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Is SBIRT (i.e., screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment) effective for reducing alcohol use in adolescents? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No-show rates were examined in coordinated and collocated integrated models of behavioral health care. Coordinated behavioral health care was provided in a location different from the primary care physician while [...]

Burnout among graduate medical education (GME) faculty is a well-documented phenomenon, but few studies have explored the relationship between faculty time allocation and burnout. Our objectives were to (1) characterize time allocation of academic family physicians, (2) measure the difference between actual versus preferred time spent on various tasks, and (3) examine this difference in relation to burnout. From January to March 2017, family medicine GME faculty across Texas completed anonymous online surveys for burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory) and occupational stress (Primary Care Provider Stress Checklist). They also reported the percentage of time they actually versus prefer to allocate across 5 categories of tasks: direct patient care, nondirect clinical duties, teaching, administration, and research. Difference scores between actual and preferred time allocation were calculated and correlated with burnout and stress scores. Of the faculty physicians surveyed, 53% provided complete responses (103 of 195). On average they engaged in their preferred amount of time on direct patient care (30% of their time) and administrative duties (15%). Meanwhile, faculty preferred to increase time spent teaching (37% to 41%, P =.002) and conducting research (4% to 7%, P ≤.001), while reducing time spent on nondirect clinical duties (14% to 7%, P <.001). Those with higher misalignment in their weekly schedules reported higher levels of professional burnout and occupational stress. Many family medicine GME faculty spent 20% or more of their time in a manner incongruent with their preferences, which may place them at higher risk for burnout and occupational stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients who have contracted COVID-19 experience alarming rates of severe illness, medical complications, and mortality compared with that observed in other respiratory diseases such as influenza. In addition, those who have recovered from COVID-19 are at higher risk of lasting medical complications postdischarge. Importantly, many of these physical complications are likely to cause, and in turn be exacerbated by, psychological complications experienced as a function of illness, extended hospitalization, ventilation, and rigorous quarantine measures. At this time, little is known about the nature and prevalence of these complications, or treatment approaches psychologists may use in providing intervention. Nevertheless, it is possible to identify some of the most likely psychological concerns based on the literature of similar disease states and on psychological sequelae that typically occur following extended intensive care unit (ICU) stays in general. In this article, we characterize psychological presentations likely to be experienced by patients recently discharged from COVID treatment in the ICU based on the review of relevant literature. Specifically, we focus on the domains of: (a) medical trauma, acute stress reaction and posttraumatic stress, (b) cognitive deficits, (c) fatigue and depression, (d) social stress and readjustment, and (e) illness anxiety. Within each characterized domain, we provide empirically supported treatment recommendations for psychologists should they encounter postdischarge COVID patients seeking psychological treatment in outpatient or telehealth settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Injustice perception has emerged as a risk factor for problematic musculoskeletal pain outcomes. Despite the prevalence and impact of chronic low back pain (CLBP), no study has addressed injustice appraisals specifically among individuals with CLBP. In addition, despite racial/ethnic disparities in pain, existing injustice research has relied almost exclusively on white/Caucasian participant samples. The current study examined the associations between perceived injustice and pain, disability, and depression in a diverse community sample of individuals with CLBP (N = 137) -51 (37.2%) white, 43 (31.4%) Hispanic, 43 (31.4%) black or African American). Anger variables were tested as potential mediators of these relationships. Controlling for demographic and pain-related covariates, perceived injustice accounted for unique variance in self-reported depression and disability outcomes, but not pain intensity. State and trait anger, and anger inhibition mediated the association between perceived injustice and depression; no additional mediation by anger was observed. Significant racial differences were also noted. Compared with white and Hispanic participants, black participants reported higher levels of perceived injustice related to CLBP, as well as higher depression and pain-related disability. Black participants also reported higher pain intensity than white participants. Current findings provide initial evidence regarding the role of injustice perception specifically in the context of CLBP and within a racially diverse participant sample. Results highlight the need for greater diversity within injustice and CLBP research as well as research regarding socially informed antecedents of injustice appraisals. Perspective: Perceived injustice predicted worse outcomes in CLBP, with effects partially mediated by anger. Black participants reported worse pain outcomes and higher injustice perception than their white or Hispanic counterparts. Given racial inequities within broader health and pain-specific outcomes, this topic is critical for CLBP and perceived injustice research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]