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A new species of the bluntnose knifefish genus Brachyhypopomus Mago-Leccia is described from headwaters of upper Rio Juruena, and upper Rio Machado, Amazon basin, Brazil. The new species differs fr...

A new species of ghost knifefish is described from the Rio Uatuma at Cachoeira do Miriti, Amazon basin, Brazil. It is distinguished from all species of Apteronotus by the absence of a clear stripe from the chin to the dorsal portions of the head and/or dorsum, a reduced number of anal-fin rays (118–122), and by having four branchiostegal rays. More specifically, the new species resembles Apteronotus quilombola by the low number of anal-fin rays; however, the number of branchiostegal rays and several additional counts and measurements differentiate the species. Furthermore, the new species co-occurs with A. lindalvae, and it can be distinguished by the number of premaxillary teeth. The occurrence area of the new species was highly impacted after the construction of Balbina dam. Thus, considering the threats to the species and the restricted area of distribution, its conservation status was assessed as critically endangered.

A new species of Hyphessobrycon is described from a marshland area in the headwaters of Rio Jequitinhonha basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The new species differs from congeners by presenting a single well-delimited conspicuous humeral blotch, rounded to vertically oval, restricted to the area dorsal to the lateral-line row of scales, without a narrower downward extension, greatest body depth anterior to dorsal-fin origin, bony processes in anal and pectoral-fin rays of males and four teeth in the inner row of the premaxillary bone. The new species presents a set of morphological features shared by some species currently assigned to Hasemania, Myxiops and to the Astyanax scabripinnis complex. Some of these features are discussed.

A new species of Hemiodus is described from the Rio Xingu basin, Pará, Brazil. It is distinguished from congeners by the combination of presence of a dark longitudinal stripe extending from head to tip of lower caudal-fin lobe, an oblique blotch on dorsal-fin, 9–11 scale rows above lateral line, 58–66 perforated lateral line scales, and 17–20 circumpeduncular scales. Comments on the conservation status of the new species, as well as its relationships among Hemiodus species, are made.

A bacia amazônica possui a maior diversidade de peixes de água doce do mundo, mas ainda é insatisfatoriamente conhecida quanto ao número real de espécies. Este estudo objetiva produzir uma lista atualizada de espécies de peixes da Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã (FLONA Caxiuanã), uma das poucas áreas protegidas da Amazônia Oriental. Dados referentes a 20 anos (1993 a 2012) de amostragem foram compilados da coleção ictiológica do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi e de inventários previamente publicados. Um total de 211 espécies de peixes pertencentes a 44 famílias e a 13 ordens foi identificado para a FLONA. Characiformes foi a ordem mais rica, com 80 espécies (representando 38% do total), seguido por Siluriformes (56 espécies, 27%), Perciformes (33 espécies, 16%) e Gymnotiformes (21 espécies, 10%). Do total da diversidade de peixes registrada, quase 40% representam novos registros, com maior incremento de espécies no ano de 2004 e menor incremento médio de espécies nos últimos anos de amostragem. Portanto, registros de espécies adicionais ainda podem ser obtidos se estudos na região relacionados à ictiofauna empregarem diferentes técnicas e apetrechos de coleta e forem realizados em diferentes microhabitats.

The present study provides the length–weight relationships (LWR) for eight fish species in 19 streams from the Pedreira River basin, a small tributary of the Guyana coastal drainages from Amapa State, Brazil. Fishes were collected at two occasions, one in November 2016, the other in July 2018, using hand nets, with 0.5 mm of mesh size and 0.25 m² of mouth area, and trawl nets, with 0.5 mm of mesh size and 3 m long. Standard length and total weight were measured to determine the LWRs. The results show that the coefficient b varied between 2.798 and 3.380 and thus the values were within the expected range.

A new species of Eigenmannia is described from the Rio Pucuro, Rio Tuira basin, Panama. It is diagnosed from all congeners by the position of the mouth, the color pattern, the number of anal-fin rays, the number of scales on lateral line, the number of scales rows above the lateral line, the number and arrangement of teeth on the dentary, the number of precaudal vertebrae, the relative depth of the posterodorsal expansion on infraorbitals 1+2, and the relative size of coronomeckelian bone. The new species is the first Eigenmannia described from Central American drainages, and the northernmost species of the genus. Una nueva especie de Eigenmannia es descrita del rio Pucuro, que pertenece a la cuenca del Rio Tuira, Panama. Esta diagnosticada de las demas especies del genero por la posicion de la boca, el padron de coloracion, el numero de radios de la aleta anal, el numero de escamas de la linea lateral, el numero de hileras de escamas arriba de la linea lateral, el numero y disposicion de los dientes en e...

Summary The present study established the length–weight relationships (LWRs) for 18 species of freshwater fish from Paraiba do Sul River basin, southeastern Brazil. LWR parameters are estimated for the first time for seven of these species. The allometric coefficient b varied from 2.81 to 3.32. These data complement the effort to understand the biology of one of the most threatened Brazilian basins.

A new species of Eigenmannia is described from the Río Ventuari, Río Orinoco basin, Venezuela. It is distinguished from congeners by the presence of a bony dorsolateral flange on the dentary, the presence of teeth attached along a bony dorsolateral flange, and by the first premaxillary teeth attached to the anteroventral margin of the premaxilla. It is further distinguished from all remain congeners by a combination of characters, including a subterminal mouth, 99–107 scales along the lateral line until the end of the anal fin, and ii, 16–17 pectoral-fin rays.

Eigenmannia trilineata Lopez and Castello, 1966 (Sternopygidae) was described from the Rio de La Plata basin and subsequently cited from most South American river basins. Questions about the limits of this species raise the possibility of the occurrence of undescribed species misidentified as E. trilineata. Herein we propose the Eigenmannia trilineata species group for species that share the presence of the superior medial stripe on the flank. This group comprises: Eigenmannia antonioi sp. nov., from the Rio Anapu, Rio Amazonas basin; Eigenmannia desantanai sp. nov., from the Rio Cuiaba, Rio Paraguay basin; Eigenmannia guairaca sp. nov., from the Riacho Agua do O, upper Rio Parana basin; Eigenmannia matintapereira sp. nov., from the Rio Uneiuxi and Rio Urubaxi, Rio Negro basin; Eigenmannia microstoma (Reinhardt, 1852), from the Rio Sao Francisco basin; Eigenmannia muirapinima sp. nov., from small tributaries of the Rio Amazonas; Eigenmannia pavulagem sp. nov., from the tributaries of Rio Capim, Rio Guama basin; E. trilineata, from the lower Rio Parana basin and Rio de La Plata basin; Eigenmannia vicentespelaea Triques, 1996, from Sao Vicente I and II caves, Rio Tocantins basin; and Eigenmannia waiwai sp. nov., from the Rio Trombetas basin. These species can be distinguished from each other by unique sets of meristics, morphometrics, osteological and colour pattern features. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London

Curimatus albula Lütken 1874 was described from the Ribeirão da Mata at Lagoa Santa, a tributary of Rio das Velhas, Rio São Francisco basin. The species validity was questioned by Lütken (1875) himself, who suggested that the species could be a synonym of Curimatus gilbert QuoyGaimard, a species described from the Rio Macacu, a coastal river tributary of Guanabara bay, Rio de Janeiro. That synonymy was only formally proposed by Eigenmann (1910), and followed by most subsequent authors (e. g. Nielsen, 1974; Vari, 1992), except for Fowler (1975), who erroneously listed C. albula as the senior synonym of C. gilbert. Vari (1989) posteriorly removed both nominal species from Curimatus Oken (= Curimata Bosch) reallocating them in Cyphocharax Fowler, based on the lack of synapomorphic conditions present in other valid curimatid genera. Vari (1989) considered that those nominal species belonged to a major group within Cyphocharax also including C. grandocule Fernández-Yépez, C. modestus Fernández-Yépez, C. santacatarinae Fernández-Yépez, and C. voga Hensel, based on the presence of a rhomboidal caudal pigmentation and "random body spotting". Later, Vari (1992) included C. grandocule along with C. albula in the synonymy of C. gilbert, and listed several characters allowing further distinction of that species from the remaining species of the group (i.e., number of vertebrae, scales in transverse series, and pigmentation characters). Among the characters involving the pigmentation pattern, Vari (1992) stressed the lack of randomly arranged dark spots on the lateral and dorsolateral surfaces of the body in C. gilbert (versus present in C. voga).

A new species of Pimelodella is described from the Rio Ipitinga, Rio Jari basin, a left bank tributary of the Rio Amazonas in Brazil. The new species is diagnosed from all congeners by having a dark oval mark on the humeral region. It also differs from all congeners by a unique set of characters, including the presence of 47 to 49 total vertebrae, unpigmented areas dorsally and ventrally adjacent to the dark midlateral stripe, and maxillary barbels reaching at least to vertical through caudal fin insertion. Faunal similarities between the southern part of the eastern Guiana Shield and coastal drainages in the Guianas and Suriname are discussed.

A new species of Pimelodella is described from the Rio Ipitinga, Rio Jari basin, a left bank tributary of the Rio Amazonas in Brazil. The new species is diagnosed from all congeners by having a dark oval mark on the humeral region. It also differs from all congeners by a unique set of characters, including the presence of 47 to 49 total vertebrae, unpigmented areas dorsally and ventrally adjacent to the dark midlateral stripe, and maxillary barbels reaching at least to vertical through caudal fin insertion. Faunal similarities between the southern part of the eastern Guiana Shield and coastal drainages in the Guianas and Suriname are discussed.

A new species of Curimatopsis is described from the Rio Nhamunda, Amazon basin in northern Brazil. The new species is distinguished from congeners by the presence of a distinctive concentration of dark pigmentation over the entire lower lobe of the caudal fin, reticulate pattern of body pigmentation, lower jaw longer than and overlapping the anterior portion of the upper jaw, crescent-shaped posterior nostril and by morphometric and meristic data. Comments on the phylogenetic position of the new species within Curimatopsis are also provided.

Electric glass knifefishes of the genus Distocyclus, family Sternopygidae, are reviewed. Features previously utilized to diagnose Distocyclus were found uninformative as to whether the two species originally assigned to the genus are sister taxa. Distocyclus goajira was found to lack the derived features present in the type-species of the genus, D. conirostris and instead shares derived features with Archolaemus, Eigenmannia, and/or Japigny; however, the relationships of Distocyclus goajira among those genera cannot be resolved. In light of this evidence, Distocyclus is restricted to its type species, D. conirostris, which is defined on a series of derived characters, and D. goajira is assigned as incertae sedis in the Eigenmanniinae under a new combination of “Eigenmannia” goajira. Distocyclus conirostris is redescribed on the basis of multiple samples from across the Amazon, Essequibo, and Orinoco river basins. Os peixes eletricos do genero Distocyclus, familia Sternopygidae, sao revisados. Os caractere...

Hypopygus benoneae, new species, is described from streams in the lower Rio Anapu, in the eastern portion of the Amazon basin, Brazil. The new species is diagnosed from all congeners by a unique set of characters, including the absence of the sixth infraorbital bone and 115–134 total anal-fin rays. Hypopygus benoneae, new species, is a member of a clade also comprising H. hoedemani, H. lepturus, and H. minissimus. The description of H. benoneae, new species, brings the number of species in Hypopygus to nine. A dichotomous key to the species of Hypopygus is provided. Hypopygus benoneae, nova especie, e descrita para igarapes do baixo Rio Anapu, na porcao oriental da bacia Amazonica, Brasil. A nova especie e diagnosticada de todos os congeneres por uma combinacao unica de caracteres, tais como a ausencia do sexto osso infraorbital e o numero total de raios da nadadeira anal 115–134. Hypopygus benoneae, nova especie, e um membro do clado que tambem inclui H. hoedemani, H. lepturus, and H. minissimus. A descr...

Two new species of Cyphocharax from southeastern Brazil are described. Both new species share with C. punctatus, and C. vanderi the presence of a midlateral series of irregular patches of dark pigmentation along the lateral line. Cyphocharax jagunco, new species, from Rio Jequitinhonha basin, is distinguished from C. lundi, C. punctatus, and C. vanderi by the number of patches of dark pigmentation along lateral line; the number of pored scales posterior to the hypural joint; the number of scales in the lateral line; and the number of scales rows above lateral line. Cyphocharax lundi, new species, from Rio São Francisco basin, is distinguished from C. jagunco, C. punctatus, and C. vanderi by the presence of dark spots above the lateral line; and the number of scales in the lateral line. Comments on the relationships of the new species within Cyphocharax are presented.

A new species of Xenurobrycon isdescribed from tributaries of the rio Tapajós, Pará, Brazil. It is diagnosed from all congeners by the dark color of the posterior half of both caudal-fin lobes, the presence of infraorbitals one, two, and three, the presence of a set of lamellar processes on eighth principal caudal-fin ray of mature males, the presence of bony hooks similar in size or decreasing posteriorly on last unbranched and first 9-12 branched anal-fin rays of mature males, the presence of only conical teeth on both jaws, the lack of the adipose fin and the presence of 15-18 predorsal scales. The description of the new species increases the number of species in Xenurobrycon to six. An updated key to the species of the genus is provided. Resumo Uma espécie nova de Xenurobrycon édescrita de tributários do rio Tapajós, Pará, Brasil. Esta é diagnosticada de todas as congêneres pela coloração escura da metade posterior de ambos os lobos da nadadeira caudal, pela presença dos infraorbitais um, dois e três, pela presença de um conjunto de processos laminares no oitavo raio principal do lobo inferior da nadadeira caudal em machos maduros, pela presença de ganchos no último raio indiviso e primeiros 9-12 raios ramificados da nadadeira anal em machos maduros, estes com tamanho similar ou diminuindo de tamanho posteriormente, pela presença de apenas dentes cônicos nas maxilas, pela ausência de nadadeira adiposa e pela presença de 15-18 escamas pré-dorsais. A descrição da espécie novaaumenta o número de espécies em Xenurobrycon para seis. Uma chave atualizada para as espécies do gênero é fornecida.

Dutra, Guilherme Moreira, Penido, Iago De Souza, Pessali, Tiago Casarim, Netto-Ferreira, Andre Luiz (2017): Ressurrection of Curimatus albula Lütken (Characiformes: Curimatidae), a senior synonym of Cyphocharax lundi Dutra, Penido, Mello & Pessali. Zootaxa 4344 (3): 597-600, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1043815, {"references":["Dutra, G.M., Penido, I.S., Mello, G.C.G. & Pessali, T.C. (2016) Two new species of Cyphocharax (Teleostei: Characiformes: Curimatidae) from headwaters of the Jequitinhonha and Sao Francisco river basins, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4103 (2), 154-164.","https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaXa.4103.2.5","Eigenmann, C.H. (1910) Catalogue of the Freshwater Fishes of Tropical and South Temperate America. Report of the Princeton University Expedition to Patagonia, 1896-1899, 3 (4), 375-511.","Lutken, C.F. (1874) Characinae novae Brasiliae centralis a clarissimo J. Reinhardt in provincia Minas-Geraes circa oppidulum Lagoa Santa in lacu ejusdem nominis, flumine Rio das Velhas et rivulis affluentibus collectae, secundum characteres essentiales breviter descriptae. Oversigl over det Kongelige Danske Fidenskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger, 3, 127-143.","Lutken, C.F. (1875) Velhas-Flodens Fiske et bidrag til Brasiliens ichthyologi. Danske Fidensksbernes Selskab Skrifler, Copenhagen, 12 (2), 122-254.","Lutken, C.F. (2010) PeiXes do Rio das Velhas: Uma contribuicao para a Ictiologia do Brasil. In: Alves C.B.M. & Pompeu, P.S. (Org.), Peixes do Rio das Felhas: passado e presente. Belo Horizonte, Argvmentvum, pp. 25-166.","Fowler, H.W. (1975) A Catalogue of World Fishes (XXIII). Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum, 28 (3), 277-402.","Nielsen, J.G. (1974) Fish Types in the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 115 pp.","Vari, R.P. (1989) A Phylogenetic Study of the Neotropical Characiform Family Curimatidae (Pisces: Ostariophysi). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 471, 1-71.","https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.471","Vari, R.P. (1992) Systematics of the Neotropical Characiform Genus Cyphocharax Fowler (Pisces: Ostariophysi). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 529, 1-137."]}

Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-12T16:56:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) A new species of Simpsonichthys is described from the upper rio Jequitinhonha basin, Minas Gerais, eastern Brazil. It is diagnosed from all congeners by presenting an A-patterned frontal squamation. Additionally, males of the new species differs from all congeners by the color pattern of body, the color of iris, the absence of contact organs in the pectoral fin, presence of scales on anal-fin base, pectoral-fin length, caudal fin length, and eye diameter. Females of the new species can be diagnosed from remaining congeners by the pectoral-fin length. The conservation status of the new species is evaluated. Comments on the relationships of the new species within the genus Simpsonichthys are presented. [Bressane Nielsen, Dalton Tavares] Universidade de Taubaté (Unitau), Dept Biol, Lab Zool, Praca Marceline Monteiro 63, BR-12030010 Taubate, SP, Brazil [Pessali, Tiago Casarim] Pontificia Univ Catolica Minas Gerais, Museu Ciencias Nat, Av Dom Jose Gaspar 290, BR-30535610 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil [Dutra, Guilherme Moreira] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi Coordenacdo Zool, Programa Capacitacdo Inst, Av Perimetral 1901,Caixa Postal 399, BR-66077530 Belem, PA, Brazil

Two new species of Cyphocharax from southeastern Brazil are described. Both new species share with C. punctatus , and C. vanderi the presence of a midlateral series of irregular patches of dark pigmentation along the lateral line. Cyphocharax jagunco , new species, from Rio Jequitinhonha basin, is distinguished from C. lundi , C. punctatus , and C. vanderi by the number of patches of dark pigmentation along lateral line; the number of pored scales posterior to the hypural joint; the number of scales in the lateral line; and the number of scales rows above lateral line. Cyphocharax lundi , new species, from Rio Sao Francisco basin, is distinguished from C. jagunco , C. punctatus , and C. vanderi by the presence of dark spots above the lateral line; and the number of scales in the lateral line. Comments on the relationships of the new species within Cyphocharax are presented.

A new species of Ituglanis is described from the rio Tocantins basin, State of Para, Brazil. Ituglanis ina, new species, is distinguished from its congeners by the presence of a dark vertical bar over the base of the caudal-fin rays (vs. no bars over caudal-fin base); and by the presence of a middle trunk line of tiny neuromasts extending along the flank until the vertical through the dorsal fin, or near the caudal-fin base (vs. no middle trunk line of tiny neuromasts). Ituglanis ina can be further distinguished by a combination of characters related to color pattern and morphology. Comments on the relationship between Ituglanis species are presented. Uma especie nova de Ituglanis e descrita da bacia do rio Tocantins, Para, Brasil. Ituglanis ina, especie nova, e facilmente diferenciada das congeneres por apresentar uma barra vertical escura sobre a base dos raios da nadadeira caudal (vs. sem barras na base da nadadeira caudal); e por apresentar linha lateral seguida por uma linha de diminutos neuromastos ate a regiao do flanco, abaixo da nadadeira dorsal, ou ate o pedunculo caudal (vs. sem neuromastos apos a linha lateral). Ituglanis ina distingue-se, tambem, por uma combinacao de caracteres relacionados ao padrao de coloracao e morfologia. Comentarios sobre o relacionamento das especies e grupos de especies de Ituglanis sao apresentados.

Trichomycterus anhanga is described from the Amazon basin, northern Brazil. The species is diagnosed by the latero-sensory system which is restricted to LL1 and LL2, the pectoral fin with two branched rays, the absence of pelvic fins and girdle, the reduced jaws and pharyngeal dentition, the presence of six to seven interopercular odontodes, the absence of a lateral series of spots, the presence of a small dark spot on the ventral surface of the mandibular symphysis, the narrow comma-shaped palatine, the absence of procurrent rays anterior to the dorsal and anal fins, the position of insertion of the first dorsal-fin pterygiophore and the presence of a single pair of pleural ribs. Trichomycterus anhanga shares with T. hasemani and T. johnsoni a wide cranial fontanel which occupies most of the skull roof. Miniaturization as well as synapomorphies for the T. hasemani group are discussed. Trichomycterus anhanga é descrita da bacia Amazônica, norte do Brasil. A espécie é diagnosticada pelo sistema látero-sensorial restrito à LL1 e LL2, nadadeira peitoral com dois raios ramificados, ausência de nadadeiras e cintura pélvica, redução da dentição das maxilas e faringiana, presença de seis ou sete odontódeos no interopérculo, ausência de série lateral de manchas, presença de uma pequena mancha escura na superfície ventral da sínfise mandibular, palatino estreito, em forma de vírgula, ausência de raios vestigiais anteriores às nadadeiras dorsal e anal, inserção do primeiro pterigióforo da nadadeira dorsal e presença de um único par de costelas pleurais. Trichomycterus anhanga compartilha com T. hasemani e T. johnsoni a presença de fontanela craniana ampla, ocupando a maior parte do teto do crânio. A miniaturização e caracteres sinapomórficos para o grupo T. hasemani são discutidos.