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1. Toward a Spectrophotometric Characterization of the Chilean Night Sky. A First Quantitative Assessment of ALAN across the Coquimbo Region

Author

Rodolfo Angeloni, Juan Pablo Uchima-Tamayo, Marcelo Jaque Arancibia, Roque Ruiz-Carmona, Diego Fernández Olivares, Pedro Sanhueza, Guillermo Damke, Ricardo Moyano, Verónica Firpo, Javier Fuentes, and Javier Sayago

Subjects
Light pollution, Night sky brightness, All-sky cameras, Photometer, Observational astronomy, Astronomy, QB1-991
Abstract

Light pollution is recognized as a global issue that, like other forms of anthropogenic pollution, has a significant impact on ecosystems and adverse effects on living organisms. Plentiful evidence suggests that it has been increasing at an unprecedented rate at all spatial scales. Chile—which, thanks to its unique environmental conditions, has become one of the most prominent astronomical hubs of the world—seems to be no exception. In this paper we present the results of the first observing campaign aimed at quantifying the effects of artificial lights at night on the brightness and colors of the Chilean sky. Through the analysis of photometrically calibrated all-sky images captured at four representative sites with an increasing degree of anthropization, and the comparison with state-of-the-art numerical models, we show that significant levels of light pollution have already altered the appearance of the natural sky even in remote areas. Our observations reveal that the light pollution level recorded in a small town of the Coquimbo Region is comparable with that of Flagstaff, Arizona, a ten times larger Dark Sky city, and that a mid-size urban area that is a gateway to the Atacama Desert displays photometric indicators of night sky quality that are typical of the most densely populated regions of Europe. Our results suggest that there is still much to be done in Chile to keep light pollution under control and thus preserve the darkness of its night sky—a natural and cultural heritage that it is our responsibility to protect.

Published
2024
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2. Light pollution indicators for all the major astronomical observatories

Author

Fabio Falchi, Felipe Ramos, Salvador Bará, Pedro Sanhueza, Marcelo Jaque Arancibia, Guillermo Damke, and Pierantonio Cinzano

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Abstract

Light pollution at astronomical observatories is one of the main factors to be taken into account to preserve their scientific productivity and their useful lifetime. Using the Garstang–Cinzano model applied to the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) 2021 satellite radiance data, we have compared 28 sites, all hosting telescopes with apertures larger than 3 m, plus some additional selected sites. We computed and analysed five indicators of light pollution: radiance at zenith; averaged at 60° zenith distance; averaged over all the sky; averaged in the first 10° above the horizon; and horizontal irradiance. We found large variations of the values of the indicators, with a factor greater than 600 for the zenith artificial radiance between the least and most polluted major observatories. The results show that two-thirds of all large observatories have already surpassed the critical 10 per cent increase in radiance over the assumed natural levels. The results presented and the method described here can help to plan countermeasures in order to lower the impact of light pollution on observatories. These same methods can be also used to protect the night environment from the impact of artificial light (e.g. on biodiversity, on animal behaviour and physiology, on human health).

Published
2022
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3. Optical observations of an ultrabright constellation satellite

Author

Sangeetha Nandakumar, Siegfried Eggl, Jeremy Tregloan-Reed, Christian Adam, Jasmine Anderson-Baldwin, Michele Bannister, Adam Battle, Zouhair Benkhaldoun, Vishnu Reddy, Juanpablo Colque, Guillermo Damke, Ilse Plauchu Frayn, Mourad Ghachoui, Francisco Guillen, Aziz Kaeouach, Harrison Krantz, Marco Langbroek, Nicholas Rattenbury, Ryan Ridden-Harper, Brad Young, Eduardo Unda-Sanzana, Alan Watson, John Barentine, Piero Benvenuti, Federico Di Vruno, Mike Peel, Meredith Rawls, Connie Walker, Cees Bassa, Catalina Flores-Quintana, Pablo Garcia, Sam Kim, Penelope Longa-Perna, Edgar Ortiz, Angel Otarola, María Romero, Pedro Sanhueza, Giorgio Siringo, and Mario Soto

Abstract

Large constellations of bright artificial satellites in low Earth orbit pose significant challenges to ground-based astronomy [1]. Currently orbiting constellation satellites have visual brightnesses between apparent magnitudes 4 and 6, satellite operators, astronomers, and other users of the night sky are working on brightness mitigation strategies [2,3]. Here we report the outcome of an international optical observation campaign of a prototype constellation satellite, AST Space Mobile’s “BlueWalker 3”. BlueWalker 3 features a 64.3 m2 phased-array antenna, as well as a 10.0 m2 Launch Vehicle Adapter (LVA)1. The peak brightness of the satellite reached an apparent visual magnitude of 0.4. This made the new satellite one of the brightest objects in the night sky. With an apparent visual magnitude of 5.5, the LVA which jettisoned on 2022-11-10 (UT), for which an orbital ephemeris was not publicly released until four days later, was four times brighter than the current International Astronomical Union recommendation of magnitude 7 [2,5]. The expected build-out of constellations with tens of thousands of new, brighter objects will make active satellite tracking and avoidance strategies a necessity for ground-based telescopes. However, this requires a complete and highly accurate set of satellite orbits. For BlueWalker 3, we determine that at present these location predictions are only accurate to within 7.2 ± 3.1 arcmin. [1] See https://apps.fcc.gov/els/GetAtt.html?id=265584&x=

Published
2023
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5. The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar, and APOGEE-2 Data

Author

null Abdurro’uf, Katherine Accetta, Conny Aerts, Víctor Silva Aguirre, Romina Ahumada, Nikhil Ajgaonkar, N. Filiz Ak, Shadab Alam, Carlos Allende Prieto, Andrés Almeida, Friedrich Anders, Scott F. Anderson, Brett H. Andrews, Borja Anguiano, Erik Aquino-Ortíz, Alfonso Aragón-Salamanca, Maria Argudo-Fernández, Metin Ata, Marie Aubert, Vladimir Avila-Reese, Carles Badenes, Rodolfo H. Barbá, Kat Barger, Jorge K. Barrera-Ballesteros, Rachael L. Beaton, Timothy C. Beers, Francesco Belfiore, Chad F. Bender, Mariangela Bernardi, Matthew A. Bershady, Florian Beutler, Christian Moni Bidin, Jonathan C. Bird, Dmitry Bizyaev, Guillermo A. Blanc, Michael R. Blanton, Nicholas Fraser Boardman, Adam S. Bolton, Médéric Boquien, Jura Borissova, Jo Bovy, W. N. Brandt, Jordan Brown, Joel R. Brownstein, Marcella Brusa, Johannes Buchner, Kevin Bundy, Joseph N. Burchett, Martin Bureau, Adam Burgasser, Tuesday K. Cabang, Stephanie Campbell, Michele Cappellari, Joleen K. Carlberg, Fábio Carneiro Wanderley, Ricardo Carrera, Jennifer Cash, Yan-Ping Chen, Wei-Huai Chen, Brian Cherinka, Cristina Chiappini, Peter Doohyun Choi, S. Drew Chojnowski, Haeun Chung, Nicolas Clerc, Roger E. Cohen, Julia M. Comerford, Johan Comparat, Luiz da Costa, Kevin Covey, Jeffrey D. Crane, Irene Cruz-Gonzalez, Connor Culhane, Katia Cunha, Y. Sophia Dai, Guillermo Damke, Jeremy Darling, James W. Davidson Jr., Roger Davies, Kyle Dawson, Nathan De Lee, Aleksandar M. Diamond-Stanic, Mariana Cano-Díaz, Helena Domínguez Sánchez, John Donor, Chris Duckworth, Tom Dwelly, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Yvonne P. Elsworth, Eric Emsellem, Mike Eracleous, Stephanie Escoffier, Xiaohui Fan, Emily Farr, Shuai Feng, José G. Fernández-Trincado, Diane Feuillet, Andreas Filipp, Sean P Fillingham, Peter M. Frinchaboy, Sebastien Fromenteau, Lluís Galbany, Rafael A. García, D. A. García-Hernández, Junqiang Ge, Doug Geisler, Joseph Gelfand, Tobias Géron, Benjamin J. Gibson, Julian Goddy, Diego Godoy-Rivera, Kathleen Grabowski, Paul J. Green, Michael Greener, Catherine J. Grier, Emily Griffith, Hong Guo, Julien Guy, Massinissa Hadjara, Paul Harding, Sten Hasselquist, Christian R. Hayes, Fred Hearty, Jesús Hernández, Lewis Hill, David W. Hogg, Jon A. Holtzman, Danny Horta, Bau-Ching Hsieh, Chin-Hao Hsu, Yun-Hsin Hsu, Daniel Huber, Marc Huertas-Company, Brian Hutchinson, Ho Seong Hwang, Héctor J. Ibarra-Medel, Jacob Ider Chitham, Gabriele S. Ilha, Julie Imig, Will Jaekle, Tharindu Jayasinghe, Xihan Ji, Jennifer A. Johnson, Amy Jones, Henrik Jönsson, Ivan Katkov, Dr. Arman Khalatyan, Karen Kinemuchi, Shobhit Kisku, Johan H. Knapen, Jean-Paul Kneib, Juna A. Kollmeier, Miranda Kong, Marina Kounkel, Kathryn Kreckel, Dhanesh Krishnarao, Ivan Lacerna, Richard R. Lane, Rachel Langgin, Ramon Lavender, David R. Law, Daniel Lazarz, Henry W. Leung, Ho-Hin Leung, Hannah M. Lewis, Cheng Li, Ran Li, Jianhui Lian, Fu-Heng Liang, Lihwai Lin, Yen-Ting Lin, Sicheng Lin, Chris Lintott, Dan Long, Penélope Longa-Peña, Carlos López-Cobá, Shengdong Lu, Britt F. Lundgren, Yuanze Luo, J. Ted Mackereth, Axel de la Macorra, Suvrath Mahadevan, Steven R. Majewski, Arturo Manchado, Travis Mandeville, Claudia Maraston, Berta Margalef-Bentabol, Thomas Masseron, Karen L. Masters, Savita Mathur, Richard M. McDermid, Myles Mckay, Andrea Merloni, Michael Merrifield, Szabolcs Meszaros, Andrea Miglio, Francesco Di Mille, Dante Minniti, Rebecca Minsley, Antonela Monachesi, Jeongin Moon, Benoit Mosser, John Mulchaey, Demitri Muna, Ricardo R. Muñoz, Adam D. Myers, Natalie Myers, Seshadri Nadathur, Preethi Nair, Kirpal Nandra, Justus Neumann, Jeffrey A. Newman, David L. Nidever, Farnik Nikakhtar, Christian Nitschelm, Julia E. O’Connell, Luis Garma-Oehmichen, Gabriel Luan Souza de Oliveira, Richard Olney, Daniel Oravetz, Mario Ortigoza-Urdaneta, Yeisson Osorio, Justin Otter, Zachary J. Pace, Nelson Padilla, Kaike Pan, Hsi-An Pan, Taniya Parikh, James Parker, Sebastien Peirani, Karla Peña Ramírez, Samantha Penny, Will J. Percival, Ismael Perez-Fournon, Marc Pinsonneault, Frédérick Poidevin, Vijith Jacob Poovelil, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, Anna Bárbara de Andrade Queiroz, M. Jordan Raddick, Amy Ray, Sandro Barboza Rembold, Nicole Riddle, Rogemar A. Riffel, Rogério Riffel, Hans-Walter Rix, Annie C. Robin, Aldo Rodríguez-Puebla, Alexandre Roman-Lopes, Carlos Román-Zúñiga, Benjamin Rose, Ashley J. Ross, Graziano Rossi, Kate H. R. Rubin, Mara Salvato, Sebástian F. Sánchez, José R. Sánchez-Gallego, Robyn Sanderson, Felipe Antonio Santana Rojas, Edgar Sarceno, Regina Sarmiento, Conor Sayres, Elizaveta Sazonova, Adam L. Schaefer, Ricardo Schiavon, David J Schlegel, Donald P. Schneider, Mathias Schultheis, Axel Schwope, Aldo Serenelli, Javier Serna, Zhengyi Shao, Griffin Shapiro, Anubhav Sharma, Yue Shen, Matthew Shetrone, Yiping Shu, Joshua D. Simon, M. F. Skrutskie, Rebecca Smethurst, Verne Smith, Jennifer Sobeck, Taylor Spoo, Dani Sprague, David V. Stark, Keivan G. Stassun, Matthias Steinmetz, Dennis Stello, Alexander Stone-Martinez, Thaisa Storchi-Bergmann, Guy S. Stringfellow, Amelia Stutz, Yung-Chau Su, Manuchehr Taghizadeh-Popp, Michael S. Talbot, Jamie Tayar, Eduardo Telles, Johanna Teske, Ani Thakar, Christopher Theissen, Andrew Tkachenko, Daniel Thomas, Rita Tojeiro, Hector Hernandez Toledo, Nicholas W. Troup, Jonathan R. Trump, James Trussler, Jacqueline Turner, Sarah Tuttle, Eduardo Unda-Sanzana, José Antonio Vázquez-Mata, Marica Valentini, Octavio Valenzuela, Jaime Vargas-González, Mariana Vargas-Magaña, Pablo Vera Alfaro, Sandro Villanova, Fiorenzo Vincenzo, David Wake, Jack T. Warfield, Jessica Diane Washington, Benjamin Alan Weaver, Anne-Marie Weijmans, David H. Weinberg, Achim Weiss, Kyle B. Westfall, Vivienne Wild, Matthew C. Wilde, John C. Wilson, Robert F. Wilson, Mikayla Wilson, Julien Wolf, W. M. Wood-Vasey, Renbin Yan, Olga Zamora, Gail Zasowski, Kai Zhang, Cheng Zhao, Zheng Zheng, Kai Zhu, Institute of Astronomy [Leuven], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Radboud University [Nijmegen], Department of Physics and Astronomy [Aarhus], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Institute for Astronomy [Edinburgh] (IfA), University of Edinburgh, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), Universidad de Antofagasta, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Southern Observatory (ESO), Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews. Centre for Contemporary Art, European Space Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and Abdurro'uf, Katherine Accetta, Conny Aerts, Victor Silva Aguirre, Romina Ahumada, Nikhil Ajgaonkar, N. Filiz Ak, Shadab Alam, Carlos Allende Prieto, Andres Almeida, Friedrich Anders, Scott F. Anderson, Brett H. Andrews, Borja Anguiano, Erik Aquino-Ortiz, Alfonso Aragon-Salamanca, Maria Argudo-Fernandez, Metin Ata, Marie Aubert, Vladimir Avila-Reese, Carles Badenes, Rodolfo H. Barba, Kat Barger, Jorge K. Barrera-Ballesteros, Rachael L. Beaton, Timothy C. Beers, Francesco Belfiore, Chad F. Bender, Mariangela Bernardi, Matthew A. Bershady, Florian Beutler, Christian Moni Bidin, Jonathan C. Bird, Dmitry Bizyaev, Guillermo A. Blanc, Michael R. Blanton, Nicholas Fraser Boardman, Adam S. Bolton, Mederic Boquien, Jura Borissova, Jo Bovy, W.N. Brandt, Jordan Brown, Joel R. Brownstein, Marcella Brusa, Johannes Buchner, Kevin Bundy, Joseph N. Burchett, Martin Bureau, Adam Burgasser, Tuesday K. Cabang, Stephanie Campbell, Michele Cappellari, Joleen K. Carlberg, Fabio Carneiro Wanderley, Ricardo Carrera, Jennifer Cash, Yan-Ping Chen, Wei-Huai Chen, Brian Cherinka, Cristina Chiappini, Peter Doohyun Choi, S. Drew Chojnowski, Haeun Chung, Nicolas Clerc, Roger E. Cohen, Julia M. Comerford, Johan Comparat, Luiz da Costa, Kevin Covey, Jeffrey D. Crane, Irene Cruz-Gonzalez, Connor Culhane, Katia Cunha, Y. Sophia Dai, Guillermo Damke, Jeremy Darling, James W. Davidson Jr., Roger Davies, Kyle Dawson, Nathan De Lee, Aleksandar M. Diamond-Stanic, Mariana Cano-Diaz, Helena Dominguez Sanchez, John Donor, Chris Duckworth, Tom Dwelly, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Yvonne P. Elsworth, Eric Emsellem, Mike Eracleous, Stephanie Escoffier, Xiaohui Fan, Emily Farr, Shuai Feng, Jose G. Fernandez-Trincado, Diane Feuillet, Andreas Filipp, Sean P Fillingham, Peter M. Frinchaboy , Sebastien Fromenteau, Lluis Galbany, Rafael A. Garcia, D. A. Garcia-Hernandez, Junqiang Ge, Doug Geisler, Joseph Gelfand, Tobias Geron, Benjamin J. Gibson, Julian Goddy, Diego Godoy-Rivera, Kathleen Grabowski, Paul J. Green, Michael Greener, Catherine J. Grier, Emily Griffith, Hong Guo, Julien Guy, Massinissa Hadjara, Paul Harding, Sten Hasselquist, Christian R. Hayes, Fred Hearty, Jesus Hernandez, Lewis Hill, David W. Hogg, Jon A. Holtzman, Danny Horta, Bau-Ching Hsieh, Chin-Hao Hsu, Yun-Hsin Hsu, Daniel Huber, Marc Huertas-Company, Brian Hutchinson, Ho Seong Hwang, Hector J. Ibarra-Medel, Jacob Ider Chitham, Gabriele S. Ilha, Julie Imig, Will Jaekle, Tharindu Jayasinghe, Xihan Ji, Jennifer A. Johnson, Amy Jones, Henrik Jonsson, Ivan Katkov, Dr. Arman Khalatyan, Karen Kinemuchi, Shobhit Kisku, Johan H. Knapen, Jean-Paul Kneib, Juna A. Kollmeier, Miranda Kong, Marina Kounkel, Kathryn Kreckel, Dhanesh Krishnarao, Ivan Lacerna, Richard R. Lane, Rachel Langgin, Ramon Lavender, David R. Law, Daniel Lazarz, Henry W. Leung, Ho-Hin Leung, Hannah M. Lewis, Cheng Li, Ran Li, Jianhui Lian, Fu-Heng Liang, Lihwai Lin, Yen-Ting Lin, Sicheng Lin, Chris Lintott, Dan Long, Penelope Longa-Pena, Carlos Lopez-Coba, Shengdong Lu, Britt F. Lundgren, Yuanze Luo, J. Ted Mackereth, Axel de la Macorra, Suvrath Mahadevan, Steven R. Majewski, Arturo Manchado, Travis Mandeville, Claudia Maraston, Berta Margalef-Bentabol, Thomas Masseron, Karen L. Masters, Savita Mathur, Richard M. McDermid, Myles Mckay, Andrea Merloni, Michael Merrifield, Szabolcs Meszaros, Andrea Miglio, Francesco Di Mille, Dante Minniti, Rebecca Minsley, Antonela Monachesi, Jeongin Moon, Benoit Mosser, John Mulchaey, Demitri Muna, Ricardo R. Munoz, Adam D. Myers, Natalie Myers, Seshadri Nadathur, Preethi Nair, Kirpal Nandra, Justus Neumann, Jeffrey A. Newman, David L. Nidever, Farnik Nikakhtar, Christian Nitschelm, Julia E. O'Connell, Luis Garma-Oehmichen, Gabriel Luan Souza de Oliveira, Richard Olney, Daniel Oravetz, Mario Ortigoza-Urdaneta, Yeisson Osorio, Justin Otter, Zachary J. Pace, Nelson Padilla, Kaike Pan, Hsi-An Pan, Taniya Parikh, James Parker, Sebastien Peirani, Karla Pena Ramirez, Samantha Penny, Will J. Percival, Ismael Perez-Fournon, Marc Pinsonneault, Frederick Poidevin, Vijith Jacob Poovelil, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, Anna Barbara de Andrade Queiroz, M. Jordan Raddick, Amy Ray, Sandro Barboza Rembold, Nicole Riddle, Rogemar A. Riffel, Rogerio Riffel, Hans-Walter Rix, Annie C. Robin, Aldo Rodriguez-Puebla, Alexandre Roman-Lopes, Carlos Roman-Zuniga, Benjamin Rose, Ashley J. Ross, Graziano Rossi, Kate H. R. Rubin, Mara Salvato, Sebastian F. Sanchez, Jose R. Sanchez-Gallego, Robyn Sanderson, Felipe Antonio Santana Rojas, Edgar Sarceno, Regina Sarmiento, Conor Sayres, Elizaveta Sazonova, Adam L. Schaefer, Ricardo Schiavon, David J Schlegel, Donald P. Schneider, Mathias Schultheis, Axel Schwope, Aldo Serenelli, Javier Serna, Zhengyi Shao, Griffin Shapiro, Anubhav Sharma, Yue Shen, Matthew Shetrone, Yiping Shu, Joshua D. Simon, M. F. Skrutskie, Rebecca Smethurst, Verne Smith, Jennifer Sobeck, Taylor Spoo, Dani Sprague, David V. Stark, Keivan G. Stassun, Matthias Steinmetz, Dennis Stello, Alexander Stone-Martinez, Thaisa Storchi-Bergmann, Guy S. Stringfellow, Amelia Stutz, Yung-Chau Su, Manuchehr Taghizadeh-Popp, Michael S. Talbot, Jamie Tayar, Eduardo Telles, Johanna Teske, Ani Thakar, Christopher Theissen, Daniel Thomas, Andrew Tkachenko, Rita Tojeiro, Hector Hernandez Toledo, Nicholas W. Troup, Jonathan R. Trump, James Trussler, Jacqueline Turner, Sarah Tuttle, Eduardo Unda-Sanzana, Jose Antonio Vazquez-Mata, Marica Valentini, Octavio Valenzuela, Jaime Vargas-Gonzalez, Mariana Vargas-Magana, Pablo Vera Alfaro, Sandro Villanova, Fiorenzo Vincenzo, David Wake, Jack T. Warfield, Jessica Diane Washington, Benjamin Alan Weaver, Anne-Marie Weijmans, David H. Weinberg, Achim Weiss, Kyle B. Westfall, Vivienne Wild, Matthew C. Wilde, John C. Wilson, Robert F. Wilson, Mikayla Wilson, Julien Wolf, W. M. Wood-Vasey, Renbin Yan, Olga Zamora, Gail Zasowski, Kai Zhang, Cheng Zhao, Zheng Zheng, Zheng Zheng, Kai Zhu

Subjects
ABSORPTION-LINE SPECTRA, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, anisotropic power spectrum, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astrophysics - astrophysics of galaxies, absorption-line spectra, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, large-scale structure, OSCILLATION SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY, cluster chemical abundances, reverberation mapping project, Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, QB Astronomy, OLD STELLAR POPULATIONS, CLUSTER CHEMICAL ABUNDANCES, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), QC, QB, MCC, FINAL TARGETING STRATEGY, Science & Technology, REVERBERATION MAPPING PROJECT, DAS, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ANISOTROPIC POWER SPECTRUM, oscillation spectroscopic survey, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, final targeting strategy, sdss-iv manga, QC Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.GA]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), active galactic nuclei, Physical Sciences, old stellar populations, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, SDSS-IV MANGA, Astrophysics - instrumentation and methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Abdurro’uf et al., This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 survey that publicly releases infrared spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the subsurvey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey subsurvey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated value-added catalogs. This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper, Local Volume Mapper, and Black Hole Mapper surveys., This publication uses data generated via the Zooniverse.org platform, development of which is funded by generous support, including a Global Impact Award from Google, and by a grant from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC; https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement.

Published
2022
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6. Exploring Halo Substructure with Giant Stars. XV. Discovery of a Connection between the Monoceros Ring and the Triangulum-Andromeda Overdensity?

Author

Sanjib Sharma, Whitney Richardson, Branimir Sesar, Guillermo Damke, Kathryn V. Johnston, Rachael L. Beaton, Edouard J. Bernard, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, Steven R. Majewski, Ting S. Li, Allyson A. Sheffield, J. L. Marshall, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE ( LAGRANGE ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Physics, Triangulum, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Milky Way, Galactic anticenter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, 01 natural sciences, Galactic halo, Stars, Space and Planetary Science, Monoceros Ring, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), 0103 physical sciences, Galaxy formation and evolution, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Halo, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Thanks to modern sky surveys, over twenty stellar streams and overdensity structures have been discovered in the halo of the Milky Way. In this paper, we present an analysis of spectroscopic observations of individual stars from one such structure, "A13", first identified as an overdensity using the M giant catalog from the Two Micron All-Sky Survey. Our spectroscopic observations show that stars identified with A13 have a velocity dispersion of $\lesssim$ 40 $\mathrm{km~s^{-1}}$, implying that it is a genuine coherent structure rather than a chance super-position of random halo stars. From its position on the sky, distance ($\sim$15~kpc heliocentric), and kinematical properties, A13 is likely to be an extension of another low Galactic latitude substructure -- the Galactic Anticenter Stellar Structure (also known as the Monoceros Ring) -- towards smaller Galactic longitude and farther distance. Furthermore, the kinematics of A13 also connect it with another structure in the southern Galactic hemisphere -- the Triangulum-Andromeda overdensity. We discuss these three connected structures within the context of a previously proposed scenario that one or all of these features originate from the disk of the Milky Way., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2017
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7. Light Curves of 213 Type Ia Supernovae from the ESSENCE Survey

Author

A. C. Becker, John L. Tonry, Armin Rest, Kevin Krisciunas, Adam G. Riess, Christopher W. Stubbs, Jesper Sollerman, Alejandro Clocchiatti, Thomas Matheson, R. C. Smith, G. Miknaitis, Brad E. Tucker, Tamara M. Davis, J. L. Prieto, Jeffrey M. Silverman, Saurabh Jha, W. M. Wood-Vasey, P. Challis, Mohan Ganeshalingam, Jason Spyromilio, Ryan J. Foley, Weidong Li, Nicholas B. Suntzeff, Gautham Narayan, Guillermo Damke, Peter M. Garnavich, Alfredo Zenteno, Arti Garg, Bruno Leibundgut, Brian P. Schmidt, Robert P. Kirshner, Malcolm Hicken, C. Aguilera, Giuliano Pignata, Stéphane Blondin, Alexei V. Filippenko, Ricardo Covarrubias, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge], Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Southern Observatory (ESO), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Oskar Klein Centre [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution

Subjects
PHOTOMETRIC STANDARD STARS, COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), DATA RELEASE, general [Supernovae], FOS: Physical sciences, Photometric system, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Surveys, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, Photometry (optics), SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTIES, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE, observations [Cosmology], data analysis [Methods], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, LEGACY SURVEY, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, SPECTRAL-ENERGY DISTRIBUTION, Astronomy and Astrophysics, HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE, Light curve, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Redshift, Supernova, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Dark energy, DIGITAL SKY SURVEY, Spectral energy distribution, DARK ENERGY, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The ESSENCE survey discovered 213 Type Ia supernovae at redshifts 0.1 < z < 0.81 between 2002 and 2008. We present their R and I-band photometry, measured from images obtained using the MOSAIC II camera at the CTIO 4 m Blanco telescope, along with rapid-response spectroscopy for each object. We use our spectroscopic follow-up observations to determine an accurate, quantitative classification and a precise redshift. Through an extensive calibration program we have improved the precision of the CTIO Blanco natural photometric system. We use several empirical metrics to measure our internal photometric consistency and our absolute calibration of the survey. We assess the effect of various potential sources of systematic bias on our measured fluxes, and we estimate that the dominant term in the systematic error budget from the photometric calibration on our absolute fluxes is ~1%., (40 pages, 21 figures, accepted for publication in ApJS)

Published
2016
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8. The Unusual Variability of the Large Magellanic Cloud Planetary Nebula RPJ 053059-683542

Author

Armin Rest, R. Chris Smith, Quentin A. Parker, Richard A. Shaw, Guillermo Damke, and Warren A. Reid

Subjects
Physics, Nebula, Infrared, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Polarimetry, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Light curve, Planetary nebula, Photometry (optics), Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Spectroscopy, Large Magellanic Cloud, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We present images and light curves of the bipolar Planetary Nebula RPJ 053059-683542 that was discovered in the Reid-Parker AAO/UKST H-alpha survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). The emission from this object appears entirely nebular, with the central star apparently obscured by a central band of absorption that bisects the nebula. The light curves, which were derived from images from the SuperMACHO project at CTIO, showed significant, spatially resolved variability over the period 2002 January through 2005 December. Remarkably, the emission from the two bright lobes of the nebula vary either independently, or similarly but with a phase lag of at least one year. The optical spectra show a low level of nebular excitation, and only modest N enrichment. Infrared photometry from the 2MASS and SAGE surveys indicates the presence of a significant quantity of dust. The available data imply that the central star has a close binary companion, and that the system has undergone some kind of outburst event that caused the nebular emission to first brighten and then fade. Further monitoring, high-resolution imaging, and detailed IR polarimetry and spectroscopy would uncover the nature of this nebula and the unseen ionizing source., Accepted for ApJ Letters; 6 pages

Published
2007
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9. Lessons from the Sagittarius dSph Tidal Stream

Author

Guillermo Damke, Sten Hasselquist, David R. Law, and Steven R. Majewski

Subjects
Proper motion, Milky Way, Local standard of rest, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Galaxy, Accretion (astrophysics), Dark matter halo, Stars, Globular cluster, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Geology
Abstract

As the most prominent and extensive halo substructure in the Milky Way, the Sagittarius (Sgr) tidal stream gives us an important tool for exploring a number of problems in galactic astronomy. Here we will focus on four distinct applications of the Sgr stream: (1) Because stellar orbits are a product of the gravitational potential, tidal streams offer a unique probe of the distribution of dark matter. The Sgr stream allows us to probe the shape of the Milky Way potential to ∼ 50 kpc. (2) The particular orientation of the Sgr stream allows measurement of the Local Standard of Rest velocity in a way independent of the solar Galactocentric distance via the proper motions of stream stars. (3) Because tidal stream stars tend to be stripped from the outermost parts of the parent object, the chemical properties of stars along a tidal stream enable us not only to reconstruct the net enrichment history of the parent body, but the original radial distribution of chemical abundances. (4) By determining those stars and clusters that are in the stream now, we can assess what types of stars and clusters get contributed to large, MW-like galaxies through the accretion process. Although now well studied for nearly two decades, the Sgr stream is still offering us surprises.

Published
2014
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10. High-resolution, H band Spectroscopy of Be Stars with SDSS-III/APOGEE: I. New Be Stars, Line Identifications, and Line Profiles

Author

Matthew Shetrone, S. Drew Chojnowski, Rachael L. Beaton, Viktor Malanushenko, Szabolcs Mészáros, Steven R. Majewski, Sten Hasselquist, Adam Burton, Audrey Simmons, John C. Wilson, Kaike Pan, David G. Whelan, Matthew Hall, Guillermo Damke, Jon Holtzman, John P. Wisniewski, Moses Marchante, Garrett Ebelke, Peter M. Frinchaboy, S. S. Eikenberry, Howard Brewington, Elena Malanushenko, Karen Kinemuchi, Dmitry Bizyaev, Daniel Oravetz, J. Brinkmann, Gail Zasowski, David L. Nidever, and Donald P. Schneider

Subjects
Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, H band, Spectral line, Radial velocity, Wavelength, Stars, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Emission spectrum, Spectroscopy, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Line (formation)
Abstract

APOGEE has amassed the largest ever collection of multi-epoch, high-resolution (R~22,500), H-band spectra for B-type emission line (Be) stars. The 128/238 APOGEE Be stars for which emission had never previously been reported serve to increase the total number of known Be stars by ~6%. We focus on identification of the H-band lines and analysis of the emission peak velocity separations (v_p) and emission peak intensity ratios (V/R) of the usually double-peaked H I and non-hydrogen emission lines. H I Br11 emission is found to preferentially form in the circumstellar disks at an average distance of ~2.2 stellar radii. Increasing v_p toward the weaker Br12--Br20 lines suggests these lines are formed interior to Br11. By contrast, the observed IR Fe II emission lines present evidence of having significantly larger formation radii; distinctive phase lags between IR Fe II and H I Brackett emission lines further supports that these species arise from different radii in Be disks. Several emission lines have been identified for the first time including ~16895, a prominent feature in the spectra for almost a fifth of the sample and, as inferred from relatively large v_p compared to the Br11-Br20, a tracer of the inner regions of Be disks. Unlike the typical metallic lines observed for Be stars in the optical, the H-band metallic lines, such as Fe II 16878, never exhibit any evidence of shell absorption, even when the H I lines are clearly shell-dominated. The first known example of a quasi-triple-peaked Br11 line profile is reported for HD 253659, one of several stars exhibiting intra- and/or extra-species V/R and radial velocity variation within individual spectra. Br11 profiles are presented for all discussed stars, as are full APOGEE spectra for a portion of the sample., accepted in AJ

Published
2014

11. Discovery of a Dynamical Cold Point in the Heart of the Sagittarius dSph Galaxy with Observations from the APOGEE Project

Author

Garrett Ebelke, Robert W. O'Connell, Viktor Malanushenko, Peter M. Frinchaboy, Michael F. Skrutskie, Elena Malanushenko, Matthew Shetrone, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Carlos Allende Prieto, Szabolcs Mészáros, Sten Hasselquist, Steven R. Majewski, Katia Cunha, Rachael L. Beaton, Kaike Pan, Ana G. Pérez, Audrey Simmons, Jennifer A. Johnson, Dmitry Bizyaev, Ricardo P. Schiavon, Timothy C. Beers, Daniel Oravetz, Guillermo Damke, John C. Wilson, Fred R. Hearty, Jon A. Holtzman, Kathryn V. Johnston, David R. Law, Ewa L. Łokas, Verne V. Smith, David L. Nidever, Donald P. Schneider, and Gail Zasowski

Subjects
Physics, Mass distribution, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Metallicity, Dark matter, Velocity dispersion, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Giant star, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Spectral line, Galaxy, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Sagittarius, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

The dynamics of the core of the Sagittarius (Sgr) dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy are explored using high-resolution (R~22,500), H-band, near-infrared spectra of over 1,000 giant stars in the central 3 deg^2 of the system, of which 328 are identified as Sgr members. These data, among some of the earliest observations from the SDSS-III/Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) and the largest published sample of high resolution Sgr dSph spectra to date, reveal a distinct gradient in the velocity dispersion of Sgr from 11-14 km/s for radii >0.8 degrees from center to a dynamical cold point of 8 km/s in the Sgr center --- a trend differing from that found in previous kinematical analyses of Sgr over larger scales that suggest a more or less flat dispersion profile at these radii. Well-fitting mass models with either cored and cusped dark matter distributions can be found to match the kinematical results, although the cored profile succeeds with significantly more isotropic stellar orbits than required for a cusped profile. It is unlikely that the cold point reflects an unusual mass distribution. The dispersion gradient may arise from variations in the mixture of populations with distinct kinematics within the dSph; this explanation is suggested (e.g., by detection of a metallicity gradient across similar radii), but not confirmed, by the present data. Despite these remaining uncertainties about their interpretation, these early test data (including some from instrument commissioning) demonstrate APOGEE's usefulness for precision dynamical studies, even for fields observed at extreme airmasses., 15 pages, 3 figures

Published
2013

12. Exploring Halo Substructure with Giant Stars: Substructure in the Local Halo as Seen in the Grid Giant Star Survey Including Extended Tidal Debris from Omega Centauri

Author

Richard J. Patterson, Steven R. Majewski, William E. Kunkel, Ana E. García Pérez, David L. Nidever, Verne V. Smith, Guillermo Damke, and Dmitry Bizyaev

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Metallicity, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Giant star, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Radial velocity, Stars, Star cluster, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Halo, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Dwarf galaxy
Abstract

We present the latitude-normalized radial velocity (vb) distribution of 3318 subsolar metallicity, V, 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters

Published
2012

13. Direct Confirmation of the Asymmetry of the Cas A Supernova with Light Echoes

Author

Daniel Kasen, R. C. Smith, Gautham Narayan, B. Sinnott, Armin Rest, Robert P. Kirshner, R. Nakajima, Carles Badenes, Guillermo Damke, Waqas Bhatti, Stéphane Blondin, Douglas L. Welch, Nicholas B. Suntzeff, Paolo A. Mazzali, Ryan J. Foley, M. E. Huber, P. Challis, Alexei V. Filippenko, Daniel Sauer, H. Finley, Knut Olsen, M. Bergmann, Dante Minniti, Thomas Matheson, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Compact star, 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, Spectral line, supernovae: general, Light echo, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common, ISM: supernova remnants, Physics, Photosphere, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Astronomy and Astrophysics, 97.60.Bw, 95.30.Ky, 98.38.Mz, [PHYS.ASTR.SR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], ISM: individual objects (Cas A), Supernova, Stars, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, H-alpha
Abstract

We report the first detection of asymmetry in a supernova (SN) photosphere based on SN light echo (LE) spectra of Cas A from the different perspectives of dust concentrations on its LE ellipsoid. New LEs are reported based on difference images, and optical spectra of these LEs are analyzed and compared. After properly accounting for the effects of finite dust-filament extent and inclination, we find one field where the He I and H alpha features are blueshifted by an additional ~4000 km/s relative to other spectra and to the spectra of the Type IIb SN 1993J. That same direction does not show any shift relative to other Cas A LE spectra in the Ca II near-infrared triplet feature. We compare the perspectives of the Cas A LE dust concentrations with recent three-dimensional modeling of the SN remnant (SNR) and note that the location having the blueshifted He I and H alpha features is roughly in the direction of an Fe-rich outflow and in the opposite direction of the motion of the compact object at the center of the SNR. We conclude that Cas A was an intrinsically asymmetric SN. Future LE spectroscopy of this object, and of other historical SNe, will provide additional insight into the connection of explosion mechanism to SN to SNR, as well as give crucial observational evidence regarding how stars explode., 13 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2011
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14. Pushing the Boundaries of Conventional Core-collapse Supernovae: The Extremely Energetic Supernova SN 2003ma

Author

Alistair R. Walker, M. E. Huber, Armin Rest, J. L. Prieto, Igor Soszyński, Sergei Nikolaev, Knut Olsen, K. H. Cook, Radosław Poleski, Alejandro Clocchiatti, W. M. Wood-Vasey, Margaret Meixner, R. J. Foley, O. Szewczyk, Dante Minniti, R. C. Smith, Bruce T. Draine, M. Kubiak, Guillermo Damke, Gautham Narayan, Arti Garg, Suvi Gezari, Lukasz Wyrzykowski, A. Zenteno, Andrzej Udalski, Michał K. Szymański, Nicholas B. Suntzeff, Krzysztof Ulaczyk, Thomas Matheson, G. Pignata, Christopher W. Stubbs, G. Miknaitis, Andrew C. Becker, Grzegorz Pietrzyński, Lorenzo Morelli, Peter M. Challis, and Douglas L. Welch

Subjects
Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Infrared, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Gravitational microlensing, Light curve, 01 natural sciences, Luminosity, Core (optical fiber), Supernova, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Large Magellanic Cloud, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Cosmic dust
Abstract

We report the discovery of a supernova (SN) with the highest apparent energy output to date and conclude that it represents an extreme example of the Type IIn subclass. The SN, which was discovered behind the Large Magellanic Cloud at z = 0.289 by the SuperMACHO microlensing survey, peaked at M_R = -21.5 mag and only declined by 2.9 mag over 4.7 years after the peak. Over this period, SN 2003ma had an integrated bolometric luminosity of 4 x 10^51 ergs, more than any other SN to date. The radiated energy is close to the limit allowed by conventional core-collapse explosions. Optical spectra reveal that SN 2003ma has persistent single-peaked intermediate-width hydrogen lines, a signature of interaction between the SN and a dense circumstellar medium. The light curves show further evidence for circumstellar interaction, including a long plateau with a shape very similar to the classic SN IIn 1988Z -- however, SN 2003ma is ten times more luminous at all epochs. The fast velocity measured for the intermediate-width H_alpha component (~6000 km/s) points towards an extremely energetic explosion (> 10^52 ergs), which imparts a faster blast-wave speed to the post-shock material and a higher luminosity from the interaction than is observed in typical SNe IIn. Mid-infrared observations of SN 2003ma suggest an infrared light echo is produced by normal interstellar dust at a distance ~0.5 pc from the SN., 21 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2011

15. Scattered-Light Echoes from the Historical Galactic Supernovae Cassiopeia A and Tycho (SN 1572)

Author

Guillermo Damke, M. E. Huber, R. C. Smith, W. M. Wood-Vasey, Dante Minniti, K. H. Cook, M. Bergmann, H. Lanning, L. Oaster, Armin Rest, J. L. Prieto, Alejandro Clocchiatti, Nicholas B. Suntzeff, Andrew C. Becker, Peter M. Challis, Arti Garg, Knut Olsen, Douglas L. Welch, and Thomas Matheson

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, Milky Way, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Echo (computing), Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Galactic plane, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Cassiopeia A, Supernova, Space and Planetary Science, Light echo, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We report the discovery of an extensive system of scattered light echo arclets associated with the recent supernovae in the local neighbourhood of the Milky Way: Tycho (SN 1572) and Cassiopeia A. Existing work suggests that the Tycho SN was a thermonuclear explosion while the Cas A supernova was a core collapse explosion. Precise classifications according to modern nomenclature require spectra of the outburst light. In the case of ancient SNe, this can only be done with spectroscopy of their light echo, where the discovery of the light echoes from the outburst light is the first step. Adjacent light echo positions suggest that Cas A and Tycho may share common scattering dust structures. If so, it is possible to measure precise distances between historical Galactic supernovae. On-going surveys that alert on the development of bright scattered-light echo features have the potential to reveal detailed spectroscopic information for many recent Galactic supernovae, both directly visible and obscured by dust in the Galactic plane., 4 pages, 4 color figures, accepted for publication in ApJL

Published
2008

16. Spectral identification of an ancient supernova using light echoes in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Author

Alfredo Zenteno, Lorenzo Morelli, Robert Connon Smith, M. Bergmann, M. E. Huber, N. B. Suntzeff, Stephane Blondin, A. Miceli, P. Challis, Thomas Matheson, M. Modjaz, A. Clocchiatti, K. A. G. Olsen, Dante Minniti, K. H. Cook, D. L. Welch, Christopher W. Stubbs, M. Hicken, A. Newman, W. M. Wood-Vasey, Guillermo Damke, Sergei Nikolaev, A. C. Becker, Arti Garg, J. L. Prieto, G. Pignata, Armin Rest, Ryan J. Foley, and R. A. Covarrubias

Subjects
Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Milky Way, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Supernova, Space and Planetary Science, Light echo, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, Supernova remnant, Large Magellanic Cloud, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We report the successful identification of the type of the supernova responsible for the supernova remnant SNR 0509-675 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using Gemini spectra of surrounding light echoes. The ability to classify outbursts associated with centuries-old remnants provides a new window into several aspects of supernova research and is likely to be successful in providing new constraints on additional LMC supernovae as well as their historical counterparts in the Milky Way Galaxy (MWG). The combined spectrum of echo light from SNR 0509-675 shows broad emission and absorption lines consistent with a supernova (SN) spectrum. We create a spectral library consisting of 26 SNe Ia and 6 SN Ib/c that are time-integrated, dust-scattered by LMC dust, and reddened by the LMC and MWG. We fit these SN templates to the observed light echo spectrum using $\chi^2$ minimization as well as correlation techniques, and we find that overluminous 91T-like SNe Ia with $\dm15

Published
2008

17. Exploring the Outer Solar System with the ESSENCE Supernova Survey

Author

Robert P. Kirshner, Alexei V. Filippenko, Christopher W. Stubbs, Nathan A. Kaib, Jesper Sollerman, Arti Garg, Weidong Li, Saurabh Jha, Ryan J. Foley, Malcolm Hicken, Antonino Miceli, John L. Tonry, Nicholas B. Suntzeff, Gautham Narayan, J. L. Prieto, Guillermo Damke, Adam G. Riess, Bruno Leibundgut, A. Rest, C. Aguilera, Tamara M. Davis, A. Zenteno, Maria Elena Salvo, G. Miknaitis, Jason Spyromilio, Alejandro Clocchiatti, Peter M. Challis, W. M. Wood-Vasey, J. W. Blackman, Andrew C. Becker, Kevin Krisciunas, R. C. Smith, R. Covarrubias, Thomas Matheson, Kenza S. Arraki, Peter M. Garnavich, Brian P. Schmidt, Giuliano Pignata, and Stéphane Blondin

Subjects
Solar System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Neptune, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Ecliptic, Uranus, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Supernova, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Orbit (dynamics), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Orbit determination
Abstract

We report the discovery and orbit determination of 14 trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) from the ESSENCE Supernova Survey difference imaging dataset. Two additional objects discovered in a similar search of the SDSS-II Supernova Survey database were recovered in this effort. ESSENCE repeatedly observed fields far from the Solar System ecliptic (-21 deg < beta < -5 deg), reaching limiting magnitudes per observation of I~23.1 and R~23.7. We examine several of the newly detected objects in detail, including 2003 UC_414 which orbits entirely between Uranus and Neptune and lies very close to a dynamical region that would make it stable for the lifetime of the Solar System. 2003 SS_422 and 2007 TA_418 have high eccentricities and large perihelia, making them candidate members of an outer class of trans-Neptunian objects. We also report a new member of the ''extended'' or ''detached'' scattered disk, 2004 VN_112, and verify the stability of its orbit using numerical simulations. This object would have been visible to ESSENCE for only ~2% of its orbit, suggesting a vast number of similar objects across the sky. We emphasize that off-ecliptic surveys are optimal for uncovering the diversity of such objects, which in turn will constrain the history of gravitational influences that shaped our early Solar System., 5 pages, 1 table, accepted for publication in ApJL

Published
2008

18. Light echoes of SNe in the LMC

Author

Dante Minniti, Christopher W. Stubbs, Lorenzo Morelli, Peter M. Challis, J. L. Prieto, D. L. Welch, Kem H. Cook, Arti Garg, Guillermo Damke, R. Chris Smith, Sergei Nikolaev, Antonino Miceli, Mark E. Huber, Knut Olsen, Andrew C. Becker, A. Rest, Alejandro Clocchiatti, Gajus Miknaitis, A. Newman, Alfredo Zenteno, and Nicholas B. Suntzeff

Subjects
Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Near-Earth supernova
Abstract

The SuperMACHO project has discovered light echoes from 3 ancient SNe in the LMC. These SNRs are three of the six youngest in the LMC, and are classified as likely SN Ia based on X-ray data.

Published
2007

19. EXPLORING HALO SUBSTRUCTURE WITH GIANT STARS. XIV. THE NATURE OF THE TRIANGULUM-ANDROMEDA STELLAR FEATURES

Author

Kathryn V. Johnston, Steven R. Majewski, Whitney Richardson, Rachael L. Beaton, H. J. Rocha-Pinto, Allyson A. Sheffield, and Guillermo Damke

Subjects
Physics, Triangulum, Metallicity, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Giant star, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Galactic halo, Red-giant branch, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Asymptotic giant branch, Dwarf galaxy
Abstract

As large-scale stellar surveys have become available over the past decade, the ability to detect and characterize substructures in the Galaxy has increased dramatically. These surveys have revealed the Triangulum-Andromeda (TriAnd) region to be rich with substructure in the distance range 20-30 kpc, and the relation of these features to each other -- if any -- remains unclear. This complex situation motivates this re-examination of the TriAnd region with a photometric and spectroscopic survey of M giants. An exploration using 2MASS photometry reveals not only the faint sequence in M giants detected by Rocha-Pinto et al. (2004) spanning the range $100^{\circ}, Comment: 49 pages, 15 figures; submitted to ApJ

Published
2014
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20. HIGH-RESOLUTION H-BAND SPECTROSCOPY OF Be STARS WITH SDSS-III/APOGEE. I. NEW Be STARS, LINE IDENTIFICATIONS, AND LINE PROFILES.

Author

S. Drew Chojnowski, David G. Whelan, John P. Wisniewski, Steven R. Majewski, Matthew Hall, Matthew Shetrone, Rachael Beaton, Adam Burton, Guillermo Damke, Steve Eikenberry, Sten Hasselquist, Jon A. Holtzman, Szabolcs Mészáros, David Nidever, Donald P. Schneider, John Wilson, Gail Zasowski, Dmitry Bizyaev, Howard Brewington, and J. Brinkmann

Published
2015
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