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Uno de los importantes trabajos topográficos del Cuerpo de Estado Mayor español llevados a cabo en la década de 1860 fue la cartografía de los escenarios de las batallas de Julio César en Hispania. Se hicieron a petición de Napoleón III, para ilustrar la Histoire de Jules César que dirigía el emperador francés. Fue una obra ambiciosa y compleja, por la escala empleada (1:20.000) y por la extensión comprendida (4.637 km2). Los trabajos se realizaron en las comarcas del sur de las provincias de Córdoba , en 1864 y principios de 1865, y el resultado se presentó en París en junio de 1865. Un ejemplar de los mapas finales, junto con 12 acuarelas de paisajes, se conserva en la Biblioteca del Palacio Real. Este trabajo reforzó el prestigio del Cuerpo de Estado Mayor. El éxito de la empresa avalaba la opción del general y primer ministro Narváez de confiar al Ejército los trabajos del mapa nacional, en 1866. En 1867 el Estado Mayor llevó a cabo una segunda fase del trabajo, con objeto de completar la zona cartografiada hasta el margen de las láminas previstas. Pero, por diversas razones, hasta 1887 no se publicó el atlas que incluía 4 láminas fruto de los trabajos topográficos efectuados por los oficiales del Estado Mayor, aunque sin indicar en modo alguno la procedencia de los mapas. Un final más bien mezquino para el ingente, rápido y eficaz trabajo realizado por los militares españoles entre 1864 y 1867. The maps of the battle scenarios of Julius Caesar in Hispania were one of the important topographic works carried out by the Spanish General Staff in the 1860s. They were made at the request of Napoleon III, to illustrate the Histoire de Jules César led by the French emperor. It was an ambitious and complex work, due to the scale used (1:20,000) and the large area covered (4,637 km2). The topographical works were carried out in the south of the provinces of Córdoba (Andalusia) and Lleida (Catalonia), in 1864 and early 1865. The results were presented in Paris in June 1865. A copy of the final maps, along with 12 landscape watercolors, are stored in the Library of Palacio Real (Madrid). This work reinforced the prestige of the General Staff Corps. The success obtained supported the option by General and Prime Minister Narvaez to entrust the National Map works to the Army, in 1866. In 1867 the Estado Mayor carried out a second phase of the work, in order to complete the area to the margin of the planned sheets. But, for several reasons, the atlas was not published until 1887. Four of its plates were a result of the topographical work carried out by the Spanish officers, although the origin of the maps was not indicated in any way. A rather poor end to the huge, fast and efficient work done by the Spanish military between 1864 and 1867. L'un des importants travaux topographiques du corps d'État-Major espagnol réalisé dans les années 1860 était la cartographie des scènes des batailles de Jules César en Hispanie. Ils ont été réalisés à la demande de Napoléon III, pour illustrer l'Histoire de Jules César dirigée par l'empereur français. Ce fut un travail ambitieux et complexe, en raison de l'échelle utilisée (1: 20 000) et de l'étendue géographique du projet (4 637 km2). Les travaux ont été réalisés dans les régions méridionales des provinces de Cordoue (Andalousie) et de Lérida (Catalogne) en 1864 et au début de 1865, et le résultat a été présenté à Paris en juin 1865. Une copie des cartes finales, ainsi que 12 aquarelles de paysage, sont conservées à la bibliothèque du Palacio Real (Madrid). Ces documents renforcent le prestige du corps d'État-Major. Le succès obtenu a soutenu l'option du général et premier ministre Narváez de confier le travail de la carte nationale à l'Armée, en 1866. En 1867, l'État-Major a effectué une deuxième phase des travaux, afin d'achever la zone cartographiée jusqu'à la marge des planches prévues. Mais, pour diverses raisons, ce n'est qu'en 1887 que l'atlas fut publié, en comprenant 4 planches à la suite du travail topographique effectué par les officiers de l'État-Major, sans toutefois indiquer en aucune façon l'origine des cartes. Une fin plutôt malheureuse au travail énorme, rapide et efficace effectué par l'Armée espagnole entre 1864 et 1867. Trabajo realizado en el proyecto de investigación «Ciudad y territorio en la cartografía española: una perspectiva histórica» (CSO2017-87080-P) del Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad.

1 página.- Presentación oral en el Congreso FEMS online Conference on Microbiology. Celebrado en Serbia. 28-31 octubre 2020, This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, grants BIO2016-78409R and PID2019-107634RB-I00.

Background Human cases of Madariaga virus (MADV) infection were first detected during an outbreak in 2010 in eastern Panama, where Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) also circulates. Little is known about the long-term consequences of either alphavirus infection. Methods A follow-up study of the 2010 outbreak was undertaken in 2015. An additional survey was carried out 2 weeks after a separate 2017 alphavirus outbreak in a neighboring population in eastern Panama. Serological studies and statistical analyses were undertaken in both populations. Results Among the originally alphavirus-seronegative participants (n = 35 of 65), seroconversion was observed at a rate of 14.3% (95% CI, 4.8%–30.3%) for MADV and 8.6% (95% CI, 1.8%–23.1%) for VEEV over 5 years. Among the originally MADV-seropositive participants (n = 14 of 65), VEEV seroconversion occurred in 35.7% (95% CI, 12.8%–64.9%). In the VEEV-seropositive participants (n = 16 of 65), MADV seroconversion occurred in 6.3% (95% CI, 0.2%–30.2%). MADV seroreversion was observed in 14.3% (95% CI, 1.8%–42.8%) of those who were originally seropositive in 2010. VEEV seroconversion in the baseline MADV-seropositive participants was significantly higher than in alphavirus-negative participants. In the population sampled in 2017, MADV and VEEV seroprevalence was 13.2% and 16.8%, respectively. Memory loss, insomnia, irritability, and seizures were reported significantly more frequently in alphavirus-seropositive participants than in seronegative participants. Conclusions High rates of seroconversion to MADV and VEEV over 5 years suggest frequent circulation of both viruses in Panama. Enhanced susceptibility to VEEV infection may be conferred by MADV infection. We provide evidence of persistent neurologic symptoms up to 5 years following MADV and VEEV exposure.

Pediatric large B-cell lymphomas (LBCL) share morphological and phenotypic features with adult types but have better prognosis. The higher frequency of some subtypes such as LBCL with IRF4 rearrangement (LBCL-IRF4) in children, suggests that some age-related biological differences may exist. To characterize the genetic and molecular heterogeneity of these tumors, we studied 31 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified (DLBCL, NOS), 20 LBCL-IRF4, and 12 high grade B-cell lymphomas, NOS (HGBCL, NOS) in patients {less than or equal to}25 years-old using an integrated approach including targeted gene sequencing, copy number arrays and gene expression profiling. Each subgroup displayed different molecular profiles. LBCL-IRF4 had frequent mutations in IRF4 and NF-kB pathway genes (CARD11, CD79B and MYD88), losses of 17p13 and gains of chr7, 11q12.3-q25 whereas DLBCL,NOS were predominantly of germinal center B-cell (GCB) subtype and carried gene mutations similar to the adult counterpart (e.g. SOCS1 and KMT2D), gains of 2p16/REL and losses of 19p13/CD70. A subset of HGBCL, NOS displayed recurrent alterations of Burkitt lymphoma related genes such as MYC, ID3 and DDX3X and homozygous deletions of 9p21/CDKN2A whereas other cases were genetically closer to GCB-DLBCL. Factors related to unfavorable outcome were age >18y old, activated B-cell DLBCL profile, HGBCL, NOS, high genetic complexity, 1q21-q44 gains, 2p16/REL gains/amplifications, 19p13/CD70 homozygous deletions, and TP53 and MYC mutations. In conclusion, these findings further unravel the molecular heterogeneity of pediatric/young-adult LBCL, improve the classification of this group of tumors and provide new parameters for risk stratification.

Editorial a càrrec de Lluís Guerrero i Sala

Being the ground resource one of the fundamental components that provides goods and services for the development of life, to meet the food need in the present times, demand for larger areas with monoculture, this is the reason for the degradation of ecosystems natural; The object of the study was to evaluate the quality of soils in sugarcane cultivars (Saccharum officinarum L.) in the Fatima province parish, Pastaza province. Samples of six randomly selected agricultural production units were collected, at 25-30 cm depth. The parameters evaluated were% W, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, pH, MO and CE. Salinity analysis was developed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The pH results (3.84 to 4.72) of the soils of the area revealed to be strongly acidic; with CE (0.36 to 2.02 mS/cm) denoting low salinity Ca2+ (0.122 to 0.210 meq/100ml), Mg2+ (0.022 to 0.046 meq/100ml) and Na+ (0.031 to 0.049 meq/100ml) with sodium being responsible for increasing EC in soils, MO content (12.1 - 12.7%); Nutrients P (5.80 to 14.00 ppm), K (0.12 to 0.36 meq/100ml), Ca (1.90 to 5.00 meq/100ml), Mg (0.60 to 1.30 meq/100ml) and moisture content (% W) (128.04 a 238.22%) which are environmental characteristics of the Ecuadorian Amazon. The progressive deterioration of soils in the parish of Fatima is due to poor agricultural practice and poor agricultural technologies Al ser el recurso suelo uno de los componentes fundamentales que provee de bienes y servicios para el desarrollo de la vida, para cubrir la necesidad alimentaria en los actuales tiempos, demanda de mayores áreas con monocultivo, esta es la razón de la degradación de los ecosistemas naturales; el objeto de estudio fue evaluar la calidad de los suelos en cultivares de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) en la parroquia Fátima provincia de Pastaza. Se recolectaron muestras de seis unidades productivas agrícolas seleccionadas al azar, a 25 – 30 cm de profundidad. Los parámetros evaluados fueron %W, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, pH, MO y CE. El análisis de salinidad se desarrolló por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. Los resultados de pH (3.84 a 4.72) de los suelos de la zona revelo que son fuertemente ácidos; con CE (0.36 a 2.02 mS/cm) denotando salinidad baja Ca2+ (0.122 a 0.210 meq/100ml), Mg2+ (0.022 a 0.046 meq/100ml) y Na+ (0.031 a 0.049 meq/100ml) siendo el sodio el responsable del aumento de la CE en los suelos, el contenido MO (12.1 – 12.7%); nutrientes P (5.80 a 14.00 ppm), K (0.12 a 0.36 meq/100ml), Ca (1.90 a 5.00 meq/100ml), Mg (0.60 a 1.30 meq/100ml) y el contenido de humedad (%W) (128.04 a 238.22%) que son características medio ambientales de la Amazonía Ecuatoriana. El deterioro progresivo de los suelos en la parroquia de Fátima obedece a la mala práctica agrícola y tecnologías agrícolas deficientes.

Purpose: Long-term breast cancer survivors are women surviving at least 5 years after diagnosis. This systematic review aimed to summarize the main characteristics and patterns of healthcare service use (frequency of visits, health providers visited, and preventive care performed) among long-term breast cancer survivors. Methods: We used standard Cochrane Collaboration methods and searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases up to January 2018. We included English language observational studies reporting health service use among long-term cancer survivors. The quality of the studies was appraised through the ROBINS-I assessment tool. Two independent reviewers performed both the study quality assessment and the data extraction. Results: A total of 23 observational studies were included that reported data on health services use by long-term breast cancer survivors. Despite heterogeneity among studies, about half of them reported that breast cancer survivors visited a medical provider at least once a year, as recommended by breast cancer survival guidelines. Although survivors visited medical providers with the recommended frequency, a substantial number used specialist care instead of primary care during follow-up. The results showed underuse of the recommended annual mammogram. Conclusions: Long-term breast cancer survivors differ in their health services use with regard to the frequency of visits as well as the health providers seen. Our results indicate the need for active surveillance through primary care providers in coordination with specialized care. Implications for cancer survivors: This review could help to standardize the management of breast cancer survivors and decision-makers to adapt their guidelines and clinical protocols.

Purpose To identify and validate risk factors that contribute to prolonged length of hospital stay (LOS) in patients undergoing resection for colorectal cancer. Methods This prospective cohort study included 1955 patients admitted to 22 hospitals for primary resection of colorectal cancer. Multivariate analyses were used to identify and validate risk factors, randomizing patients into a derivation and a validation cohort. Multiple correspondence and cluster analysis were performed to identify clinical subtypes based on LOS. Results The strongest independent predictors of prolonged LOS were postoperative reintervention, surgical site infection, open surgery, and distant metastasis. The multiple correspondence and cluster analysis provided three groups of patients in relation to prolonged LOS: patients with the longest LOS included the highest percentage of patients with open surgery, distant metastasis, deep surgical site infections, emergency admissions, additional diagnostic factors, and highly contaminated surgical sites. Patients with prolonged LOS (> 14 days) were more likely to develop adverse outcomes within 30 days after discharge. Conclusions Patients undergoing resection of colorectal cancer cluster into different groups based on LOS of the index admission. Those with prolonged LOS were more likely to develop adverse outcomes within 30 days after discharge. Some of the strongest independent predictors of prolonged LOS, such as surgical infections or open surgery, could be modified to reduce LOS and, in turn, other adverse outcomes.