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Objective: To determine the adverse maternal outcome in teenage pregnancies reported to a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 177 females (15-19 years of age) and gestational age of more than 28 weeks was confirmed through ultrasonography. Adverse maternal outcomes such as anemia, eclampsia, pre-eclampsia, preterm deliveries, and lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) were measured as per defined in the operational definition. Maternal outcomes were stratified among residence and educational level to see effect modifiers. Results: In this study, anemia was detected in 45 (25.4%) patients while eclampsia and pre-eclampsia were noted in 44 (24.9%) and 45 (25.4%) patients respectively. Pre-term delivery and LSCS were observed in 79 (44.6%) and 53 (29.9%) patients respectively. Lower educational level was associated with eclampsia, preterm delivery, and lower segment cesarean section. Conclusion: Teenage pregnancy was reported to be related to a high rate of adverse maternal outcomes like anemia, eclampsia, pre-eclampsia, premature birth, and LSCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural, electronic and magnetic properties of the quaternary perovskites LnMn3V4O12 (Ln = La, Nd and Gd) are calculated using generalised gradient approximation along with Hubbard potential (GGA + U) within the frame work of density functional theory (DFT). It is observed that the calculated lattice constants are decreases as going from La→Gd due to the lanthanide's contraction and found consistent with the experiments. The electron charge densities show that the Ln—O bond is ionic whereas the bond between Mn/V—O is covalent. The metallic nature of these compounds is confirmed by the overall band structures. The magnetic susceptibility curves show that all these compounds are anti-ferromagnetic and the exchange interactions play vital role in the magnetic properties of these perovskites. Furthermore, the electrical resistivities calculated by BoltzTrap code also verify the metallic nature of all these compounds. This study also confirms that in these compounds Mn 3d-states electrons are responsible for the magnetic behaviour whereas V 3d-states electrons for the electronic behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

series of new 5-substituted aryl/aralkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl 4-(morpholin-4-ylsulfonyl)benzyl sulfides 6a-k were synthesized by converting multifarious aryl/aralkyl organic acids 1a-k successively into corresponding esters 2a-k, hydrazides 3a-k, and 5-substituted aryl/aralkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiols 4a-k. Finally, the target compounds, 6a-k were prepared by stirring 5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiols with 4-(4-(bromomethyl)phenylsulfonyl) morpholine (5) in the presence of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and sodium hydride (NaH). The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. In addition, the antibacterial activity of all the synthesized compounds was investigated in vitro against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by using ciprofloxacin as reference standard drug and the results showed that some of the tested compounds possessed good antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the described research work, a new series of N-substituted derivatives of 5-(4- chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-yl-2-sulfanyl acetamide has been synthesized. The synthesis was carried out by converting 4-chlorobenzoic acid (1) into ethyl 4-chlorobenzoate (2), 4- chlorobenzohydrazide (3) and then 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-thiol (4) respectively. The target molecules 6a-o were synthesized by reacting compound 4 with different N-alkyl/aryl substituted 2-bromoacetamide (5a-o) in equimolar ratios of using DMF and sodium hydride (NaH). The structure of all the synthesized compounds was confirmed by spectral data like EI-MS, IR and 1H-NMR. The compounds were also analysed for antimicrobial & hemolytic activity and most of them were found active against the selected microbial species at variable extent relative to reference standards. But 6f and 6o were the active against the selected panel of microbes and former was most potent one. This series revealed less toxicity and may consider for further biological screening and application trial except 6g and 6j, exhibiting high cytotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current work, a number of new N-(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)aryl sulfonamides (3a-e) and N-ethyl/benzyl-N-(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)aryl sulfonamides (6a-e and 7a-e) were synthesized and evaluated for their biological activities. The synthesis was carried out by coupling 2-amino-4-chloroanisole (1) with different aryl sulfonyl chlorides, 2a-e, under dynamic pH control in aqueous medium to formaryl sulfonamides, 3a-e. Further, N-ethyl/benzyl-N-(5-chloro-2- methoxyphenyl)aryl sulfonamides (6a-e and 7a-e) were synthesized by stirring 3a-e with the elect rophiles, 4 and 5, in the presence of sodium hydride and N,N-dimethylformamide. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized from their spectral data. In addition, the in vitroanti bacterial activity of all the target compounds was investigated against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria using ciprofloxacin as a reference drug. Many of these compounds exhibited moderate to good activity and subtle structural changes in the substituents altered the inhibitory properties significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to pharmacological importance of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives, a new series of S-substituted derivatives, 4a-v, of 5-[1-(phenylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-thiol (1) was synthesized. The reaction of benzenesulfonyl chloride with ethyl isonipecotate yielded ethyl 1- (phenylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-carboxylate (1), which was further converted into 1-(Phenylsulfonyl) piperidin-4-carbohydrazide (2) by hydrazine hydrate and then 2 into 5-[1-(phenylsulfonyl)piperidin- 4-yl]-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-thiol (3) in the presence of CS2 along with KOH. The target compounds (4a-v) were synthesized by treating 3 with various electrophiles in DMF and NaH. The proposed structures of compounds, 4a-v, were corroborated through IR, 1H-NMR & EI-MS spectral data. Further these were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It was observed that the substitution at sulfur of thiol group influenced the antibacterial activity significantly and so varied from moderate to excellent level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]