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Introdução: A tuberculose é uma doença que pode se apresentar com diversidade clínica, mimetizando outras patologias, a depender do órgão acometido. Dentre os casos, 90% apresentam a forma pulmonar, manifestando-se com tosse prolongada, astenia, fadiga, e perda de peso, raramente apresentaram manifestações endócrino metabólicas, porém são descritas: insuficiência adrenal, secreção inapropriada do hormônio antidiurético (SIHAD), hipercalcemia, tireoidopatias e hipopituitarismo. A SIHAD, ocorre por mecanismos patológicos em que o aumento do hormônio vasopressina, acarreta em inibição da diurese e consequentemente diluição do sódio. Objetivo: O presente trabalho busca contribuir com a comunidade científica, relatando manifestação incomum da tuberculose pulmonar. Método: Relato de caso realizado no Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo - IAMSPE, aplicado o Termo de Comprometimento Livre e Esclarecido. Resultados: Masculino, 67 anos, hipertenso, diabético tipo 2, em uso de losartana e metformina, interna em enfermaria de Doenças do Aparelho Respiratório para tratamento de Tuberculose Pulmonar, em uso do esquema RIPE, dose otimizada. Evolui com hiponatremia de 118 mg/dl, assintomático, de forma crônica. Exames laboratoriais revelam hiponatremia hiposmolar, osmolaridade sérica de 258 mOsm/L, osmolaridade urinária 344 mOsm/Kg, paciente euvolêmico, com perda urinária de sódio, ACTH, função tireoideana e cortisol, dentro dos valores de referência, marcadores tumorais dentro da normalidade e sorologias negativas. Exames de imagem revelam tomografia de tórax com árvore em brotamento e caverna, tomografia de abdome sem alterações, após descartar outras causas, diagnosticando SIADH. Paciente sendo assistido por equipe multidisciplinar de nefrologia, endocrinologia e nutrição. Iniciou reposição com salina hipertônica, restrição hídrica, diuréticos e continuidade do tratamento para tuberculose pulmonar. Conclusão: As manifestações endócrino-metabólicas da tuberculose não são levadas em consideração pela maioria dos profissionais. A SIHAD, um distúrbio metabólico que pode ser fatal, merece atenção e individualização. Após tratamento para causa base, paciente apresenta melhora de natremia.

In this work, the composition of the bacterial community in the air of a hospital in Mexico City was evaluated using metabarcoding and proteomics approaches, along with the assessment of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and suspended particles. Two types of aerobiological samplers were used: Andersen One-Stage Viable Particle Sampler (AVPS) and Coriolis μ sampler (CμS-Sampler). Sampling was performed in four areas of the hospital: Floor 1 (F1), Floor 2 (F2), and Emergency Unit (EU), as well as outdoors (OH). The use of both samplers showed variations in diversity and composition. Bacterial abundance was 89.55% with the CμS-Sampler and 74.00% with the AVPS. The predominant phyla with the AVPS were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, while with the CμS-Sampler, the main phyla were Proteobacteria, followed by Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. The highest diversity and richness of bacteria was recorded in F1 and F2, with 32 species identified, with a greater number within the hospital. Potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus spp., B. cereus, B. pumilus, Clostridium spp., Enterococcus gallinarum, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus spp. were detected. Furthermore, a high concentration of particles between 2.5 μm and 10 μm, and Total Particulate Matter (TPM) was observed, with values of TPM, 303 μg/m3 in F1, 195 μg/m3 in F2, 235 μg/m3 in EU and 188 μg/m3 in OH. Temperatures averaged between 26 and 27°C, and relative humidity ranged between 39.8 and 43.5%. These environmental conditions and particulate matter can promote bacterial growth and their dispersion in the air, constituting a continuous risk of exposure to pathogens, mainly in indoor areas of the hospital. This study provides a framework for air monitoring, where the results of different samplers complement the detection of potential pathogens.

The public's growing interest in epigenetics, particularly its applications in human health, underscores the significance of epigenetic mechanisms in regulating gene activity and promoting phenotypic diversity without altering DNA sequences. Within the framework of the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis, epigenetics is regarded as a non-genetic contributor to evolution. The EPIBOOST project, "BOOSting excellence in environmental EPIgenetics," investigates epigenetic changes induced by contaminants in aquatic organisms and aims to enhance public understanding of epigenetics through science outreach videos. A multidisciplinary team comprising Biology, Education, and Design researchers produced the video "What is Epigenetics?" using a design-based research methodology and a design thinking approach. This process involved storyboard design, audio recording, image production, video editing, testing, refinement, and public dissemination. The interactive development of the storyboard and script aimed to efficiently communicate the significance of epigenetics, fostering public understanding of this emerging research area through an effective science communication strategy. This paper focuses on the development process for the first video, which aims to promote public awareness of epigenetics using the AEIOU framework (Awareness, Enjoyment, Interest, Opinions, and Understanding) to elucidate epigenetic concepts such as DNA methylation, gene expression, and phenotype, and their integration in environmental assessment frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Juan P Cata,1,2 Carlos Guerra,3 German Soto,4 Maria F Ramirez1,2 1Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; 2Anesthesiology and Surgical Oncology Research Group, Houston, TX, USA; 3Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA; 4Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Eva Perón, Rosario, Santa Fe, ArgentinaCorrespondence: Juan P CataDepartment of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 409, Houston, TX 77005, USATel/Fax +1 713-792-4582Email JCata@mdanderson.orgAbstract: Surgery is a critical period in the survival of patients with cancer. While resective surgery of primary tumors has shown to prolong the life of these patients, it can also promote mechanisms associated with metastatic progression. During surgery, patients require general and sometimes local anesthetics that also modulate mechanisms that can favor or reduce metastasis. In this narrative review, we summarized the evidence about the impact of local, regional and general anesthesia on metastatic mechanisms and the survival of patients. The available evidence suggests that cancer recurrence is not significantly impacted by neither regional anesthesia nor volatile or total intravenous anesthesia.Keywords: neoplasm, surgery, anesthesia, recurrence

Background: Treatment with intravenous enzyme replacement therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type I does not address joint disease, resulting in persistent orthopedic complications and impaired quality of life. A proof-of-concept study was conducted to determine the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of intra-articular recombinant human iduronidase (IA-rhIDUA) enzyme replacement therapy in the canine MPS I model. Methods: Four MPS I dogs underwent monthly rhIDUA injections (0.58. mg/joint) into the right elbow and knee for 6. months. Contralateral elbows and knees concurrently received normal saline. No intravenous rhIDUA therapy was administered. Monthly blood counts, chemistries, anti-rhIDUA antibody titers, and synovial fluid cell counts were measured. Lysosomal storage of synoviocytes and chondrocytes, synovial macrophages and plasma cells were scored at baseline and 1. month following the final injection. Results: All injections were well-tolerated without adverse reactions. One animal required prednisone for spinal cord compression. There were no clinically significant abnormalities in blood counts or chemistries. Circulating anti-rhIDUA antibody titers gradually increased in all dogs except the prednisone-treated dog; plasma cells, which were absent in all baseline synovial specimens, were predominantly found in synovium of rhIDUA-treated joints at study-end. Lysosomal storage in synoviocytes and chondrocytes following 6. months of IA-rhIDUA demonstrated significant reduction compared to tissues at baseline, and saline-treated tissues at study-end. Mean joint synovial GAG levels in IA-rhIDUA joints were 8.62 ± 5.86 μg/mg dry weight and 21.6 ± 10.4 μg/mg dry weight in control joints (60% reduction). Cartilage heparan sulfate was also reduced in the IA-rhIDUA joints (113 ± 39.5. ng/g wet weight) compared to saline-treated joints (142 ± 56.4. ng/g wet weight). Synovial macrophage infiltration, which was present in all joints at baseline, was abolished in rhIDUA-treated joints only. Conclusions: Intra-articular rhIDUA is well-tolerated and safe in the canine MPS I animal model. Qualitative and quantitative assessments indicate that IA-rhIDUA successfully reduces tissue and cellular GAG storage in synovium and articular cartilage, including cartilage deep to the articular surface, and eliminates inflammatory macrophages from synovial tissue. Clinical relevance: The MPS I canine IA-rhIDUA results suggest that clinical studies should be performed to determine if IA-rhIDUA is a viable approach to ameliorating refractory orthopedic disease in human MPS I. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.