eV, and the LUMO energy levels were increased to be −2.75/−3.36 eV, respectively. The circular dichroism spectra of two pairs of the enantiomers for Ir(dfppy)2(dpp) or Ir(tfmqz)2(sdpp) displayed symmetry with opposite polarization between 300 and 600 nm. The maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of OLEDs based on Ir(tfmpqz)2(sddp) was 13.8%, showing a relatively low efficiency roll‐off with the EQE of 10.7% at 5000 cd/m2.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), one of the dominating constituents of tumor microenvironment, are important contributors to cancer progression and treatment resistance. Therefore, regulation of TAMs polarization from M2 phenotype towards M1 phenotype has emerged as a new strategy for tumor immunotherapy. Herein, we successfully initiated antitumor immunotherapy by inhibiting TAMs M2 polarization via autophagy intervention with polyethylene glycol-conjugated gold nanoparticles (PEG-AuNPs). PEG-AuNPs suppressed TAMs M2 polarization in both in vitro and in vivo models, elicited antitumor immunotherapy and inhibited subcutaneous tumor growth in mice. As demonstrated by the mRFP-GFP-LC3 assay and analyzing the autophagy-related proteins (LC3, beclin1 and P62), PEG-AuNPs induced autophagic flux inhibition in TAMs, which is attributed to the PEG-AuNPs induced lysosome alkalization and membrane permeabilization. Besides, TAMs were prone to polarize towards M2 phenotype following autophagy activation, whereas inhibition of autophagic flux could reduce the M2 polarization of TAMs. Our results revealed a mechanism underlying PEG-AuNPs induced antitumor immunotherapy, where PEG-AuNPs reduce TAMs M2 polarization via induction of lysosome dysfunction and autophagic flux inhibition. This study elucidated the biological effects of nanomaterials on TAMs polarization and provided insight into harnessing the intrinsic immunomodulation capacity of nanomaterials for effective cancer treatment.

Purpose Tumor RNA vaccines can activate dendritic cells to generate systemic anti-tumor immune response. However, due to easily degraded of RNA, direct RNA vaccine is less effective. In this study, we optimized the method for preparing PEGylated liposom-polycationic DNA complex (LPD) nanoliposomes, increased encapsulate amount of total RNA derived from CT-26 colorectal cancer cells. Tumor RNA LPD nanoliposomes vaccines improved anti-tumor immune response ability of tumor RNA and can effectively promote anti-tumor therapeutic effect of oxaliplatin. Methods Total tumor-derived RNA was extracted from colorectal cancer cells (CT-26 cells), and loaded to our optimized the LPD complex, resulting in the LPD nanoliposomes. We evaluated the characteristics (size, zeta potential, and stability), cytotoxicity, transfection ability, and tumor-growth inhibitory efficacy of LPD nanoliposomes. Results The improved LPD nanoliposomes exhibited a spherical shape, RNA loading efficiency of 9.07%, the average size of 120.37 ± 2.949 nm and zeta potential was 3.34 ± 0.056 mV. Also, the improved LPD nanoliposomes showed high stability at 4 °C, with a low toxicity and high cell transfection efficacy toward CT-26 colorectal cancer cells. Notably, the improved LPD nanoliposomes showed tumor growth inhibition by activating anti-tumor immune response in CT-26 colorectal cancer bearing mice, with mini side effects toward the normal organs of mice. Furthermore, the effect of the improved LPD nanoliposomes in combination with oxaliplatin can be better than that of oxaliplatin alone. Conclusion The improved LPD nanoliposomes may serve as an effective vaccine to induce antitumor immunity, presenting a new treatment option for colorectal cancer.

The COL7A1 gene mutation causes type VII collagen dysfunction, which subsequently leads to recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB). Patients who suffer from RDEB experience severe blisters and chronic trauma, which can eventually result in serious infection and the development of fatal squamous cell carcinoma. In our study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from an RDEB patient with the COL7A1 compound heterozygous mutation were collected and then reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). The RDEB iPSC line can provide a cellular resource for the study of pathogenesis and drug screening.

Abstract Electro‐mechanical actuators with redundancy design use a cross‐coupling control strategy to enhance the coordinated control capability of the aviation motors. Due to its linear control characteristic, traditional cross‐coupling control reveals moderate dynamic response performance and synchronisation control accuracy. To further reduce the susceptibility to load torque and parameter perturbations in the application of a dual permanent magnet synchronous motor system, this paper proposes a non‐linear active disturbance rejection control (ADRC)‐based synchronisation control strategy. Considering the low gain problem of traditional ADRC when the speed tracking error is large, a non‐linear ADRC speed controller with an efal function is designed. Meanwhile, a Levant differentiator is proposed to improve the speed tracking performance during dynamic processes. Moreover, a non‐linear synchronous controller with current constraints is applied to the cross‐coupling control to enhance the synchronisation convergence performance of the dual‐PMSM system. Finally, simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed non‐linear ADRC speed synchronisation control.

Objective: This research aims to develop and validate a collaborative RP-HPLC method, with input from key industry players, for the simultaneous determination of modafinil and scopolamine hydrobromide in compound sublingual tablets. The focus is on ensuring the safety and efficacy of these substances for enhancing the physical and cognitive fitness of athletes and players. Method: Utilizing a C18 chromatographic column (200mmx4.6mm, 5μm), the method employs a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (25:75) with 0.02mol/L ammonium acetate and 0.02% triethylamine, pH adjusted to 6.0. The flow rate was set at 1 mL/min, detection at 225 nm wavelength, and an injection volume of 20 μL.Results: Scopolamine hydrobromide showed a linear range of 1-50 μg/mL, with a standard curve equation of A=0.2187C+0.0708 (R²=0.9993), and modafinil exhibited a range of 10-500 μg/mL, with A=0.6702C-1.6855 (R²=0.9993). Both substances demonstrated average recoveries of over 99%, within acceptable variance limits, signifying reliable quantification for fitnessrelated applications. Conclusion: The developed method is sensitive, precise, accurate, and reproducible, conforming to the standards of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition). It is particularly valuable for monitoring the quality of substances used by athletes and players to ensure their safe application in enhancing fitness and performance. The method benefits significantly from the collaboration with industry experts, addressing the specific needs of fitness and sports professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a nonlinear dynamic modeling method based on the lumped mass approach to address the challenge of modeling the vibrations of the output external gear and internal gear plate in an aerospace three-ring gear reducer. A vibration model of bending–torsion coupling with 12 degrees of freedom was established by comprehensively considering factors such as the time-varying meshing stiffness, gear transmission error, tooth side clearance, bearing support stiffness, and damping. Finite element modal analysis and vibration test results verified the vibration model’s accuracy and applicability, indicating that the model is both precise and valid. The vibration model was solved using the fourth-order, five-level Runge–Kutta method. The results show that the symmetrical arrangement design of the internal gear plate cancels the vibrations in all directions and suppresses the vibration displacement response on the output shaft.

With high-frequency, low power dissipation and high-efficiency characteristics, Gallium nitride (GaN) power devices are of significant benefit in designing high-speed motor drives, as they improve performance and reduce weight. However, due to the cascode structure, coupling with the parasitics in gate driver and power circuits, power converters based on cascode GaN are prone to overshoot and oscillate on switching waveforms, which may lead to serious EMC problems, or even device breakdown. The complicated structure of cascode GaN device makes the gate driver design comparatively complex. An analytical model of the switching process considering gate driver parameters is proposed in this article. The influence of gate driver parameters on switching behavior is investigated from the perspective of switching speed, waveform overshoot, and power loss. Trade-offs among overshoot, switching speed, and power loss are discussed; guidelines to design gate driver parameters are given.

Abstract The utilization of novel cascode GaN devices can significantly increase the power density and the efficiency of convertors. However, owing to high switching speed (high dv/dt or di/dt) and inevitable parasitic inductance in device packages and external circuits, cascode GaN devices are more prone to oscillate, resulting in voltage overshoot, electromagnetic interference (EMI), and even device breakdown, which reduces the reliability of the drive system. Therefore, effective suppression of the switching oscillation becomes highly critical. This paper presents an integrated modelling and a parameter design method for cascode GaN‐based bridge convertors. Firstly, a high‐frequency equivalent circuit model is derived for the switching oscillation of cascode GaN‐based bridge convertors. Secondly, a quantitative RC snubber parameter design method is established based on root locus analysis, which makes up for defects of the previous trial‐and‐error empirical method. Then impacts of the RC snubber on power loss and EMI are also studied, with the optimal snubber resistance and capacitance obtained by minimizing power loss. Finally, the effect of oscillation suppression is verified by simulation and experiment, and results show good agreement with the theoretical analysis.

In order to improve the evaluation process of inverter open-circuit faults diagnosis in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives, this paper presents a diagnosis method based on current residuals and machine learning models. The machine learning models are introduced to make a comprehensive evaluation for the current residuals obtained from a state observer, instead of evaluating the residuals by comparing with thresholds. Meanwhile, fault diagnosis and location are conducted simultaneously by the machine learning models, which simplifies the diagnosis process. Besides, a sampling strategy is designed to implement the proposed scheme online. Experiments are carried out on a DSP based PMSM drive, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.

In order to improve the performance of marine centrifugal pump, a centrifugal pump whose specific speed is 66.7 was selected for the research. Outlet diameter D2, outlet width b2, blade outlet angle β2, blade wrap φ and blade number z of the impeller were chosen as the variables. The maximum weighted average efficiency and the minimum vibration intensity at the base were calculated as objectives. Based on the Latin Hypercube method, the impeller was numerically optimized. The numerical results show that after optimization, the amplitudes of pressure fluctuation on the main frequency at different monitoring points decrease in varying degrees. The radial force on impeller decreases obviously under off-design flow rates and is more symmetrical during the operation of the pump. The variation of the axial force is relatively small, which has no obvious relationship with the rotating angle of the impeller. The energy performance and vibration experiment was performed for verifying. The test results show that the weighted average efficiency under 0.8Qd, 1.0Qd and 1.2Qd increases by 4.3% after optimization. The maximal vibration intensity at M1-M4 on the pump base reduced from 0.36 mm/s to 0.25 mm/s, decreasing by 30.5%. In addition, the vibration velocities of bracket in pump side and outlet flange also have significant reductions.

This paper proposes a position sensorless control technique for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) used in rail transit application, where a segmented synchronous modulation (SSM) is usually applied. The arbitrary signal injection-based sensorless control is adopted to estimate rotor position. In a switching period, an oversampling technique is used to obtain the average current slope that contains the rotor position information during the active voltage-vector operation. In SSM, the hysteresis zone is set near the carrier ratio (CR) switching critical point to eliminate the influence of the repeated oscillation on the current measurement accuracy. Furthermore, a load disturbance compensation method is designed so that the failure of hysteresis zone is avoided. Through the analysis of power spectral density (PSD) of phase current, the optimization of harmonic energy distribution with hysteresis zone is also verified. The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the position estimation precision during the fast CR transition, which can be effectively applied in SSM.

As a critical indictor in the Battery Management System (BMS), State of Charge (SOC) is closely related to the reliable and safe operation of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. Model-based methods are an effective solution for accurate and robust SOC estimation, the performance of which heavily relies on the battery model. This paper mainly focuses on battery modeling methods, which have the potential to be used in a model-based SOC estimation structure. Battery modeling methods are classified into four categories on the basis of their theoretical foundations, and their expressions and features are detailed. Furthermore, the four battery modeling methods are compared in terms of their pros and cons. Future research directions are also presented. In addition, after optimizing the parameters of the battery models by a Genetic Algorithm (GA), four typical battery models including a combined model, two RC Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM), a Single Particle Model (SPM), and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) battery model are compared in terms of their accuracy and execution time.