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Background: Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet drug widely prescribed to prevent atherothrombotic events in coronary artery disease patients. However, there is evidence to suggest that the effectiveness of clopidogrel varies owing to genetic diversity in CYP2C19. This heterogeneity in South Asians, who are also known to have high risk of cardiac events than other population groups, highlights the importance of investigating CYP2C19 variants to estimate the risk proportion in the groups. Methods: Given the high prevalence and genetic heterogeneity, the population‐based case control was conducted in a cohort of 1191 subjects comprising 645 acute coronary syndrome (ACS) cases (unstable angina, ST‐elevation myocardial infarction, and non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction) and 546 healthy controls of South Asian Indian origin. The metabolization status of CYP2C19 was assessed using *2, *3 and *17 variants in the stated cohorts to determine the prevalence of metabolization and its association with phenotypes. Results: The results suggest a possible genetic association between studied CYP2C19 polymorphisms and ACS, since there was a higher proportion of intermediate and poor metabolizers present in the studied cohorts. The association analyses revealed that the *2 allele of CYP2C19 confers a significant risk for ACS, while the *17 allele provides protection. Conclusions: These findings contribute to the understanding of CYP2C19 genetic variants and their impact on clopidogrel response in South Asian Indians. Additionally, they underline the significance of assessing CYP2C19 variations in patients receiving clopidogrel therapy in order to improve therapeutic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Vivek. Guleria, Chetan. Sharda, Tanuja. Rana, A. Sood Carbamazepine, is well known to cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis(TEN). Oxcarbazepine, a 10-keto analog of carbamazepine, is an anticholinergic, [...]

Byline: Vivek. Guleria, Nitin. Sharma, Sagar. Amitabh, Velu. Nair Immune hemolytic anemia is a rare adverse effect of ceftriaxone, a third-generation cephalosporin, which is a commonly used antibiotic. We describe [...]

Byline: Vivek. Guleria, Prabhat. Chauhan, Subramanian. Shankar, Velu. Nair Catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (CAPS) resembles severe sepsis in its acute presentation, with features of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) leading [...]

Primary cardiac tumors are relatively rare, and myxoma, the most common variety, is found predominantly in the left atrium. Clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic incidental masses to serious life-threatening cardiovascular complications. Some cases are difficult to diagnose, as symptoms can be nonspecific. We present a case of a young female with 4 months of history of dyspnea, weight loss, and night sweats, eventually diagnosed as a case of large left atrial myxoma arising from the anterior mitral valve through transthoracic echocardiography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shrinking lung syndrome (SLS) is a infrequently reported manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Reported prevalence of SLS is about 0.5% in SLE patients. Pathogenesis is not fully understood and different therapeutic modalities have been employed with variable results, as only 77 cases of SLS have been documented in literature. SLS in SLE-Scleroderma overlap has not been reported yet. We report a patient of SLE - scleroderma overlap presenting with dyspnea, intermittent orthopnea and pleuritic chest pain. Evaluation revealed elevated hemidiaphragms and severe restrictive defect. She was eventually diagnosed as a case of SLS. This case report is a reminder to the medical fraternity that SLS although a rare complication must be thought of in the special subset of patients of SLE having respiratory symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major health problem in developed and developing nations. Development of CAD involves a complex interaction between genetics and lifestyle factors. Individuals with high-risk genetic predisposition along with poor lifestyle are more inclined to the development of CAD. Advancement in genotyping technologies and increase in genome wide studies has provided a platform to identify new risk factors associated with CAD and associated complexities., Methodology: In this study we performed genome wide screening in 76 well-defined CAD cases and 77 control samples in Indian population. Interestingly, new variants are identified in three genes viz , VLDLR, IFITM2 and C2CD4C., Results: The odds ratios observed for variant rs1869592 ( VLDLR ), rs1059091 ( IFITMI ) and rs7247159 ( C2CD4C ) were 2.6 (1.4-4.8 95% CI), 1.9 (95% CI 1.2-3.1) and 2.1 (1.2-3.7 95% CI), respectively with significant P value <0.01. These variants that are associated with pathogenesis of CAD were not previously reported in literature. Moreover, we anticipate that these variants will be further validated using a larger sample size., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2022.)