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OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to evaluate the awareness of oral health workers in identifying the prevalence of oral manifestations of systemic diseases in patients visiting the Dental Out-Patient Department of Sindh, Pakistan. METHODOLOGY A descriptive, cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan, from October to December 2021. The study was conducted in various institutes from all over Sindh, Pakistan. An online, well-structured questionnaire was designed using Google Forms and distributed to the participants through social media platforms in the dental community. Using the Open-Epi software regarding a parent article, the sample size of this study was calculated. Keeping the confidence interval at 95% and the desired percentile at 50, the total sample size was calculated to be 100. Around 175 questionnaires were given out to the candidates. RESULTS The results showed that 81% male and 19% female participated, including 45% postgraduate trainees, 30% house officers, and 25% general dentists. 80% detected 2-3 systemic diseases in a patient, with 75% observing oral manifestations preceding systemic illness diagnosis. The majority favoured treating underlying ailments (75%), and prevalent conditions included hypertension (90%), diabetes (80%), anaemia (75%), and lichen planus (40.7%). CONCLUSION Oral health workers play a vital role in the initial and early identification and multidisciplinary medical management of various systemic diseases. A coordinated approach between physicians and dentists in diagnosing and managing these conditions is necessary to achieve optimal clinical outcomes.

AbstractThe interaction between fluid flow and magnetic fields finds real-life applications in various industries, including semiconductors, fusion energy, plasma processing, and spacecraft propulsion. In this study, our objective is to investigate the behavior of a ternary hybrid nanofluid as it flows over a surface stretched in two directions. We consider the amalgamation of Hall current and ion slip effects, as well as homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions. The flow is influenced by Cattaneo–Christov heat flux, heat generation/absorption, and slip and convective conditions at the surface boundary. This ternary hybrid nanofluid comprises three types of nanoparticles—silicon carbide (SiC), copper oxide (CuO), and titanium oxide (TiO2)—suspended in a base fluid of diathermic oil (DO). We employ numerical methods to solve this system, utilizing the bvp4c function in MATLAB software. The results are presented graphically, demonstrating the correlation between key parameters and associated profiles. The findings reveal that the thermal profile diminishes with increasing Biot number but improves with the thermal relaxation effect. Furthermore, it is examined that the performance of the ternary hybrid nanofluid flow surpasses that of both hybrid and simple nanofluid flows. To corroborate our model, we provide a comparison with a published work in a limiting case within this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key function of lubricants is to reduce the friction, wear, and heat between the parts that are in contact with each other. The main applications of the lubricants are to control temperature, and reduction in wear and corrosion of the machinery. Keeping in mind the importance of lubrication and its applications in varied machines. The goal of this research is to inspect the heat transmission impact in the magnetohydrodynamic flow of Jeffrey liquid near a stagnation point through a lubricated surface. Lubrication is accomplished by a shear-thinning liquid. The velocity, continuity, and shear stress, amalgamated with power-law fluids, are used to develop interfacial conditions. The exclusivity of the anticipated model is the inclusion of variable thermal conductivity and diffusion coefficients in the existence of homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions. Using the Keller–Box finite-difference approximation approach, the numerical results are accomplished. The outcomes are portrayed and tabulated in the form of diagrams and tables, respectively. It is witnessed that a greater magnetic field affects the fluid flow velocity and the drag force coefficient. Moreover, it is also inferred that the heat transfer rate dwindled for the greater thermal conductivity parameter. Authentication of the presented model is also part of this investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology captures great interest in various areas and has wide range of applications. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been synthesized through different means such as physical, chemical, and green methods, whereas green synthesis of nanoparticles is a cost-effective, economical, non-toxic, and eco-friendly method, and TiO2 nanoparticles have been used in cosmetic products as ultraviolet filters. Marigold (MG) being a strong antioxidant has been used for skin protection and contains anti-aging effects. In this study, MG-mediated TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were biosynthesized, and bioactive compounds of this plant act as reducing and capping agents during the fabrication of nanoparticles. Characterization of NPs was done by using different techniques such as UV/Vis, XRD, and SEM. UV–visible absorption spectroscopy illustrated MG-TiO2 NPs activity in visible light. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) confirmed the crystalline structure of TiO2, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) discovered the cylindrical shape of MG-TiO2 NPs. The size of these NPs was found at 45.93 nm. MG extracts and NPs are analyzed for antioxidant activities, and MG nanoparticles showed strong antioxidant activity 50 µg/ml against DPPH. MG M and E also showed good oxidant scavenging activity. MG-TiO2 NPs exhibited excellent results 82% against hydrogen mediated hemolysis in anti-hemolytic activity whereas MGM and MGE scavenge oxidants up to 74 and 73%. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that MG-NPs, MGM, and MGE extracts presented good results 23.42828 µg/ml, 25.14318 µg/ml, and 49.97482 µg/ml against brine shrimp assay and represent 86%, 40%, and 25% anticancer potential against hepG2 cell lines. Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants illustrated the highest inhibition zone against 24-mm Salmonella gallinarum for MG-TiO2 NPs marigold methanol extract (MGM) and marigold ethanol extract (MGE) showing moderate antibacterial activity but no zones against Paeruginosa aeruginosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]