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Background CellDetect® staining technique is a newly invented technique for cancer diagnosis. It easily distinguishes between normal and neoplastic cells including pre-cancer and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells, based on staining color and morphology. In this study, application of CellDetect® staining technique was assessed in diagnosis of human cervical cancer as compared with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining in conventional slides and Thinprep cytologic test (TCT) smears. Methods The conventional slides and TCT smears of 600 patients were stained and observed while comparing with H&E staining to assess sensitivity and specificity of CellDetect® staining technique in diagnosis of cervical cancer. Conventional smear slides (440 cases) were fixed in 95% ethanol or with CYTOFIX® Spray. TCT smears (160 cases) were processed based on manual. The paraffin sections from cervical intraepithelium neoplasia (CIN) 2–3 and SCC cases were prepared by biopsy. Results CellDetect® staining exhibited well cell morphology, simultaneously, showed dual color discrimination, the stain targeted cytoplasm in normal cells in green and dysplastic cells or neoplastic cells in purple/red. Both cervical cell smears or both fixation methods in conventional slides did not affect CellDetect® staining diagnosis, especially in tissue biopsies CellDetect® staining exhibited well epithelium layers to benefit the diagnosis of CIN grade. The sensitivity and specificity of CellDetect® staining technology in diagnosing CIN and SCC were 94.34% and 88.73%, respectively. Conclusions CellDetect® staining technique provided a dual color discrimination and morphological analysis. It has the potential to become one of the most effective methods for cervical screening and early diagnosis.

Simultaneous silencing of multiple up-regulated genes is an attractive and viable strategy to treat many incurable diseases including cancer. Herein we used dual gene targeted siRNA (DGT siRNA) conjugate composed of NET-1 and VEGF siRNA sequences in the same backbone could inhibit growth and angiogenesis HCC. DGT siRNA showed a further down regulation on VEGF mRNA and protein levels compared with NET-1 siRNA or VEGF siRNA, but not on NET-1 expression. It also exhibited greater suppression on proliferation and trigger of apoptosis in HepG2 cells than NET-1 siRNA or VEGF siRNA; this could be explained by the significant down regulation of cyclin D1 and Bcl-2. A lower level of ANG2 mRNA and protein was detected in HUVEC cultured with supernatant of HepG2 cells treated with DGT siRNA than that of VEGF siRNA or NET-1 siRNA, resulting in much more inhibited angiogenesis of HUVEC. Tumor growth was inhibited and microvessel density dropped in the xenograft tumor models compared to the untreated controls. NET-1 and VEGF silencing play a key role in inhibiting hepatocellular cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis, and reducing angiogenesis. Simultaneous silencing of NET-1 and VEGF using DGT siRNA construct may provide an advantageous alternative in development of therapeutics for Hepatocellular carcinoma.

The present study explored the expression of tetraspanin 1 (TSPAN1) in esophageal carcinoma (EC) and its association with clinicopathological factors. TSPAN1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was designed to target the TSPAN1 gene in Eca-109 cells in order to explore the biological function of TSPAN1 in the proliferation and apoptosis of EC. The results demonstrated that the level of TSPAN1 expression in EC tissue was significantly increased compared with that in adjacent normal tissue (P0.05). In addition, silencing TSPAN1 markedly inhibited proliferation while increasing the apoptosis rate of Eca-109 cells, which was demonstrated by detecting the expression of the cell proliferation-associated gene Ki-67 and the apoptotic gene caspase-3 (P

In the DPST (Direct Prototype Spray Tooling) sprayed directly prototype tooling technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology , due to brittle characteristics of ceramic materials, there was low efficient in the processing of large mold .The study would obtain sprayed ceramic prototypes through Industrial robots directly milling of ceramic rough technology, However, clay ceramic prototype embryos after milling would occur large shrinkage in the high-temperature drying and consolidation. In the paper it has established a clay material mathematical model of heat and mass transfer in the high-temperature drying process, and carried out finite element simulation in the ABAQUS, obtained shrinkage deformation law of the clay material.

Baseball and softball athletics have carried out in our country more than 100 years, however, its current development is still in infancy and the overall level is not very high due to political, economic, and cultural factors. In order to facilitate baseball and softball athletics, this paper has designed and realized a baseball match data analysis information system, which can collect match data and statistics and analyzes the data.

With the development of computer’s hardware, main memory becomes bigger and bigger and can hold more data, so some operation before need disk I/O, now can be completed in main memory. In OLAP what-if or hypothetical analysis may need modify data or alter structure of cube, it should recalculate cube and is a long process. This paper presents how to do What-if analysis in main memory database environments and the experience shows that main memory OLAP is obvious superior to disk OLAP.

In this article, a drawing die is researched in order to obtain the dynamic load and stress distributions and determine the potential fatigue location in it. The stress fields of the drawing die in the drawing process and their changing rules were studied through finite element method. The dynamic simulation of stress changing state has been realized, and the potential fatigue locations in the die were also determined. Based on the conclusion, the cavity die was divided into the substrate part and the wear-resistant part according to the stress distribution. Fatigue life estimations were made on the homogeneous die and the die with bi-materials. The example showed that bi-materials design can increase the service life while greatly reduces the cost of die material. The conclusions drawn conform to reality and have realistic significance.

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of Tspan-1, Jab1 and p27 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their clinicopathological significance. The expression of Tspan-1, Jab1 and p27 was detected in HCC tissues, the tissues around cancer (76 cases), and the normal tissues around the liver hemangiomas (10 cases). The overexpression of Tspan-1 and Jab1 was found in HCC tissues, positively correlated with clinical stage and negatively correlated with survival rate. The expression of p27 was found inversely linked to which of Tspan-1 and Jab1. In conclusion, the expression of Tspan-1, Jab1 and p27 is significantly associated with development of HCC. Overexpression of Tspan-1 and Jab1 suggests poor prognosis but overexpression of p27 may expect good prognosis for patients with HCC.

A two dimension value simulation was carried out for studying the electromagnetic force effect on melting pool in plasma powder deposition process. As the process is a layer-laminated deposition process, the gravity and the fluid motion of molten metal in melting pool during the layer-laminated deposition process without supporting, it will difficult to form complex shape parts. So a new scheme which using the magnetic field to restrict the melting metal flow was proposed. The method designed a restricted equipment of magnetic field in order to prevent and reduce the fluid flow and collapse of the melting pool. Compared with traditional method, as the height of the deposition shape increased, the process restricted with electromagnetic force can make the shape of parts more complex and more accurate. The changes of the electromagnetic force field were simulated with the finite element analysis, while the effects of electromagnetic force on forming process were discussed. Simulation show that the method is feasible and practicable. The electromagnetic force will decrease the post-treatment procedure and could contribute to the process of plasma powder deposition manufacture.

In the rapid spray metal tooling, metal film is spray-formed on the substrate and supported under the back, which will act as the working surface of the rapid metal tool finally. So the finishing process for the sprayed metal film is important to the quality and the lifecycle of the rapid metal tool. The finishing of the metal mould is frequently carried out manually, these kinds of operations are iterative, time consuming and require experience. Automation can introduce cost reduction minimizing production times on such manual finishing operations. This paper presents a robotic polishing system with free abrasive for the finishing of the rapid spray metal tool, which is consisted of a six-degree-of-freedom industrial robot manipulator, a high speed electrical polishing spindle and a numerical swivel table. Soft polishing pad and free abrasive are also selected for the robotic polishing system. The path planning is so important to the robotic polishing system that a partition & flexible path mapping method basing on UG CAM is developed to generate the uniform robotic polishing path on the complex mould surface. UG/Open GRIP programming module is used to generate the driving paths with different path intervals on the predesigned plane for each partitioned part. When the driving paths are projected to the mould curved surface, the uniform polishing paths with NC code can be generated by the multi-axis CAM module of the UG. And the path with NC code can then be transformed to the robotic polishing path. According to the elastic deformation and the abrasion of the soft polishing tool, the robotic polishing path should be adjusted to keep the smooth polishing process by offsetting the pre-compressed value and the abrasive compensation value along the polishing axis direction. Technical parameters of the robotic polishing process are also optimized through the experiments. Finally, the rapid metal punch mould is finished to test the robotic polishing system.

To study the association of ORMDL3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) and apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels.A total of 300 children diagnosed with bronchial asthma between January 2010 and December 2012 were selected for the asthma group, and 298 children diagnosed with upper respiratory tract infection in the same period were selected for the control group. Serum LysoPC and apoB levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Genotype analysis was performed using the TaqMan probe.LysoPC and apoB levels were significantly higher in the asthma group than in the control group (P0.01). Among children with various genotypes of ORMDL3 gene at locus rs12603332, the asthma group had significantly higher LysoPC and apoB levels than the control group (P0.01). Among the children with asthma, those with CC genotype had significantly higher LysoPC and apoB levels than those with CT and TT genotypes (P0.01).LysoPC and apoB may intervene in the pathological process of asthma. Pro-inflammatory gene ORMDL3 SNP rs12603332 may be associated with high LysoPC and apoB levels, which leads to the occurrence of childhood asthma.

To investigate the prevalence, current treatment, and clinical characteristics of asthma, as well as the risk factors for this disease, among children aged 0-14 years in 2010 in urban Zhongshan, China.A total of 10 336 children aged 0-14 years were selected from urban Zhongshan by cluster random sampling. The Third National Childhood Asthma Epidemiological Questionnaire 2010 was used to analyze the prevalence, current treatment, and clinical characteristics of childhood asthma, as well as the risk factors for this disease.Asthma was diagnosed in 179 cases (1.73%). The prevalence of asthma in male children was significantly higher than that in female children (2.25% vs 1.16%; P0.01). Of the 179 patients, severe attacks were common in 104 cases (58.1%), 110 cases (61.5%) had slow onset, 102 cases (57.0%) had gradually relieved conditions, 61 cases (34.1%) suffered from asthma during seasonal transition, and 150 cases (83.8%) developed asthma due to respiratory tract infection. Among all asthmatic children, 71.5% had been treated with inhaled corticosteroids, and 71.5% had been treated with bronchodilator. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a history of penicillin allergy, a family history of allergy, food allergy, eczema, allergic rhinitis, cesarean delivery, family mould, and perinatal passive smoking were independent risk factors for childhood asthma.The prevalence of childhood asthma in urban Zhongshan is on a high level, and is associated with gender. The treatment of asthma has been standardized, but still needs further improvement. The onset of asthma attack is influenced by various factors.

The aim of this study is to explore the inhibitory effects of RNA interference (RNAi) targeting NET-1 or combined with sorafenib on HCCin vitroandin vivoand the possible underlying mechanisms. The expressions of NET-1 mRNA and protein were detected by RT-QPCR and western blot. The ability of proliferation was determined by CCK-8 assay. Apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry (FCM). Abilities of migration and invasion were measured by scratch-wound assay and transwell assay. MHCC97H cells with stable transfection of NET-1shRNA were injected subcutaneously to prepare nude mice model of HCC and Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9 mRNAs of tumor tissues in different groups were examined. NET-1 mRNA and protein were reduced sharply in MHCC97H cells transfected with NET-1shRNA. The abilities of proliferation and migration were inhibited and apoptosis was promoted in either NET-1shRNA or sorafenib as compared with untreated cellsin vitroandin vivo(P<0.05). The mRNA levels of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 of tumor tissues were reduced in different treatment groups compared with untreated group, particularly in combination group. (P<0.05). The combination NET-1shRNA with sorafenib dramatically enhanced the effects of sorafenib antitumor ,which may involve in blocking ras signaling pathway and stimulating apoptotic pathways simultaneously.

To investigate the spectrum of pathogens for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children, and to provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of CAP.Respiratory secretions and venous blood samples were collected from 1560 children with CAP aged from one month to 9 years within 2 hours after admission, for detection of multiple pathogens. Respiratory virus antigens in nasopharyngeal swab specimens were detected by immunofluorescence. Sputum was used for bacterial culture. Levels of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)-IgM and Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP)-IgM in venous blood were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.A total of 579 strains of bacteria were isolated from all respiratory secretions, including 213 (36.8%) Gram-positive strains and 366 (63.2%) Gram-negative strains. The five most common strains were Haemophilus influenzae (7.50%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (6.73%), Staphylococcus aureus (6.35%), Moraxella catarrhalis (5.19%), and Escherichia coli (3.46%), wherein the beta-lactamase-producing strains accounted for 3.3% of all strains. The non-bacterial pathogens mainly included respiratory syncytial virus (12.88%), MP (7.88%), and CP (8.91%). Mixed infection of pathogens was serious, and the mixed infection of respiratory syncytial virus with Haemophilus influenzae infections were the most common. For most pathogens, the infection rate was higher in children aged under one year than in those aged over one year.Haemophilus influenzae, respiratory syncytial virus, MP and CP are the main pathogens for children with CAP. For most pathogens, the infection rate is higher in children aged under one year than in those aged over one year. Mixed infection rate of pathogens is high.

To analyze the frequency distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of four asthma-related gene loci (ACE I/D; ADRB2 Arg16Gly; TNF-α G-308A; MS4A2 Glu237Gly) in 198 asthmatic children, and to investigate its association with genetic susceptibility to childhood asthma and some clinical phenotypes of asthma.Polymerase chain reaction product electrophoresis identification and real-time quantitative PCR detecting system were used to determine the frequency distributions of the SNPs of the four asthma-related gene loci in 198 asthmatic children and 110 healthy controls. The serum total IgE (TIgE) levels and blood eosinophil proportion (%EOS) of the asthmatic children were measured. Different genotypes at the four asthma-related gene loci were compared in terms of TIgE and %EOS.The genotype DD of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) had a significantly higher frequency in the asthmatic children than in the healthy controls (χ2= 30.667, P0.01), and the frequency of D allele was also significantly higher in the asthmatic children than in the healthy controls (χ2=7.151, P0.01). No correlation was found between the polymorphism of each gene locus and serum TIgE level and %EOS (P0.05).Genotype DD of ACE is related to genetic susceptibility to childhood asthma and may be the risk factor for childhood asthma.

To study the efficacy and safety of specific sublingual immunotherapy with dermatophagoides farinae drops in the treatment of cough variant asthma in children.A total of 106 children aged 4-14 years old with cough variant asthma and positive skin prick test responses to dermatophagoides farinae allergens were randomly divided into two groups: SLIT group (n=53), which received specific sublingual immunotherapy with dermatophagoides farinae drops as well as standardized treatment and conventional treatment group (n=53), which received standardized treatment alone. Improvement in cough/asthma symptom scores and the time taken for symptoms to improve were observed after treatment. Serum eosinophil (EOS) level and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured after treatment. The side effects were observed.Compared with the conventional treatment group, the SLIT group showed significant decrease in symptom scores and serum EOS level and significant increase in PEF (P0.05). The time at which symptoms began to improve in the SLIT group was earlier than in the conventional treatment group (P0.05). The effective rate in the SLIT group was significantly higher than in the conventional treatment group (85% vs 68%; P0.05). Local reactions such as redness, swelling, and itching occurred in some children of the SLIT group but disappeared on the following day.Specific sublingual immunotherapy with dermatophagoides farinae drops is an effective and highly safe treatment for cough variant asthma in children.

To compare the knee osteoarthritis (OA) models in rabbits by different concentrations of papain and provide data for exploring pathogenesis and treatments of this disease.Sixty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups of 15 each and given injections into the right knee on days 1, 3 and 5 including intra-articular injections of 2%, 5% or 10% (w/v) papain and 0.03 mol/L L-cysteine at the dose of 0.1 ml/kg (experimental groups). The 0.9% NaCl (w/v) with a dose of 0.1 ml/kg were injected intra-articularly into the right knees of rabbits in the control group. The rabbits were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6 weeks respectively after the initiation of papain injection and these OA models were evaluated through recording the width of knee joint, performing the morphological observation and histological evaluation of articular cartilage and synovium.The degenerative changes were demonstrated in knee joints of rabbit in all experimental groups, such as thinner articular cartilage, fibrillation and destroyed cartilage matrix, and inflammation, proliferation, and degeneration of the synovial tissue. All these changes were much worse with increased concentration and prolonged observation time.Different severity of OA are established through intra-articular injections of 2%, 5% or 10% papain and 0.03 mol/L L-cysteine at the dose of 0.1 ml/kg. These models are of the characters of short period and a good reproducibility.

To explore the effect of NET-1 on the proliferation, migration and endocytosis in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line SMMC-7721, we constructed the pU6H1-NET-1-siRNA (NET-1siRNA) and pcDNA3.1/myc-NET-1 (myc-NET-1) vectors and transfected them into SMMC-7721 cells. The expression levels of NET-1 mRNA and protein were detected using real-time quantitative RT-QPCR and western blotting. The proliferation rates of SMMC-7721 cells were determined by CCK-8 assays, flow cytometry (FCM) and immunohistochemistry staining. The migration in two or three dimensional space of SMMC-7721 cells were determined by wound-healing assay and in vitro invasion assay. The extent of endocytosis in SMMC-7721 cells was estimated by observing the amount of transferrin (Tfn) absorbed with capture ELISA assays, and Tfn endocytosis was observed under confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. The results show that: i) after transfecting NET-1 siRNA, the expression of NET-1 mRNA and protein in SMMC-7721 cells decreased significantly, the growth of cells was suppressed, which induced cell cycle arrest, the proliferation rates were dramatically reduced and the expression of Ki67 declined, and migration and endocytosis in cells were inhibited, compared with untreated cells (every P

To study the etiology and risk factors of infantile wheezing.The clinical data of 180 infants with wheezing were retrospectively studied. The risk factors for wheezing attacks were investigated by logistic regression analysis.Viral infection (33.3%) was the most common cause for wheezing attacks, followed by asthma (19.4%), parental smoking and special environments (15.6%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (12.8%), premature delivery (7.8%), Mycoplasma infection (6.7%), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (4.4%). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed 7 factors that significantly correlated with wheezing attacks: allergic history of parents, sensitization to alimentary or inspiratory allergens, viral or Mycoplasma infection, premature delivery and special environments.The commonest cause of infantile wheezing is viral infection, followed by asthma. Genetic factors, individual atopic constitution and environmental factors play important roles in wheezing attacks.

To determine the exact roles of prolactin (PRL) in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and supply experimental basis for clinical treatment of RA, and to investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the synovium of adjuvant arthritis rats.Forty rats were divided into four groups (n = 10): (1) Normal control group (group A); (2) Adjuvant arthritis control group (group B); (3) Hyperprolactinemic adjuvant arthritis group (group C); (4) Hypoprolactinemic adjuvant arthritis group (group D). The content of PRL in the serum was detected by radio-immunoassay method. The activity of MMP-9 was analyzed by gelatin zymography. The alteration of MMP-9 immunoreactivity were investigated by means of immunohistochemistry in the synovium of all groups. The expressions of MMP-9 were investigated by Western blot in the synovium of all groups.Compared with group A, the activity and expression of MMP-9 of group B in the synovium were highly increased. The activity and expression of MMP-9 in the synovium were the most distinctive in group C. Compared with group B, the activity and expression of MMP-9 in the synovium were decreased in group D, but still higher than group A.The present results indicated that PRL might involved in the pathogenesis of RA by regulating the secretion of MMP-9 in the synovium.

To investigate the effect of down-regulation of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and HPV18 E6/E7 by hairpin RNA (shRNA) on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and adhesion abilities of cervical carcinoma cells, recombinant plasmids including pS-E6 shRNA, pS-E7 shRNA, and pS-VEGF shRNA were constructed and transfected into HeLa cells. The levels of E6 mRNA, E7 mRNA, or VEGF mRNA were significantly reduced after transfection of pS-E6 shRNA (76.0%), pS-E7 shRNA (74.4%), and pS-VEGF shRNA (46.7%). VEGF expression was down-regulated by pS-E6 shRNA (55.1%) and pS-E7 shRNA (46.6%). The apoptosis of HeLa cells was increased, and the proliferation, invasion, and adhesion abilities were decreased significantly. For in vivo study, cancer cells that stably expressed the plasmids were cultured. Cells were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice to establish xenograft tumor model. Finally, expression of E6 shRNA, E7 shRNA, and VEGF shRNA in cancer cells led to inhibition of the growth of xenograft. Hence, RNA interference could effectively suppress the expression of HPV18 E6/E7 and VEGF in human cervical cancer cells. This suppression attenuates malignant biological behavior of human cervical cancer cells. RNA interference of HPV E6/E7 or VEGF expression implies an effective anti-cervical cancer strategy.

To construct a recombination retroviral expression vector pLNC-IL-4RA with high efficiency transfection and carrying a screening label.IL-4RA was inserted into retroviral vector pLNC-Laz to get recombination retroviral expression vector pLNC-IL-4RA and then transfected into packaging cell line PA317 by liposome transfection. The transfected PA317 cells were obtained and amplified by G418 pressure screening. The cell culture supernatants containing viruses were harvested and the viral titer was determined by NIH3T3 cells infection.The G418 resistant clones were titrated and checked for the presence of replication virus. The results showed that the highest titer of viral supernatant was 1 x 10(4) CFU/mL. Genome DNA isolated from the cell clone of the highest titer showed the function gene, IL-4RA cDNA, had integrated into the genome of host cells verified by PCR.The recombination retroviral vector pLNC-IL-4RA encoding IL-4RA after packaging PA317 cells have higher viral titer. This provides a basis for gene treatment of asthma.

AIM: To determine if TSPAN1 overexpression is associated with clinicopathological and prognostic factors in human colorectal adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Total RNA was extracted in 20 human adenocarcinoma tissues for TSPAN1 mRNA assay by RT-PCR. Eighty-eight specimens of human colorectal adenocarcinoma were surgically removed. TSPAN1 protein levels in cancer tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal antibody against self-prepared TSPAN1. The correlation between TSPAN1 expression and the clinicopathological factors and the overall survival rate was analyzed by univariate and multivariate assay. RESULTS: TSPAN1 mRNA was detected in 90.0% (18/20) of cancerous tissues. The light density of TSPAN1 mRNA expression levels was 0.89 ± 0.30 in adenocarcinoma by gel-image system. TSPAN1 protein expression was detected in 78.41% (69/88) and weakly expressed in 40% normal colorectal tissues. There were significant differences between colorectal adenocarcinoma and normal control epithelium (P < 0.05). TSPAN1 protein expression in colorectal cancerous tissue was significantly correlated with the histological grade, cell expression PCNA, lymph nodal metastasis and TNM staging of the disease. Patients with TSPAN1 protein overexpression had a significantly shorter survival period than that in patients with TSPAN1 protein negative or weak expression, respectively (P < 0.05). Furthermore, by multivariate analysis, TSPAN1 protein expression demonstrated an independent prognostic factor for human colorectal cancers (P < 0.05, relative risk 0.755; 95% confidence interval 0.302-1.208). CONCLUSION: The expression of TSPAN1 gene is increased in colorectal carcinoma, suggesting that TSPAN1 might serve as an independent prognostic factor for the colorectal adenocarcinoma patients.

As a synthesized estrogenic drug, diethylstilbestrol (DES) is generally used to cure diseases like climacteric period syndrome and osteoporosis due to estrogen insufficient, but its effect on mammary gland epithelial cells is still unclear. This study was to observe the effect of DES on dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced carcinogenesis of breast cancer in Wistar rats.A total of 90 Wistar rats were equally divided into control, DES(1), DMBA, DES(1) plus DMBA, DES(2) plus DMBA, and DES(3) plus DMBA groups. The rats were perfused with DMBA at a dose of 100 mg/kg on Days 1 and 30, and DES at a dose of 0.1 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) (DES(1)), 0.2 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) (DES(2)), or 0.4 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) (DES(3)), respectively. All rats were killed after 44 weeks. The morphology of the breast tissue was observed; silver-binding nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) were counted; proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining intensity index (SII), the protein expression of Bcl-2, and C-erbB-2 were detected by SP immunohistochemistry.Among 15 rats with breast cancer carcinogenesis, 2 came from DES(1) plus DMBA group and 13 from DMBA group. AgNOR count, and the levels of PCNA SII, Bcl-2, and C-erbB-2 were higher in DES(1) group than in control group; AgNOR count, and the levels of PCNA SII, Bcl-2, and C-erbB-2 were significantly lower in DES(2) plus DMBA group than in DES(3) plus DMBA group and DES(1) plus DMBA group (P0.05), but there was no significant difference between DES(3) plus DMBA group and DES(1) plus DMBA group (P0.05).Low dose of DES can cause hyperplasia of the mammary gland in Wistar rats but not lead to carcinogenesis. During the DMBA-induced carcinogenesis of breast cancer in Wistar rats, low dose of DES can promote the hyperplasia and carcinogenesis of the mammary gland, medium dose of DES can inhibit the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells, but the effect may weaken while increasing the dose of DES.

The formation of the theories of visceral manifestations as well as channels and collaterals in the books Huangdi Neijing (Inner Canon of Huangdi) and Nan Jing (Classic of Questioning) laid down the theoretical foundation for the theories of syndrome differentiation of zang--fu viscera. From the early occurrence of syndrome classification to that of the disease manifestations of zang and fu viscera, the theories of syndrome differentiation of zang--fu viscera were basically not put into practice until Shanghan Zabing Lun (Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases) appeared. The theories of syndrome differentiation of zang--fu viscera in the Qin and Han Dynasties were not systematic and were scattered, indicating that it was a period of gestation for the theories.

NET-1 is a new tumor-related gene. So far, its expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) hasn't been reported. This study was to screen and compare the expression of NET-1 among fetal liver tissue, adult normal liver tissue, HCC and adjacent noncancerous tissues; explore its expression feature in HCC.The expression of NET-1 mRNA in 3 specimens of fetal liver tissue, 4 specimens of adult liver tissue, 4 specimens of test HCC tissue, and 28 specimens of HCC and adjacent noncancerous tissues was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression level of NET-1 gene was analyzed by Four-Star image analysis software. NET-1 gene polyclonal antibody was generated by gene biological engineering, and its expression in human hepatic cancer cell line SMMC-7721 was observed under laser confocal microscope. The expression of NET-1 protein in the 28 specimens of HCC and adjacent noncancerous tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry.NET-1 mRNA was expressed in all of the 4 specimens of test HCC tissue, but didn't express in normal adult and fetal liver tissues; the positive rates of NET-1 mRNA were 85.71% (24/28) in both HCC and adjacent noncancerous tissues. The mRNA level of NET-1 was significantly higher in HCC than in adjacent noncancerous tissues (0.65 vs. 0.47, P0.05). Observed under confocal microscope, NET-1 antibody was expressed in cytoplasm of SMMC-7721 cells. The positive rate of NET-1 protein was significantly higher in HCC than in adjacent noncancerous tissues (96.43% vs. 71.43%, P0.05). In both HCC and adjacent noncancerous tissues, the positive rate of NET-1 mRNA was positively correlated to that of NET-1 protein (r=0.48, P0.05; r=0.40, P0.05).NET-1 gene expression might be an early event in HCC development, and may have specific value in HCC diagnosis.

Most of breast cancer patients died of distant metastasis. There is still not a method of predicting and early diagnosing the metastasis. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the expression of multiple tumor suppressor 1(MTS1) as well as E-cadherin and metastasis in breast cancer.The expression of MTS1 and E-cadherin were detected by SP immunohistochemical technique in 54 paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of breast cancer.The positive rates of MTS1 in the distant metastasis group and more than 4 local lymph node metastasis group were 40.7% and 38.1%, respectively, which were lower than individual corresponding control groups (74.1% and 69.7%) (P0.05). The MTS1 expression rates in the three groups of pathology grade I, II, and III were 72.6%, 58.8%, and 31.3%, respectively, with significant differences (P0.05). The positive rates of E-cadherin in the distant metastasis group and more than 4 local lymph node metastasis group were 37% and 23.8%, respectively, which are lower than individual corresponding control groups (70.4% and 66.7%) (P0.05). The E-cadherin expression rates in the three groups of pathology grade I, II, III were 80.9%, 47.1%,and 25%, respectively, with significant differences (P0.01).There was a close relation between MTS1, E-cadherin and invasion, metastasis of breast cancer. They can be used as the biological markers for evaluating the latent metastasis, disease development, and prognosis in breast cancer.