Search

El presente proyecto tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de un prototipo electromecánico para la rehabilitación de la articulación del codo mediante el uso de actuadores blandos. Durante el proceso de desarrollo se crearon dos prototipos de actuadores blandos, siendo el primero ineficiente y el segundo exitoso. Además, se realizaron simulaciones CAE de los actuadores para evaluar su rendimiento y hacer mejoras en el diseño. El prototipo de actuadores blandos y electroválvulas demostró ser altamente efectivo en la rehabilitación de la articulación del codo y se espera que sea de gran utilidad en el tratamiento de pacientes con discapacidades o lesiones en esta área del cuerpo. Las simulaciones CAE realizadas permitieron identificar áreas de mejora y optimización en el diseño de los actuadores blandos, lo que podría conducir a cambios adicionales en la eficiencia y el rendimiento de futuros dispositivos similares. Asimismo, el prototipo cuenta con la instalación de una Interfaz Hombre-Maquina (HMI) para visualizar la terapia de rehabilitación. En resumen, este proyecto representa un avance significativo en la rehabilitación de la articulación del codo mediante el uso de tecnología electromecánica. Los resultados obtenidos a través de los prototipos y simulaciones CAE muestran la eficacia del diseño propuesto y el potencial de aplicación en el tratamiento de pacientes con lesiones o discapacidades en el codo. Por lo tanto, se espera que este trabajo contribuya al campo de la ingeniería biomecatrónica, biomédica, entre otras y tenga un impacto positivo en la calidad de vida de los pacientes afectados. The present project aims to develop an electromechanical prototype for elbow joint rehabilitation using soft actuators. During the development process, two soft actuator prototypes were created, the first one being inefficient and the second one successful. In addition, CAE simulations of the actuators were performed to evaluate their performance and make design improvements. The soft actuator and electrovalve prototype proved to be highly effective in the rehabilitation of the elbow joint and is expected to be of great utility in the treatment of patients with disabilities or injuries in this area of the body. The CAE simulations performed identified areas for improvement and optimization in the design of the soft actuators, which could lead to further changes in the efficiency and performance of future similar devices. Also, the prototype features the installation of a Human Machine Interface (HMI) to visualize the rehabilitation therapy. In summary, this project represents a significant advance in elbow joint rehabilitation through the use of electromechanical technology. The results obtained through prototypes and CAE simulations show the efficacy of the proposed design and the potential for application in the treatment of patients with elbow injuries or disabilities. Therefore, it is expected that this work will contribute to the field of biomechatronic engineering, biomedical, among others and have a positive impact on the quality of life of affected patients.

Objective: Characterize clinically and epidemiologically patients with von Willebrand disease and abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out. The study population was women with a diagnosis of von Willebrand’s disease who consulted in a highly complex institution in the city of Medellín. The analysis was carried out through the SPSS V 24 program. Results: 70 patients were included, 50 of these were discarded because they did not present abnormal uterine bleeding or had other diagnoses that could intervene in the characterization as antiphospholipid syndrome. The median age of the included patients was 19.5 years (Min: 11, Max: 52). 9 patients (60%) used contraceptive methods, the reported methods were combined oral contraceptives (26.7%), intrauterine devices (20%) and surgical methods (13.3%). Regarding the clinical characterization, it was found that the most frequent manifestations were the presence of bruises 40% (8) and epistaxis 40% (8). Most of the patients, 65% (13) had not received treatment for abnormal uterine bleeding. Laboratory tests showed the following: hemoglobin 13 g/dL (6.6 - 15.7), hematocrit 37.5% (20.3 - 46.1), platelets 279,000 cells/mm3 (106,000 - 393,000), von Willebrand factor plasma antigen 68.5 IU (19.7 - 205), von Willebrand factor plasma activity 44 IU (23 - 126). Conclusion: Abnormal uterine hemorrhage is a frequent manifestation in women with von Willebrand disease and can present at different stages of life, despite its diagnosis, women do not receive management of this clinical manifestation until their consultation with gynecology. Key words: von Willebrand Diseases, von Willebrand Factor, Abnormal uterine bleeding, Metrorrhagia.

Background: In the past decades, the great interest in food digestion research led to a wide array of in vitro digestion (IVD) methods. Each of these methods have the potential of providing specific valuable scientific in- sights in digestion mechanisms and the rational structural design of foods. Scope and approach: This review paper outlines important transitions in recent IVD research and formulates important considerations relevant for the set-up of future in vitro experiments, especially in the context of rational food digestion design. Important transitions are discussed, including the importance of kinetic experi- ments for macronutrient digestion, the relevance of the transition towards more complex (semi)-dynamic digestion conditions, the shift from single nutrients in simplified systems towards real foods and meals, and the emerging trend to adapt methods to mimic the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of specific populations. Key findings and conclusions: Notwithstanding the recent shift towards more complex IVD methods, the possi- bilities and advantages of more simple digestion methods should not be overlooked for mechanistic under- standing or for sample screening purposes. Since the information retrieved from a simulation experiment depends on the applied conditions, the appropriate in vitro protocol should be chosen depending on the research question. In this context, the harmonization of digestion methods such as the standardized INFOGEST protocols can play a notable role in food digestion research and the development of tailored foods for all different strata of the population. ispartof: Trends In Food Science & Technology vol:126 pages:61-72 status: Published online

In this work, a multireactor system to study digestion (MuReDi) kinetics is introduced. For this, a custom-made automated system with four independent syringe pumps (BioXplorer 100, H.E.L Group) was acquired. This system consists of multiple, small-scale reactors allowing to study digestion as a function of time and thus to determine digestion kinetics. The different digestion conditions used in the oral, gastric, and small intestinal phase were based on the digestion protocols published by the INFOGEST consortium. We showed that the minimum working volume of a reactor is 30 mL. Besides, repeatability of the digestion kinetics was shown for two food systems: a liquid Ensure® Plus Vanilla drink, and a solid, cooked lentil sample. When comparing static digestion kinetics with semi-dynamic ones, a significantly different digestion pattern was observed. In the static case, a relatively fast hydrolysis rate was observed until a clear plateau was reached. Oppositely, for the semi-dynamic case, a delayed start of the hydrolysis process was noticed. In the gastric phase, this was explained by the decreasing pH and the large pH dependency of pepsin activity. In the small intestine, the lag phase was relatively shorter, yet clearly present. Here we related it to the gradual enzyme (and bile salt) secretion that had to diffuse towards the substrate before hydrolysis could start. Generally, this work showed that the MuReDi system could be used to perform a semi-dynamic digestion approach which largely impacted the overall digestion kinetics. This is important to consider in future in vitro food digestion simulation work to come closer to physiologically relevant digestion kinetics. ispartof: Food Research International vol:156 ispartof: location:Canada status: Published online

En la actualidad, Ecuador se encuentra situado como uno de los más importantes productores de camarón lo que ha permitido un crecimiento ascendente, pero la producción en muchas partes del país se sigue realizando de manera empírica sin tener datos reales de la calidad del agua corriendo un gran riesgo de perder gran parte de la producción. Por lo cual este proyecto técnico está dirigido a los productores e investigadores acuícolas permitiendo monitorear parámetros importantes del agua. Currently, Ecuador is located as one of the most important shrimp producers which has allowed an upward growth, but production in many parts of the country is still carried out empirically without having real data on water quality running a great risk of losing much of the production. Therefore, this technical project is aimed at aquaculture producers and researchers allowing to monitor important water parameters.

The development of the cocoa agroindustry in Indonesia is of considerable importance to respond the global demand for high quality cocoa beans and cocoa-derived products. This study analyzes the issues concerning the cocoa production in Indonesia, including cocoa productivity, post-harvest treatments, and smallholder farmer profitability, in order to confirm the theories regarding cocoa farming previously published in many works as well as to offer insights into challenges for future cocoa farming and cocoa downstream industry development in Indonesia. A simple random sampling method was used to select a total of 25 cocoa farmers from the five regions in Madiun, East Java. The selected farmers were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire consisting of 39 questions regarding demographic and farm characteristics, farm management and postharvest practices, and farm training and social capital. The results indicated that approximately 40% of farmers are 60 years old and over. Besides, most of the cocoa farmers (76%) have not received any proper education or have attended to primary school only. Furthermore, according to the data, the cocoa productivity is inversely correlated with the farm size. Finally, almost half of the farmers in Madiun sell their cocoa beans as non-fermented. From this study, it was clear that in order to improve the quality of cocoa beans, farmers should be encouraged to improve agricultural practices and postharvest processes. This research gives empirical evidence of some constraints for high-quality cocoa production in Indonesia.

In this work, plant-based shakes were prepared (5% oil, 6% protein, 1% lecithin, 88% water) (w/w) using two processing techniques (i) only mixing versus (ii) mixing followed by high pressure homogenisation, as well as two processing sequences (i) adding all ingredients together versus (ii) stepwise addition of ingredients. Shakes only mixed consisted of large, irregular particles (1–100 µm). Eventually, this resulted in a relatively low lipid and protein digestion extent after 2 h of gastric pre-digestion (9% and < 1%, respectively). In contrast, shakes that were subjected to high pressure homogenisation displayed small, homogeneous particles (

En este proyecto técnico se desarrolló el diseño eficiente del alumbrado público para el Malecón de Atacames. En la actualidad, este malecón cuenta con postes, luminarias y transformadores obsoletos por su tiempo de uso y falta de mantenimiento. Ya que cada uno de estos, se encuentra expuestos al ambiente y la salinidad de este afecta de una manera más precipitada la descomposición de los elementos antes mencionado. Es por ello que este trabajo se basa en la mejora del aspecto de este sector de la ciudad. Al diseñar un nuevo aspecto del malecón Atacames, se hizo énfasis en el alumbrado público para que sea atractivo a la vista de los transeúntes y de los conductores, ya que por el sector siempre existe un gran flujo de vehículos. Es por ello que se logró obtener un nuevo factor de uniformidad, una relación de entorno (SR) y un índice de deslumbramiento dentro de las normativas y una mejor iluminancia. Por ende, para examinar de manera más detenida los cambios en el factor de uniformidad se optó por realizar tres escenarios, en donde, el escenario base se contempla la simulación del alumbrado público ya existente. Para el segundo escenario se considera un cambio de lámparas, es decir; el cambio de lámparas de sodio por su equivalente en LEDs, pero manteniendo cada uno de los postes sin reubicarlos. En el tercer y último escenario; es el diseño del autor en base a las recomendaciones de dos instituciones. Una de ellas es la normativa de la Empresa Eléctrica Quito (EEQ), ya que la distribuidora local del cantón Atacames se encuentra regida a dichas normativas de la ciudad capital, como lo hacen algunas distribuidoras de otros cantones del país por lo que está comprende algunos ítems que en las localidades no se encuentran especificadas. De igual manera se tomó como referencia el reglamento INEN, el cual implanta que los elementos y equipos que constituyan al sector de alumbrado público cumplan con niveles de calidad de energía lumínica. This technical report addresses the efficient design of the public lighting for the pier of Atacames. At present, this pier is equipped with street lights, lamps, and transformers that are obsolete due to the time they have been used and lack of maintenance. Each one of these objects is exposed to an environment with salinity levels that affect their decomposition in an accelerated way. For this reason, the present work concerns the improvement of the appearance of this area of the city. While working on the design for a new look for the pier of Atacames, public lighting was emphasized to make it more attractive to pedestrians and drivers given the fact that many cars transit this area. For this reason a new uniformity factor, environmental interactions (SR) and a glare rating according to the standards, and a better average lux level were achieved. To evaluate the changes in the uniformity factor in more detail, three scenarios were considered. The base scenario was a simulation of the existing public lighting. For the second scenario, a change of lamps was considered, i.e., sodium lamps were changed for their LED equivalent without relocating the street lights. In the third and last scenario, the design followed the guidelines established by two institutions. The first set of guidelines taken into account corresponds to the standards of Electric Company Quito (EEQ). The local distribution system in the city of Atacames follows the regulations of the capital city in the same way as other distributions systems do for the reason that this standard includes some items that are not specified in the local systems. In the same way, the design takes into account the INEN standard, which establishes that the elements and equipment that are part of the public lighting must satisfy specific quality levels of light energy.

This investigation reports the effect of droplet size behavior on the overall lipolysis profile and molecular lipolysis mechanisms under in vitro gastric conditions. O/W emulsions (5% triolein, 1% sodium taurodeoxycholate) with different initial droplet sizes (fine: 0.58 μm; medium: 1.82 μm; and large: 4.00 μm) were subjected to static in vitro digestion. For the first time, multiple lipolysis products including diolein and monoolein regioisomers were quantified within a single HPLC run. An inverse relation was found between the droplet size and the initial rate and final extent of lipolysis based on the digested triolein. Furthermore, a mechanistic gastric lipolysis model was established based on a reaction scheme including enzymatic and chemical isomerization conversions. The estimated rate of the sn-1/3 hydrolysis was around two- to thirty-fold faster compared to the rates of sn-2 cleavage and isomerization, respectively. These findings resulted in a profound insight in in vitro gastric molecular lipolysis mechanisms. ispartof: Food Chemistry vol:326 ispartof: location:England status: Published online

The physicochemical parameters, mineral composition, and nutraceutical properties of ready-to-drink flavored-colored commercial teas were analyzed in the present study. The pH of samples was slightly acidic (3.72 to 4.11), titratable acidity was low (0.092 to 0.174%), and color parameters were wide variable (pink, yellow, brown, and red). Citrus-flavored tea obtained the highest content of manganese (0.281 mg·L−1), zinc (0.069 mg·L−1), magnesium (2.92 mg·L−1), potassium (62.65 mg·L−1), and sodium (271.74 mg·L−1), while lemon-, peach-, and blueberry-flavored teas obtained the highest levels of copper (0.035 mg·L−1), iron (0.246 mg·L−1), and calcium (18.21 mg·L−1), respectively. Citrus, lemon-, sangria-, and rose petal-flavored teas obtained the highest content in total phenols (211.56 mg·L−1), total flavonoids (65.46 mg·L−1), total catechins (640.79 mg·L−1), and total anthocyanins (640.79 mg·L−1), respectively. Lemon- and rose petal-flavored teas showed the highest and lowest antioxidant capacity levels in DPPH (1096.00 to 118.77 μmolTE·L−1), ABTS (1048.84 to 232.00 μmolTE·L−1), and FRAP (1269.20 to 147.70 μmolTE·L−1) assays. The levels of sodium reported in labels of all samples were lower than data obtained in our analysis. Also the levels observed for total phenols in blueberry-, citrus-, and rose petal-flavored teas were lower than our analysis, but total phenols of lemon-, peach-, and sangria-flavored teas were higher than the content reported in their labels. The results obtained in the present work give information to consumers for choosing flavored-colored ready-to-drink tea based on the physicochemical, nutritional, and nutraceutical properties.

Es fundamental para la formación integral de los individuos actualizar las estrategias de enseñanza y modernizar los recursos en el proceso de aprendizaje, de allí que juega un papel importante la tecnología en la educación. El propósito fue proponer un entorno virtual de apoyo (EVAp) y un objeto de aprendizaje de contenido abierto (OACA) como recurso para el aprendizaje de la unidad curricular evaluación de impacto ambiental del Programa Nacional de Formación en sistemas de calidad y ambiente, haciendo uso de la Plataforma Moodle, herramientas de la web 2.0, como recursos innovadores. Metodológicamente se desarrolló un Proyecto Especial, y se ubicó dentro del paradigma cuantitativo, siendo una investigación descriptiva-explicativa, señala este los atributos del proceso y las estrategias que se implementaron, se explica el modelo pedagógico, axiológico y epistemológico que sustenta el diseño del EVAp y el OACA de la unidad curricular evaluación de impacto ambiental del PNF sistemas de calidad y ambiente.

The present project addresses the problem of an automobile repair shop in relation to the design and simulation of a car paint booth due to the fact that this area is an important element in the development of the repair shop and the investment in its optimal design is highly relevant in terms of economic and energetic costs. First, this project encompasses all the theory related to environmental impact issues produced by automobile repair shops in order to provide a perspective about the general importance of the project. Therefore, it also addresses clean production implementation related to car paint booths at an international and local level. Furthermore, it becomes necessary to talk about the design. This section is about the characteristics of the company for which the project will be executed, the different restrictions present in the project and the definition of the alternatives of clean production for the paint booth. The features of the booth and the calculations for its optimal design will also be included in this section. In addition, the project also takes into account the thermic and dynamic simulation of the flow regimes using Solid Works to put in evidence all the characteristics that are necessary to operate the paint booth in a satisfactory way at the Maldonado workshop. Finally, the results obtained from the simulation will be analyzed and translated into recommendations and conclusions, which are deeply related to the objectives previously set out. El presente trabajo aborda la problemática de un taller automotriz en cuanto al diseño y simulación de una cabina de pintura, ya que esta área es una parte importante del desarrollo del taller y la inversión en el diseño óptimo es de gran relevancia hablando de costos tanto económicos como energéticos. Para empezar se engloba toda la teoría pertinente en relación a problemas e impacto ambiental producido en los talleres automotrices, para dar una perspectiva acerca de la importancia del proyecto en su totalidad por lo cual se profundiza también sobre la producción más limpia tanto a nivel internacional como local y sus aplicaciones, finalmente se referirá a cabinas de pintura. A continuación corresponde hablar todo acerca del diseño, donde se observan las características de la empresa para la cual se realizará el proyecto, las diferentes restricciones con las que se cuenta para el trabajo y la definición de alternativas de producción más limpia para la cabina de pintura, de igual manera aquí se expondrán las generalidades de la misma y los cálculos necesarios para su diseño adecuado. También se considera la simulación térmica y dinámica de los regímenes de flujo utilizando Solid Works en donde se evidencia todas las características necesarias para el funcionamiento satisfactorio de la cabina de pintura en la realidad de talleres Maldonado. Por último se analiza los resultados obtenidos de la simulación traducido en las conclusiones y recomendaciones, las cuales presentan estrecha relación con los objetivos planteados.

Introducción: la detección y diagnóstico oportuno de la ruptura prematura de membranas ovulares (RPMO) en ocasiones pueden ser dudosos y requerir pruebas diagnósticas adicionales con el fin de disminuir intervenciones innecesarias, entre ellas hospitalizaciones prolongadas. La amnioinfusión con índigo carmín es una alternativa diagnóstica frecuentemente utilizada en estos casos.Objetivo: describir la experiencia con la utilización de la amnioinfusión con índigo carmín en pacientes ingresadas a la unidad materno infantil de la Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana (CUB) con diagnóstico dudoso de RPMO.Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, serie de casos, retrospectivo en pacientes ingresadas a la unidad materno infantil de la CUB con sospecha de RPMO pretérmino entre las 22 y 36 semanas, en quienes se realizó amnioinfusión con índigo carmín.Resultados: se practicaron 41 amnioinfusiones (una paciente con embarazo gemelar), 37 fueron transamnióticas y cuatro transplacentarias. En cinco pacientes la amnioinfusión fue positiva para RPMO. Las complicaciones descritas fueron: abruptio de placenta en una paciente (amnioinfusión transplacentaria) y en tres pacientes amenaza de parto pretérmino. Cuatro pacientes en quienes la vaginoscopia fue negativa presentaron RPMO comprobada por amnioinfusión. Cinco pacientes sin RPMO presentaron oligohidramnios, y en cinco pacientes con ecografía reportada con líquido normal se confirmó RPMO.Conclusión: la amnioinfusión con índigo de carmín es una prueba diagnóstica para considerar en el abordaje clínico de las pacientes con sospecha de RPMO.

Introducción: la detección y diagnóstico oportuno de la ruptura prematura de membranas ovulares (RPMO) en ocasiones pueden ser dudosos y requerir pruebas diagnósticas adicionales con el fin de disminuir intervenciones innecesarias, entre ellas hospitalizaciones prolongadas. La amnioinfusión con índigo carmín es una alternativa diagnóstica frecuentemente utilizada en estos casos. Objetivo: describir la experiencia con la utilización de la amnioinfusión con índigo carmín en pacientes ingresadas a la unidad materno infantil de la Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana (CUB) con diagnóstico dudoso de RPMO. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, serie de casos, retrospectivo en pacientes ingresadas a la unidad materno infantil de la CUB con sospecha de RPMO pretérmino entre las 22 y 36 semanas, en quienes se realizó amnioinfusión con índigo carmín. Resultados: se practicaron 41 amnioinfusiones (una paciente con embarazo gemelar), 37 fueron transamnióticas y cuatro transplacentarias. En cinco pacientes la amnioinfusión fue positiva para RPMO. Las complicaciones descritas fueron: abruptio de placenta en una paciente (amnioinfusión transplacentaria) y en tres pacientes amenaza de parto pretérmino. Cuatro pacientes en quienes la vaginoscopia fue negativa presentaron RPMO comprobada por amnioinfusión. Cinco pacientes sin RPMO presentaron oligohidramnios, y en cinco pacientes con ecografía reportada con líquido normal se confirmó RPMO. Conclusión: la amnioinfusión con índigo de carmín es una prueba diagnóstica para considerar en el abordaje clínico de las pacientes con sospecha de RPMO. Introduction: the opportune detection and diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) reduces unnecessary interventions such as prolonged hospitalisation; nevertheless, diagnosis can be doubtful and requires additional tests. Carmine indigo amnioinfusion is considered to be the gold standard in such cases. Objective: describing carmine indigo amnioinfusion use regarding patients admitted to Clinica Universitaria Bolivariana having suspected PROM. Materials and methods: an observational, case series and retrospective study was carried out on patients 22 and 36+6 weeks after being admitted to hospital. Results: a total of 41 amnioinfusions were done (one patient with twin pregnancy); of them 37 were transamniotic and 4 were across the placenta. Amnioinfusion was positive for PROM in five patients. The complications found were one case of placental abruption in transplacental route and three cases of threatened preterm labour. Four of the patients in whom speculum exam proved negative presented PROM, verified by amnioinfusion. Five patients without PROM presented oligohydramnios; a diagnosis of PROM was confirmed in five patients having normal amniotic fluid ultrasound. Conclusion: indigo carmine amnioinfusion is a diagnostic test having few complications and is useful in a clinical approach to patients having suspected PROM.