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The current study examies the views of both international and domestic students in Canada using the conceptual and empirical framework from the MIRIPS (Mutual Intercultural Relations in Plural Societies) project (http://www.victoria.ac.nz/cacr/research/mirips). Two hypotheses were examined. First is the "multiculturalism hypothesis" which has shown that the greater cultural security persons felt, the more they held positive attitudes towards other ethnic groups and immigrants and the more they accepted multiculturalism (Berry et al., 1977; Berry & Kalin, 1995; Esses, Hodson, & Dovidio, 2003). Second is the integration hypothesis. This hypothesis is based on previous research that has shown that there is a consistent pattern of relationships between a preference for the integration/multicultural strategy and individuals' better adaptation.

Living together in culturally plural societies poses numerous challenges for members of ethnocultural groups and for the larger society. An important goal of these societies is to achieve positive intercultural relations among all their peoples. Successful management of these relations depends on many factors including a research‐based understanding of the historical, political, economic, religious and psychological features of the groups that are in contact. The core question is 'how we shall we all live together?' In the project reported in this paper (Mutual Intercultural Relations in Plural Societies; MIRIPS), we seek to provide such research by reviewing three core psychological hypotheses of intercultural relations (multiculturalism, contact and integration) in 21 culturally plural societies. The main goal of the project is to evaluate these hypotheses across societies within the MIRIPS project in order to identify if there are some basic psychological principles that underlie intercultural relations panculturally. If there are, the eventual goal is to employ the findings to propose some policies and programmes that may improve the quality of intercultural relationship globally. An internal meta‐analysis using the MIRIPS project data showed that the empirical findings from these societies generally support the validity of the three hypotheses. Implications for the development of policies and programmes to enhance the quality of intercultural relations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Functional Assessment Of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Spiritual Well‐Being‐Expanded (FACIT‐Sp‐Ex) scale can simultaneously evaluate the quality of life and spiritual health level of patients with chronic orthopaedic diseases. We performed the FACIT‐Sp‐Ex scale in Chinese, and tested its reliability and validity in patients with chronic orthopaedic diseases. Methods: There were 249 patients with chronic orthopaedic diseases who were selected for the questionnaire survey. AMOS 23.0 and SPSS 25.0 were used for statistical analysis to calculate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the scale. Results: The Chinese version of FACIT‐Sp‐Ex scale showed that root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.06. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.83, the subscale was 0.72 ~ 0.82. The meaning, peace, relational subscales and total scale of the FACIT‐Sp‐Ex were negatively correlated with hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and positively correlated with health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). All four subdomains were inversely associated with HADS anxiety symptoms, the peace and relational subscales were inversely associated with HADS depressive symptoms. Elderly female patients score higher than male patients in faith subscale. The highest‐scoring disease in FACIT‐Sp‐Ex faith scale was osteoarthritis, which in FACIT‐Sp‐Ex total scale are piriformis syndrome and osteoarthritis. Conclusion: The Chinese version of FACIT‐Sp‐Ex scale has good reliability and validity, which can be used as an evaluation tool for the spiritual status and quality of life of Chinese elderly chronic orthopaedic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]