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Oral preparations of Casearia sylvestris (guacatonga) are used as antacid, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antiulcerogenic medicines. The clerodane diterpenes casearin B and caseargrewiin F are major active compounds in vitro and in vivo. The oral bioavailability and metabolism of casearin B and caseargrewiin F were not previously investigated. We aimed to assess the stability of casearin B and caseargrewiin F in physiological conditions and their metabolism in human liver microsomes. The compounds were identified by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and quantified by validated LC-MS methods. The stability of casearin B and caseargrewiin F in physiological conditions was assessed in vitro. Both diterpenes showed a fast degradation (p

Pitaya is a rich source of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and betalains. Moreover, these compounds has been associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of this fruit on glycemia and oxidative stress in aloxan-induced diabetic mice. Thus, considering that In the in vivo assays, the mice were divided into 5 groups (n = 6): (a) healthy group treated with water; (b) diabetic mice treated with metformin at 200 mg/kg body weight diluted in water; (c) untreated diabetic mice; (d) diabetic mice treated with pitaya at 200 mg/kg and (e) diabetic mice treated with pitaya at 400 mg/kg of body weight diluted in water. The results shows that pitaya was able significantly to reduce blood glucose (p < 0.05) (200 mg/kg); significantly reduce cholesterol (200 and 400 mg/kg) and significantly increase HDL-c (400 mg/kg) levels. In the oxidative stress experiment, Malondialdehyde levels in the liver were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in the groups treated with pitaya, when compared to the other groups, suggesting lower lipid peroxidation. The consumption of pitaya reduced the blood glucose and cholesterol and increase the HDL, in addition, the lipid peroxidation - which is common in diabetic patients, was reduced.

Fusarium kalimantanense is a genetic lineage of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) and belongs to the Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC). This pathogen is a causative agent of Panama disease, an infection that has caused damage to the banana crop worldwide. Bacillus sp. (LPPC170) showed preliminary antagonist activity against F. kalimantanense (LPPC130) in vitro tests from the cultivation of axenic culture and co-culture with inhibition of mycelial growth of phytopathogen of 41.23%. According to these findings, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from Bacillus sp. were obtained by solid-phase microextraction and identified by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The multivariate data analysis tool (PLS-DA and Heatmap) identified short-chain organic acids as the main antagonistic VOCs responsible for inhibiting the mycelial growth of LPPC130. Acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of LPPC130, with inhibition of 20.68%, 33.30%, 26.87%, 43.71%, and 53.10%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that VOCs caused damage to the vegetative and reproductive structures of the fungus. These results suggest Bacillus LPPC170 as an excellent biocontrol tool against the phytopathogen causative agents of Panama disease.

The genus Phyllanthus belongs to the family Phyllanthaceae with large global distribution, with about 833 species, including Phyllanthus amarus and P. niruri. These species are widely used in traditional medicine because of their pharmacological potential. The objective of this work is to measure the potential of genus Phyllanthus after a technological and scientific monitoring to quantify and evaluate publications and patents related to Phyllanthus spp. with emphasis on P. amarus and P. niruri. The scientific monitoring summarizes morphotaxonomic, pharmacological, chemical, ethnomedicinal and biological aspects. The research was carried out based on papers found in journals deposited in the Web of Science and NCBI (PUBMED) databases and on patents found in the European Patent Office (ESPACENET), Google Patents and the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI). The results show strong interest in the areas of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry. Patents fall within the Human Necessities section by International Patent Classification as preparations for Medical, Dental or Hygienic Purposes. The summary of monitoring analysis demonstrates the potential pharmacological potential of P. amarus and P. niruri as agents to treat different types of diseases and a range of possibilities for clinical trials in several areas of health.

Hippeastrum elegans is a Brazilian Amaryllidaceae plant producing galantamine (GAL), an anticholinesterase drug for Alzheimer's disease, besides other alkaloids such as pseudolycorine (PSE), narciclasine (NAR) and sanguinine (SAN). Therefore, we used a metabolomic approach to investigate the influence of the harvest time on its chemical composition and acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE). Alkaloid extracts were analyzed by UPLC-ESI-MS and 1H NMR, then assessed for AChE inhibitory activity. These data were combined and analyzed by Partial Least Square (PLS) regression. H. elegans was found to be rich in PSE and NAR, achieving higher contents in 270 and 390 days of cultivation, respectively. However, the highest anti-AChE activities were observed for 450 days-bulbs extracts. PLS indicated pseudolycorine as the discriminant compound for this extract, hence responsible for its higher anti-AChE activity jointly with the known AChE inhibitors GAL and SAN. Thus, the cultivation of H. elegans appears to be a promising way for providing bioactive alkaloids.

Brown propolis from northern Ceara, Brazil, was found to contain predominantly sesquiterpenes in its volatile profile. The ethanolic propolis extract yielded a substantial apolar fraction (80.07 ± 1.47%) after liquid–liquid partitioning, which explains the low phenolic content (41.33 ± 1.68 mgGAE gEXT−1). Phenolics, such as p-coumaric (0.13 ± 0.04 mg gEPE−1), ferulic (1.07 ± 0.09 mg gEPE−1), and trans-cinnamic (0.41 ± 0.02 mg gEPE−1) acids, were detected in the EtOH-soluble extract. The apolar fraction was rich in triterpenes such as cycloartenol (12.85 ± 2.80%), α-amyrenyl acetate (4.37 ± 0.69%), and α-amyrin (3.89 ± 0.62%). Despite the lack of a direct antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 1199-B, both fractions exhibited potentiating effects in combination with norfloxacin; these effects could be attributed to efflux pump inhibition. The apolar fraction was more effective than the EtOH-soluble one at reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration, producing similar results to chlorpromazine and ethidium bromide. The EtOH-soluble fraction exhibited cytostatic properties at lower concentrations, while the apolar fraction demonstrated better selectivity for PC3 and HL60 tumor cells. The findings highlight the biological potential of Brazilian brown propolis for application as a complementary agent in the treatment of S. aureus infections and as an alternative therapy for cancer treatment.

The whitefly Aleurodicus cocois is one of the main pests of cashew, Anacardium occidentale L. in Brazil. The use of essential oils and their constituents is an alternative means of controlling pest...

Oversprouting is a poorly studied disease of guarana plant (Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis), a native species from Amazon Rainforest caused by Fusarium decemcellulare (FDC) that affects the plant growth and reproduction, severely compromising productivity. The sorbilis variety of guarana is anciently cultivated and is used today for the industry of soft drinks, cosmetic and pharmaceutical. Transcriptome, proteome, light and electron microscopy were used to compare symptomatic and asymptomatic tissues and reveal anatomical, histological and cytological alterations resultant from the disease. Disease symptoms described here include a marked reduction in the longitudinal axis and the formation of “capsules”, named as this for the first time here, which display hard thickened external walls and contain extremely malformed floral organs and/or poorly differentiated vegetative primordia when occurring isolate in individual branching points. The aggregate of multiple “capsules” in a same branch point produces galls. The production of indol-acetic acid (IAA) in vitro by F. decemcellulare was for the first time reported and the comparative transcriptome and preliminary proteome data from symptomatic and asymptomatic tissues, support the occurrence of hormonal imbalance identified through several plant hormone-related genes and proteins differentially expressed only in symptomatic tissues. Auxin signaling mechanism, as well as auxin-responsive genes associated to cell cycling, division and proliferation also occurred differentially in infected tissues. Oversprouting and the reduction of the longitudinal axis in malformed cells and organs are related to hormonal unbalance are discussed in this paper.

The use of mushrooms in medicine is quite old and the first report about the use of genus Agaricus in treatment of ulcers occurred in Byzantine period. This mushroom is widely consumed as food, tea, food supplements, as well as nutraceutical and cosmeceutical applications, being cultivated and appreciated in several countries such as Brazil, Korea, Japan and China.This study aimed to characterize the chemical profile and the potential gastroprotective effect of hydroalcoholic extract from Agaricus blazei Murill (HEAb).The extract was chemically characterized by elemental analysis, UPLC-QTOF-MSMannitol, malic acid, pyroglutamic acid, L-agaritine and L-valine were putatively identified by UPLC-QTOF-MSIn this study was possible to conclude that HEAb has gastroprotective effect related to the involvement of NO and PG pathways in the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in mice.

Potassium (K

The matrix effects in bell pepper samples were studied. The simultaneous determination of six organophosphorus (OPPs) pesticides (chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, disulfoton, ethoprophos, fenchlorphos, an...

Sao Francisco River Valley (SFRV) is a wine-producing semi-arid region in Brazil. Therefore, we used a 1H NMR and UPLC-MS-based metabolomic approach coupled to chemometrics to evaluate the variability in Chenin Blanc and Syrah wines for two harvest seasons, two vine training system and six rootstocks. Overall, the secondary metabolites were influenced by the three factors studied, whereas the primary metabolites were only by the seasonality. Chenin Blanc wines made in December presented higher content of an unidentified carbohydrate. In Syrah wines, glycerol, tartaric acid, succinic acid and 2,3-butanediol were greater in December, while proline and lactic acid were more abundant in July. For training system, caffeic acid derivatives were increased in wines produced from espalier. Lyre system increased phenolic compounds, organic acids and apocarotenoids. The effect of the rootstocks was less pronounced, affecting basically caffeic acid derivatives. Thus, we expect that our results may assist the winemakers to improve the SFRV wine quality.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:40:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-07-24 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Mycobacterium tuberculosis is highly infectious, persistent and has been detected in more than one quarter of the world's population. It is notoriously resistant to sterilization and disinfection procedures, largely due to an unusual hydrophobic cell wall and effective defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. This work shows an effective method to reduce M. tuberculosis quantity in water by using Ti/TiO2 nanotubes electrodes bare and coated with Ag nanoparticles by using photoelectrocatalytic oxidation process. The results have indicated 99.999% of inactivation of a solution spiked with standard and resistant strains of 1x10(4) CFU mL(-1) M. tuberculosis after 5 min of treatment at Ti/TiO2 photoanode in 0.05 mol L-1 Na2SO4 (pH 6) under applied potential of + 1.5 V versus Ag/AgCl and UV irradiation. The mycobacteria degradation was monitored by dissolved total organic carbon (TOC) removal, carbohydrate release, chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy measurements and it is slightly superior to photocatalysis and photolysis processes. All the results corroborated with the complete inactivation and degradation of the byproducts generated during cell lysis. [GRAPHICS] . Univ Fed Mato Grosso, Inst Chem, Dept Chem, Cuiaba, MT, Brazil UNESP, Dept Biol Sci, Araraquara, Fac Pharmaceut Sci Araraquara, Araraquara, Brazil UNESP, Dept Analyt Chem, Inst Chem Araraquara, Araraquara, Brazil Embrapa Agroind Trop, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil UNESP, Dept Biol Sci, Araraquara, Fac Pharmaceut Sci Araraquara, Araraquara, Brazil UNESP, Dept Analyt Chem, Inst Chem Araraquara, Araraquara, Brazil FAPESP: 2009/09403-5

Egletes viscosa (L.) Less (Asteraceae) is a tropical aromatic herb whose flower buds are used for gastrointestinal disorders. Its gastroprotective properties have been attributed to the flavonoid ternatin and the furan diterpenes tanabalin and centipedic acid. The aim of this study was to develop a method of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization and mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS) for identifying the constituents from E. viscosa flower buds as well as quantifying its bioactive compounds in herbal products. Infusions and tincture from wild and commercial E. viscosa materials were directly injected on a UPLC-quadrupole-time-of-flight system (UPLC-q-TOF). Afterwards, reference standards were used to quantify ternatin, tanabalin and centipedic acid in these samples, employing a UPLC-single quadrupole system set up for positive mode and Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM). Seventeen compounds were identified, including caffeic acid derivatives, flavonoids and diterpenes, from which seven have been reported for the first time in this specie. The quantification method showed good linearity (R > 0.99), accuracy, precision and sensitivity. The intra-day and inter-day precisions presented relative standard deviations inferior to 6.04 and 8.78%, respectively. The recoveries of all the analytes varied 82.25–117.87%. The limits of detection and quantification ranged between 10–25 μg/L and 25–75 μg/L, respectively. For the samples, the contents of ternatin, tanabalin and centipedic acid ranged from 0.89 to 8.03 mg/L, 0.84–16.8 mg/L and 3.21–16.8 mg/L, respectively. The method demonstrated to be rapid, sensitive and reliable for the quality control of E. viscosa-based products, besides being applicable to other plant extracts containing flavonoids and diterpenes.

The aim of this study was use the pulsed light (PL) as tool to booster the postharvest resistance in melons. Cantaloupe melons at mature stage were submitted to the treatments as follows: control, pulsed light (PL; 9 J cm−2), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP; 600 nL L-1) and 1-MCP + PL (600 nL L-1 + 9 J cm−2). Postharvest resistance measurements according survival analysis developed at 4 °C, included: ethylene production, 1-aminocyclopropane- l -carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase activity, ACC synthase activity, firmness, pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, SS/AT ratio, soluble sugars, vitamin C, total polyphenols, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity, colour epicarp, free polyamines (putrescine-Put, spermine-Spe and spermidine-Spd) and total polyamines (TPo). Combined effect of the PL+1-MCP promoted an additional of 12 days in the shelf life of melons. PL limited the ethylene biosynthesis leading to an immediate upregulation of polyamines (Put + Spe + Spd), hence, associated with high amounts of TPo (56%). PL treatment promoted an increase of PAL activity (67%) that synthesized high content of phenolic compounds (55%). The results suggest that PL with a fluence of 9 J cm−2 stimulate the postharvest defense mechanisms in melon, due to the ethylene production limitation, which was influenced by the increased polyamines, maintaining the quality attributes.

The global water bottling market grows annually. Today, to ensure consumer safety, it is important to verify the possible migration of compounds from bottles into the water contained in them. Potential health risks due to the prevalence of bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates (PAEs) exposure through water bottle consumption have become an important issue. BPA, benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) can cause adverse effects on human health. Papers of literature published in English, with BPA, BBP, DBP and DEHP detections during 2017, by 2019 by liquid chromatography and gas chromatography analysis methods were searched. The highest concentrations of BPA, BBP, DBP and DEHP in all the bottled waters studied were found to be 5.7, 12.11, 82.8 and 64.0 μg/L, respectively. DBP was the most compound detected and the main contributor by bottled water consumption with 23.7% of the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI). Based on the risk assessment, BPA, BBP, DBP and DEHP in commercial water bottles do not pose a serious concern for humans. The average estrogen equivalent level revealed that BPA, BBP, DBP and DEHP in bottled waters may induce adverse estrogenic effects on human health. HIGHLIGHTS DBP was the most compound detected.; An estimated intake of BPA, BBP, DBP and DEHP was far below their TDIs.; The risk assessment of BPA, BBP, DBP and DEHP does not raise serious concern for humans.; The average estrogen equivalent level for BPA, BBP, DBP and DEHP may induce adverse estrogenic effects on human health.; BPA, BBP, DBP and DEHP in bottled water need more accurate data to avoid their effects on human health.

Natural products and their secondary metabolites are promising starting points for the development of drug prototypes and new drugs, as many current treatments for numerous diseases are directly or indirectly related to such compounds. State-of-the-art, curated, integrated, and frequently updated databases of secondary metabolites are thus highly relevant to drug discovery. The SistematX Web Portal, introduced in 2018, is undergoing development to address this need and documents crucial information about plant secondary metabolites, including the exact location of the species from which the compounds were isolated. SistematX also allows registered users to log in to the data management area and gain access to administrative pages. This study reports recent updates and modifications to the SistematX Web Portal, including a batch download option, the generation and visualization of 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and the calculation of physicochemical (drug-like and lead-like) properties and biological activity profiles. The SistematX Web Portal is freely available at http://sistematx.ufpb.br.

Cinnamic acid and its derivatives show a remarkable variety of biological activities and are often studied in search of the development of new and highly effective drugs. This work aims to synthesize, characterize and evaluate the cytotoxic activity of esters derived from cinnamic acid. Eighteen esters were synthesized through Steglich’s esterification, of which eleven were not reported in the literature. All compounds were fully characterized by Fourier transform infrared epectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) data. The cytotoxic activity of esters obtained was evaluated using four human tumor cell lines: SNB-19 (astrocytoma), HCT-116 (colon carcinoma, human), PC3 (prostate) and HL60 (promyelocytic leukemia) through the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)- 2,5‑diphenyl-2H‑tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay. These studies showed that the compound 3-methoxybenzyl (E)‑3‑(4‑methoxyphenyl)acrylate (12) is the most potent against HCT-116, PC3 and SBN-19 cells, with the lowest half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 16.2 μM in the HCT-116 strain. The derivatives were obtained in good yields (76.6-95%), except for compounds 5-isopropyl-2-methylphenyl (E)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acrylate (17) (18.6%) and 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl (E)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acrylate (18) (15.5%).

Metabolomics, together with analytical methods and chemometric tools, point to new paths for selecting species that are resistant to pests and diseases. In this work, the forage palm species’ metabolomic profile was investigated, and the relation between the chemical composition and resistance to Dactylopius opuntiae (carmine cochineal). The study was performed in cladodes of different non-susceptible cultivars (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck, Opuntia stricta (Haw.), Nopalea cochenillifera and susceptible cultivar (Opuntia ficus‑indica (L.) Mill.)). Metabolic profile showed 28 metabolites detected in the four species. From these total, 18 metabolites were annotated using UPLC‑QTOF‑MSE (ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an electrospray ionization quadrupole time‑of-flight mass spectrometry operating in MSE mode). By comparing the chemical profiles of non-susceptible and susceptible species through the application of chemometric tools, it was possible to obtain biomarkers (quercetin-3‑O‑2’,6’‑dirhamnosylglucoside, quercetin rhamnosyl dihexoside, and isorhamnetin-3-sophoroside-7‑rhamnoside) that may be associated with resistance to carmine cochineal. Metabolomics based on UPLC-QTOF-MSE and chemometric allowed to establish the biomarkers knowledge of the resistance present in forage palm species. These results contribute to developing the initial understanding of flavonoids’ role in the defense mechanisms of cactaceans and can be useful for application in breeding programs; it can increase the chances of success in creating new varieties of plants not susceptible to carmine cochineal.

Plant phenolic extracts are widely recognized as an important source of natural antioxidant substances and potential compounds for cosmetic formulations. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical profile, photoprotective and antioxidant activities of stem bark extract of Spondias purpurea L. (ciriguela) and its application in photoprotective formulations. Thirty phenolic constituents were annotated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in mode negative (UPLC‑QTOF-MS2). The stem bark extract antioxidant and chelation potential, expressed in half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), showed 6.25 and 352.22 μg mL−1, respectively. The phenolic extract was used as an active ingredient in six sunscreen formulations, with concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 10%. The ultraviolet (UV) protection properties of the formulations were evaluated by sun protection factor (SPF) values obtained in 0.2 mg mL−1 (0.495 to 2.27) and 2.0 mg mL−1 (2.29 to 15.87). The SPF value for the extract (14.37 and 26.16) was high, but there was a reduction in the base formulation. However, these results suggested that the bioactive extracted of stem bark of Spondias purpurea L. has interesting potential to reduce the damage caused by UV radiation and may be utilized as an active ingredient in a sunscreen formulation.

This study tested three types of Solid-Phase Microextraction fibers in developing a method to extract volatile organic compounds present in the diet of immature Centris analis. Samples were placed in glass vials with metal lids and added with 3g NaCl and 8 ml deionized water. Extraction and characterization were carried out using a Headspace – Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) with Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry, and the three types of fibers were polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), divinylbenzene/ carboxen/ polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) and carboxen/ polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS). Each type of fiber was exposed to volatiles for 30 min and analyzed in a chromatograph Agilent GC-MS equipped with a quadrupole detector (MSD 5977A), containing a HP-5MS (30 m x 0.25 mm x 0.25 µm) column and Helium as the carrier gas (1 ml.min-1). The CAR / PDMS fiber favored the extraction of volatile compounds to semi-volatile compounds, followed by DVB / CAR / PDMS, while PDMS presented a lower number of extracted compounds, which can be attributed to its apolar nature. The volatile compounds identified in the diet included alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, and terpenes. The SPME technique has proven effective in the extraction of volatile organic compounds from immature of Centris analis diet, being the CAR/PDMS the most suitable fiber for this. El presente estudio se propuso probar tres tipos de fibras de Microextracción en Fase Sólida en el desarrollo de un método para extraer compuestos orgánicos volátiles presentes en la dieta de inmaduros de Centris analis. Las muestras se colocaron en viales de vidrio con tapas metálicas y se agregaron 3 g de NaCl y 8 ml de agua desionizada. La extracción y caracterización se realizó mediante un Headspace - Microextracción en Fase Sólida (HS-SPME) con Cromatografía de Gas - Espectrometría de Masas, y los tres tipos de fibras fueron polidimetilsiloxano (PDMS), divinilbenceno / carboxeno / polidimetilsiloxano (DVB / CAR / PDMS) y carboxeno / polidimetilsiloxano (CAR / PDMS). Cada tipo de fibra se expuso a volátiles durante 30 min y se analizó en un cromatógrafo Agilent GC-MS equipado con un detector cuadrupolo (MSD 5977A), que contenía una columna HP-5MS (30 mx 0,25 mm x 0,25 µm) y Helio como gas portador (1 ml.min-1). La fibra CAR / PDMS favoreció la extracción de compuestos volátiles a compuestos semivolátiles, seguida de DVB / CAR / PDMS, mientras que el PDMS tuvo un menor número de compuestos extraídos, lo que se puede atribuir a su carácter apolar. Los compuestos volátiles identificados en la dieta incluyen alcoholes, aldehídos, ésteres, cetonas y terpenos. La técnica SPME ha demostrado su eficacia en la extracción de compuestos orgánicos volátiles de la dieta de inmaduros de Centris analis, siendo CAR / PDMS la fibra más adecuada para esto. O presente trabalho objetivou testar três tipos de fibras de Microextração de Fase Sólida no desenvolvimento de um método para extrair compostos orgânicos voláteis presentes na dieta de imaturos de Centris analis. As amostras foram colocadas em frascos de vidro com tampas de metal e adicionadas com 3g de NaCl e 8 ml de água deionizada. A extração e caracterização foram realizadas usando um Headspace - Microextração de Fase Sólida (HS-SPME) com Cromatografia a Gás - Espectrometria de Massa, e os três tipos de fibras foram polidimetilsiloxano (PDMS), divinilbenzeno / carboxeno / polidimetilsiloxano (DVB/CAR/ PDMS) e carboxeno / polidimetilsiloxano (CAR/PDMS). Cada tipo de fibra foi exposto a voláteis por 30 min e analisado em um cromatógrafo Agilent GC-MS equipada com um detector quadrupolo (MSD 5977A), contendo uma coluna HP-5MS (30 mx 0,25 mm x 0,25 µm) e Hélio como transportador gás (1 ml.min-1). A fibra CAR / PDMS favoreceu a extração de compostos voláteis a compostos semivoláteis, seguida de DVB / CAR / PDMS, enquanto o PDMS apresentou menor número de compostos extraídos, o que pode ser atribuído ao seu caráter apolar. Os compostos voláteis identificados na dieta incluem álcoois, aldeídos, ésteres, cetonas e terpenos. A técnica SPME se mostrou eficaz na extração de compostos orgânicos voláteis oriundos da dieta de imaturos de Centris analis, sendo CAR/PDMS a fibra mais indicada para tal.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:24:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-10-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundacao Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (FUNCAP) AGROPAULO Agroindustrial S/A The alternative use of plant essential oils as pesticide, repellent and/or antifeedant has been emphasized as an important tool in integrated pest management (IPM), promoted by the growing interest in methods that fulfil requirements of efficiency, safety, selectivity, technically feasible and environmentally safe. The objective of this work was to determine the pesticide potential of essential oils of rosemary pepper (Lippia origanoides Kunth; Verbenaceae), citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt; Poaceae) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus [DC.] Stapf; Poaceae) to control fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda [J.E. Smith]; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Ovicidal, larvicidal and pupicidal activity was evaluated with five dosages (0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5% and 5.0% v/v) and a negative control (neutral detergent at 5.0% v/v). Unhatched eggs, mortality of caterpillars and non-emerged adults were recorded using ovicidal and pupicidal percentage, and median lethal doses (LD50) to caterpillars. The essential oils showed insecticidal activity on the egg, caterpillar 3rd instars and pupae stages, highlighting the rapid action and high mortality rates caused by the L. origanoides essential oil, which registered, at lowest dosage, average 97.8% ovicidal activity and 81.3% pupicidal activity; in addition to LD50 on 3rd instar caterpillars, 0.001% by exposure and 0.033% by topical application. Essential oils of C. citratus and C. winterianus required longer periods to act and caused significant mortality on the three stages, registering LD50 0.008% and 0.159% for exposure, and 1.151% and 1.348% for topical application, respectively. Citronella oil caused behavioral changes in caterpillars, which reflected flight and aggressiveness. Therefore, these three essential oils can be an alternative for management of fall armywonn, with the potential to hinder and reduce its biotic potential. Univ Fed Rural Semi Arido, Pos Grad Fitotecnia, BR-59625900 Mossoro, RN, Brazil Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Posgrad Agr Trop Umido, BR-69060001 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Posgrad Agron, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil IN Solucoes Biol Ltda, BR-60440593 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil Embrapa Agroind Trop, Empresa Brasileira Pesquisa Agr, BR-6051111 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Fitotecnia, BR-60356001 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Posgrad Agron, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:35:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-09-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:04:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-50532020000901926.pdf: 2171924 bytes, checksum: bda45f03c09642f18b9474d829b3b9c0 (MD5) The essential oil of Cymbopogon nardus, citronella, has been extensively studied. However, the chemical and biological properties of the ethanolic extract (EE) of C. nardus have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of the EE of C. nardus and its active fraction (FrD). Moreover, the cytotoxic and antifungal properties of these extracts against Candida species with different resistance profiles to conventional drugs were evaluated. The compounds identified in EE were mono-C- and di-C-glycosyl flavones and phenylpropanoid glycosides. Phenylpropanoid glycosides were identified in FrD. EE showed antifungal activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 62.5 to 500 µg mL-1. FrD was more effective against C. glabrata, as evidenced by the lowest MIC value (15.6 µg mL-1). EE inhibited yeast growth similar to amphotericin-B, as demonstrated by similar time-kill curves. EE inhibited C. albicans hyphae formation and mature biofilm of C. albicans, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis. The results of the chemical and biological analyses of EE and its fractions provided novel information and may contribute to control of infections caused by Candida species. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Departamento de Princípios Ativos Naturais e Toxicologia Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Departamento de Princípios Ativos Naturais e Toxicologia Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)

In this study, a polysaccharide from marine alga Acanthophora spicifera (PAs) was isolated and structurally characterized. Its protective potential against chemically-induced gastric mucosa injury was evaluated. The gel permeation chromatography experiments and spectroscopy spectrum showed that PAs is a sulfated polysaccharide with a high molecular mass (6.98 × 105g/mol) and degree of sulfation of 1.23, exhibiting structural characteristic typical of an agar-type polysaccharide. Experimental results demonstrated that PAs reduced the hemorrhagic gastric injury, in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, PAs reduced the intense gastric oxidative stress, measured by glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. PAs also prevented the reduction of mucus levels adhered to the gastric mucosa, promoted by the aggressive effect of ethanol. In summary, the sulfated polysaccharide from A. spicifera protected the gastric mucosa through the prevention of lipid peroxidation and enhanced the defense mechanisms of the gastric mucosa, suggesting as a promising functional food as gastroprotective agent.

Cashew apple extract (CAE) is a product with intense yellow color obtained from residual fibers of juice processing. Although CAE is known to be rich in carotenoids and anacardic acids, the biological activities of this potential natural food colorant remain unexplored. The present study is the first to investigate the toxicity, antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities of the lyophilized CAE (L-CAE) and its encapsulated products, using maltodextrin (M-CAE) or cashew gum (CG-CAE) as carriers. In addition to their high carotenoid content, the phenolic contents in all materials was determined using UPLC-QTOF-MS(E). The acute toxicity was performed using adult zebrafish (Danio rerio); antiproliferative activity was assessed using seven different human tumor cell lines [U-251 (glioblastoma), MCF-7 (breast, adenocarcinoma), NCI-ADR/RES (multidrug-resistant ovarian adenocarcinoma), NCI-H-460 (lung, large cell carcinoma), PC-3 (prostate, adenocarcinoma), OVCAR-3 (ovarian adenocarcinoma), and HT-29 (colon, adenocarcinoma)] and an immortalized human keratinocyte (HaCaT) while the antimicrobioal activity was evaluated on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 51812 microorganisms. Both lyophilized and encapsulated CAE samples did not exert acute toxicity against zebrafish neither antiproliferative effect against human tumor and non-tumor cell lines. Further, L-CAE showed potential antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, which was confirmed using electron microscopy. The current findings demonstrated that CAE is a potential source of bioactive compounds to use as an additive in the food industry. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s13197-020-04594-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

We investigated the foraging pattern of A. mellifera in five commercial types of melon (Yellow, Cantaloupe, Charentais, Galia and Piel de Sapo) grown side by side. We also observed if this bee species can discriminate between flowers of the five melon types and if it shows preference for flowers of any of them. Results showed that the bees visit flowers of all types of melon throughout the day collecting pollen and nectar in similar foraging patterns. However, they visited significantly more flowers of the Cantaloupe type followed by the types Piel de Sapo and Yellow, while the melons type Galia and Charentais were the least visited by the bees. This behavior has implications for the use of A. mellifera for melon pollination, requiring that the bees be managed according to the type of melon cultivated. It also highlights the need to find out what makes flowers of some melon types to be more visited than others in order to select within the less visited types of melon for cultivars more attractive to the bees. RESUMO Investigamos o padrão de forrageamento de A. mellifera em cinco tipos comerciais de melão (Amarelo, Cantaloupe, Charentais, Gália e Pele de Sapo) cultivados lado a lado. Observamos também se esta espécie de abelha pode discriminar entre flores dos cinco tipos de melão e se mostra preferência por flores de qualquer um deles. Os resultados mostraram que as abelhas visitam flores de todos os tipos de melão ao longo do dia coletando pólen e néctar em padrões similares de forrageamento. No entanto, elas visitaram significativamente mais flores do tipo Cantaloupe, seguido dos tipos Pele de Sapo e Amarelo, enquanto os melões tipo Gália e Charentais foram os menos visitados pelas abelhas. Este comportamento tem implicações para o uso de A. mellifera na polinização do melão, exigindo que as abelhas sejam manejadas de acordo com o tipo de melão cultivado. Ele também destaca a necessidade de descobrir o que faz com que as flores de alguns tipos de melão sejam mais visitadas do que de outros, a fim de selecionar, dentro dos tipos de melão menos visitados, cultivares mais atraentes para as abelhas.

Cashew apple presents a characteristic astringency. However, the compounds responsible for this characteristic were not described yet. A cashew apple extract was added to a BSA solution and the compounds before and after precipitation were analyzed by UPLC-QTOF/MSE. The extract astringency was measured on a 5-point scale (0: non astringent and 4: extremely astringent). Among the phenolics detected anacardic acids were identified and evaluated for their astringent effect. In the sensorial tests the cashew apple extract was considered very astringent (average of 2.5). A mixture of anacardic acids, had an average of 1.76 (astringent). The three isolated anacardic acids were evaluated. The in silicoexperiments were performed to analyze mainly the steric factor associated to the binding. The sensory results were confirmed by in silico analysis, indicating that a higher unsaturation degree of the aliphatic chain leads to an astringency increase.

Complete characterization of microfiltered red-purple pitaya colorant (MRPPC) and its potential applications in foods is described. Using sensorial analysis, products that use carmine or beetroot dye as a food colorant in their formulations were compared. The effect of storage under refrigeration on the microbiological, physicochemical, and chemical changes of MRPPC were evaluated. The results showed that UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS

Pulsed light, as a postharvest technology, is an alternative to traditional fungicides, and can be used on a wide variety of fruit and vegetables for sanitization or pathogen control. In addition to these applications, other effects also are detected in vegetal cells, including changes in metabolism and secondary metabolite production, which directly affect disease control response mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate pulsed ultraviolet light in controlling postharvest rot, caused by Fusarium pallidoroseum in 'Spanish' melon, in natura, and its implications in disease control as a function of metabolomic variation to fungicidal or fungistatic effects. The dose of pulsed light (PL) that inhibited F. pallidoroseum growth in melons (Cucumis melo var. Spanish) was 9 KJ m-2. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to a quadrupole-time-of-flight (QTOF) mass analyzer identified 12 compounds based on tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) fragmentation patterns. Chemometric analysis by Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squared Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) and corresponding S-Plot were used to evaluate the changes in fruit metabolism. PL technology provided protection against postharvest disease in melons, directly inhibiting the growth of F. pallidoroseum through the upregulation of specific fruit biomarkers such as pipecolic acid (11), saponarin (7), and orientin (3), which acted as major markers for the defense system against pathogens. PL can thus be proposed as a postharvest technology to prevent chemical fungicides and may be applied to reduce the decay of melon quality during its export and storage.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:11:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-01 Spondias species are a relevant source of natural-bioactive compounds in Brazilian folk medicine, and its biological potential has not been explored. Thus, this study aimed to determine the metabolomic fingerprint of Spondias mombin and Spondias tuberosa leaves based on the use of reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometer (UPLC-HRMS). The analysis by UPLC-HRMS allowed the annotation of 31 metabolites. The multivariate analysis allowed us to identify the biomarkers responsible for the distinction between species. Also, we correlate the biomarkers of S. mombin and S. tuberosa as supposed responsible for the difference in the degree of cytotoxicity between them. The in silico evaluation was performed to give more consistency to the correlation between biomarkers and cytotoxicity, which were compared to commercial drugs. Therefore, this study showed that S. mombin has the potential to become an input for the pharmaceutical industry as a source of raw material that can positively impact the sectors of agricultural production. Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Humberto Monte, s/n - Pici Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical. Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita, 2270 - Pici Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos - NPDM Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Mello 1000 Empresa Paraibana de Pesquisa Extensão Rural e Regularização Fundiária - EMPAER - PB Embrapa Semiárido, Rodovia BR-428, Km 152, Zona Rural Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), Câmpus São José do Rio Preto Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Humberto Monte, s/n - Pici Embrapa Alimentos e Territórios - Maceió Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), Câmpus São José do Rio Preto

Myracrodruon urundeuva (aroeira-do-sertão) is a species threatened with extinction due to anthropogenic exploitation. Phytochemical analysis of bark, branch and leaf extracts revealed the presence of several compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, quercetin derivatives and anacardic acids. Dereplication methodology was performed to tentatively identify 50 compounds analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry operating in MSE mode (UPLC-QTOF-MSE). The extracts exhibited anti-tumor effect in cancer cells HCT-116 (colorectal), SF-295 (glioblastoma), HL-60 (leukemia), and RAJI (leukemia). Also, these results correlate with the principal component analysis (PCA) data that identified three distinct groups indicating, efficiently, metabolic differences between organs of M. urundeuva. Through discriminatory analysis of the orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS-DA), the variable of importance in the projection (VIP) and S-Plot, we were able to determine 30 potential biomarkers. The fingerprint of hydroethanolic extracts was correlated with the cytotoxicity assay and demonstrated a significant difference in the composition of plant extract. Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-24T18:17:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MetabolomicsBasedDiscoveryofBiomarkerswith2019.pdf: 3991156 bytes, checksum: 1d6d7fbdb69123f422ac2fdeac45d5cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019 On-line

The collection time could be an important target for optimizing technological processes in obtaining essential oils of interest to agribusiness. The objective of this study was to distinguish the time for the collecting of Achillea millefolium L. leaves, which provides the highest yield and quality of the essential oil. Also, identify the type of polyethylene packaging and leaf storage period during the one-year period that would maintain the essential oil characteristics. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemometric studies were performed into two steps trial to detect changes in chemical profile induced by different conditions. First, an analysis of the leaf collection time was performed using chromatographic data from six different gathering times throughout the day. After determining the best time to collect from the leaves, the essential oil was extracted in five storage periods over a year. The highest oil content was observed in leaves harvested between 11 and 15 h, with a maximum of 39 min after 13 h. Therefore, it is recommended to perform extraction in the early afternoon. There was no significant statistical differentiation related to polyethylene packages. In addition, it is recommended that the essential oil can be stored without significant changes for up to six months.

Our study aimed at the development of a method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS) using selected ion monitoring for the simultaneous quantitation of the alkaloids galantamine, pseudolycorine, sanguinine and narciclasine in Amaryllidaceae species (Hippeastrum elegans, Habranthus cf. irwinianus, Hymenocallis littoralis and Griffinia nocturna). The alkaloids were extracted from dried and ground bulbs (100 mg) using liquid-liquid microextraction followed by solid phase extraction in cation exchange cartridges. The quantification method showed good linearity (correlation coefficient, R ≥ 0.9968) and selectivity for a run time of 10 min. All values were within the acceptable limits for recovery (87.5-96.2%), interday (coefficient of variation, CV%, 1.3-8.4%) and intraday precision (CV% 5.7-8.1%), except narciclasine (70%). The limits of detection and quantification were 5-100 and 20-350 ng mL-1, respectively. Our method demonstrated to be rapid, sensitive and reliable, therefore appropriate for being employed in the prospection of new source of galantamine and other alkaloids.

Agroindustrial residues, such as leaves of fruit plants, can be sources of bioactive molecules, thus adding value to co-products that are rarely explored in agroindustry. In this context, this study aimed to look into the phytochemical profiles in detail and to explore the antitumor potential of S. tuberosa and S. mombin leaves. We observed that, S. tuberosa leaf extract was cytotoxic in both tumor and healthy cells. S. mombin extracts selectively inhibited cell proliferation in the tumor cell line for prostate cancer (PC3) and did not significantly affect healthy cells. The metabolic profiles of the extracts were evaluated by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and twenty-three metabolites were identified. The correlation of metabolic profiles with cytotoxic tests indicated possible chemical markers that may be responsible for the inhibition of cell proliferation. This study revealed that the unexplored co-products in agroindustry may have great therapeutic potential, and therefore should be screened for biologically active compounds Made available in DSpace on 2020-02-13T18:16:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BasedMetabolomicProfilesCombinedwithChemometricTools.pdf: 2385198 bytes, checksum: 4db412914ff9ab9f8b02ddbdeae3e448 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

As the chemical profiling of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) modify according to storage conditions, the aim of this study was to analyze the physicochemical parameters and composition variability of the cotyledon by NMR, and coat by LC-MS, all submitted to different storage atmosphere of O2, CO2, and humidity. Through NMR, chemometrics along with metabolite pathway analysis it is observed the overexpression of the saccharides sucrose (from 2.30 ± 0.32 to 2.71 ± 0.14 g/100 g), raffinose (from 0.86 ± 0.04 to 1.02 ± 0.07 g/100 g), and stachyose (from 3.37 ± 0.12 to 4.13 ± 0.28 g/100 g) in stored beans (regardless atmosphere conditions), indicating changing on galactose, and starch and sucrose pathways that are intrinsically linked to germination and sprouting processes. Those mechanisms seem to be partially activated after 6 months since amino acids or lipid metabolism were not affected. Therefore, storage conditions induce the role in regulating the germination and sprouting processes but do not affect the germination capability of the seeds (data not shown). The beans stored in low humidity showed less luminosity and chroma values, and relative reduction of proanthocyanidin B-type dimer, epi-catechin, and kaempferol, which indicate darkening when submitted to high humidity with controlled atmosphere.