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Alternative solutions must be studied when the costs and weight of the constructive solution are inhibiting factors (for owners, designers, investors and different parties involved). The increasing importance given today to the environmental compatibility leads designers to combine both the use of energy efficient materials and technical solutions to maximize savings. Membrane building technologies are interesting alternatives in cases where the use of conventional/ traditional building options is limited, especially for its weight. This research intends to evaluate in what measure the membrane solutions can constitute an economical and environmental alternative to conventional rooftops extensions solutions, presenting a new outcome for the state of the art of lightweight design/ building applications field. For this, an old building from the 19th century, located in Porto (Portugal) was selected as case study and different solutions were applied to., First author thanks to FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia Portugal), MCE (Ministério da Educação e Ciência Portugal) and ESF (European Social Fund) for supporting the research fellowship with the reference SFRH/BD/104891/2014; and, with other authors, thanks the financial support from the Project UID/AUR/04509/2013 by FCTMEC by national funding and FEDER cofinancing under the new PT2020 partnership agreement - Lab2PT, School of Architecture/ University of Minho, Portugal and Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007457 - CONSTRUCT - Institute of R&D In Structures and Construction of Faculty of Engineering/ University of Porto, Portugal, funded by FEDER funds through COMPETE2020.

SFRH/BD/104891/2014, In the research framework of the use of architectural membranes on functional buildings rehabilitation, stands out interventions on industrial heritage. In this study 9 representative projects of this intervention’s type are analyzed, according with programmatic, constructive and economic parameters. It was found that most of these buildings are located in Europe and were converted into cultural or office activities. The results of this analysis highlight the adequated performance of architectural membranes, as a high degree of adaptability/reversibility with respect to the pre-existences, allowing, in general, light interventions., No âmbito da utilização de membranas arquitetónicas na reabilitação funcional de edifícios, destacam-se as intervenções sobre o património industrial. No presente estudo são analisados 9 projetos representativos deste tipo de intervenções, de acordo com parâmetros programaticos, construtivos e economicos. Verificou-se que a maioria deste património localiza-se na Europa e foi convertido para atividades culturais ou escritorios. Os resultados desta análise realçam o desempenho adequado das membranas arquitetónicas, como o elevado grau de adaptabilidade/reversibilidade em relação ao edificio pre-existente, permitindo, intervenções ligeiras., info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

SFRH/BD/104891/2014, No âmbito da utilização de membranas arquitetónicas na reabilitação funcional de edifícios, destacam-se as intervenções sobre o património industrial. No presente estudo são analisados 9 projetos representativos deste tipo de intervenções, de acordo com parâmetros contextuais, climaticos e funcionais. Os resultados desta análise realçam o desempenho adequado das membranas arquitetónicas, em particular das estratégias adotadas para melhoria dos aspetos funcionais., In the research framework of the use of architectural membranes on functional buildings rehabilitation, stands out interventions on industrial heritage. In this study 9 representative projects of this intervention’s type are analyzed, according with contextual, climatic and functional parameters. The results of this analysis highlight the adequated performance of architectural membranes, namely of the adopted strategies to improve the functional aspects., info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Este trabalho de investigação pretende dar um contributo no campo das técnicas não destrutivas de inspecção e de diagnóstico de vigas antigas de madeira. Para o efeito, correlacionou-se os resultados obtidos através do uso do resistógrafo e da termografia no estudo de uma viga recolhida num edifício de habitação unifamiliar que foi sujeito a um processo de remodelação. Verificou-se que poderá haver uma cerca correlação entre ensaios. Contudo, também se recomenda a realização de um número mais expressivo de ensaios de amostras para ser possível apresentar uma conclusão mais fidedigna. A relevância desta possível correlação prende-se com o facto de poder haver uma alternância na realização destes ensaios consoante os condicionalismos do cenário de obra.

In general, timber pavements are the main horizontal structural elements of the Portuguese traditional buildings. Since these types of buildings required to be preserved, the maintenance of timber pavements is crucial. However and unfortunately, the demolition of the interior of traditional buildings still is a current building option in rehabilitation processes. This building scenario is more expressive in private estate, in particular, in private dwellings. This option may be due to the lack of technical knowledge concerning timber pavements. Therefore, this paper intends to give a contribution in this matter by proposing an expedite methodology able to assess the structural vulnerability of these types of horizontal structural elements. Mapping the different structural vulnerability degrees of a traditional timber pavement may give guidance for maintenance, inspection and/or reinforcement design processes.

In general, timber pavements are the main horizontal structural elements of the Portuguese traditional buildings. Since these types of buildings required to be preserved, the maintenance of timber pavements is crucial. However and unfortunately, the demolition of the interior of traditional buildings still is a current building option in rehabilitation processes. This building scenario is more expressive in private estate, in particular, in private dwellings. This option may be due to the lack of technical knowledge concerning timber pavements. Therefore, this paper intends to give a contribution in this matter by proposing an expedite methodology able to assess the structural vulnerability of these types of horizontal structural elements. Mapping the different structural vulnerability degrees of a traditional timber pavement may give guidance for maintenance, inspection and/or reinforcement design processes.

Assessment of existing buildings making use of numerical simulation methods, even under the hypothesis of full knowledge of current conditions and materials, it is not an easy and straightforward task due to the limitations and complexities of such analysis tools. In this chapter, a discussion of different approaches for the simulation of structural response is introduced and applied to two of the most common building typologies: masonry structures and reinforced concrete frames. Following a brief introduction of the problematic, an overview of different modelling possibilities for masonry structures is presented. Afterwards, choices made during numerical modelling are discussed, based mainly on the finite element method. Moreover, the problematic of different modelling techniques is addressed, where some paths and best practices are suggested. The last section is devoted to the response simulation of reinforced concrete structures. Efficient frame elements and sectional models, which allow capturing an extended range of elastic and inelastic response, are analysed first. Strut-and-tie modelling is then recalled as a powerful analysis tool, and its application to the assessment of old buildings is studied.