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1. Depth-Resolved Composition and Electronic Structure of Buried Layers and Interfaces in a LaNiO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ Superlattice from Soft- and Hard- X-ray Standing-Wave Angle-Resolved Photoemission

Author

Eiteneer, D., Pálsson, G. K., Nemšák, S., Gray, A. X., Kaiser, A. M., Son, J., LeBeau, J., Conti, G., Greer, A. A., Keqi, A., Rattanachata, A., Saw, A. Y., Bostwick, A., Rotenberg, E., Gullikson, E. M., Ueda, S., Kobayashi, K., Janotti, A., Van de Walle, C. G., Blanca-Romero, A., Pentcheva, R., Schneider, C. M., Stemmer, S., and Fadley, C. S.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

LaNiO$_3$ (LNO) is an intriguing member of the rare-earth nickelates in exhibiting a metal-insulator transition for a critical film thickness of about 4 unit cells [Son et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 062114 (2010)]; however, such thin films also show a transition to a metallic state in superlattices with SrTiO$_3$ (STO) [Son et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 202109 (2010)]. In order to better understand this transition, we have studied a strained LNO/STO superlattice with 10 repeats of [4 unit-cell LNO/3 unit-cell STO] grown on an (LaAlO$_3$)$_{0.3}$(Sr$_2$AlTaO$_6$)$_{0.7}$ substrate using soft x-ray standing-wave-excited angle-resolved photoemission (SWARPES), together with soft- and hard- x-ray photoemission measurements of core levels and densities-of-states valence spectra. The experimental results are compared with state-of-the-art density functional theory (DFT) calculations of band structures and densities of states. Using core-level rocking curves and x-ray optical modeling to assess the position of the standing wave, SWARPES measurements are carried out for various incidence angles and used to determine interface-specific changes in momentum-resolved electronic structure. We further show that the momentum-resolved behavior of the Ni 3d eg and t2g states near the Fermi level, as well as those at the bottom of the valence bands, is very similar to recently published SWARPES results for a related La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ superlattice that was studied using the same technique (Gray et al., Europhysics Letters 104, 17004 (2013)), which further validates this experimental approach and our conclusions. Our conclusions are also supported in several ways by comparison to DFT calculations for the parent materials and the superlattice, including layer-resolved density-of-states results.

Published
2015
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2. Sensitivity of an image plate system in the XUV (60 eV < E < 900 eV)

Author

Failor, B. H., Gullikson, E. M., Link, N. G., Riordan, J. C., and Wilson, B. C.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Phosphor imaging plates (IPs) have been calibrated and proven useful for quantitative x-ray imaging in the 1 to over 1000 keV energy range. In this paper we report on calibration measurements made at XUV energies in the 60 to 900 eV energy range using beamline 6.3.2 at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. We measured a sensitivity of ~25 plus or minus 15 counts/pJ over the stated energy range which is compatible with the sensitivity of Si photodiodes that are used for time-resolved measurements. Our measurements at 900 eV are consistent with the measurements made by Meadowcroft et al. at ~1 keV., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures

Published
2012
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5. Single-cycle nonlinear optics

Author

Goulielmakis, E., Schultze, M., Hofstetter, M., Yakovlev, V. S., Gagnon, J., Uiberacker, M., Aquila, A. L., gullikson, E. M., attwood, D. T., Kienberger, R., Krausz, F., and Kleineberg, U.

Published
2008

11. Broadband multilayer mirror and diffractive optics for attosecond pulse shaping in the 280-500 eV photon energy range

Author

Schmidt J., Gullikson E. M., Yang S., Nickel B., Hertrich S., Späth C., Rauhut R., Hofstetter M., Guggenmos A., Seibald M., Schnick W., Krausz F., and Kleineberg U.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Chirped broadband multilayer mirrors are key components to shape attosecond pulses in the XUV range. Compressing high harmonic pulses to their Fourier limit is the major goal for attosecond physics utilizing short pulse pump-probe experiments. Here, we report about the first implementation of multilayers and diffractive optics fulfilling these requirements in the “water-window” spectral range.

Published
2013
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12. Probing single-unit-cell resolved electronic structure modulations in oxide superlattices with standing-wave photoemission

Author

Yang, W., primary, Chandrasena, R. U., additional, Gu, M., additional, dos Reis, R. M. S., additional, Moon, E. J., additional, Arab, Arian, additional, Husanu, M.-A., additional, Nemšák, S., additional, Gullikson, E. M., additional, Ciston, J., additional, Strocov, V. N., additional, Rondinelli, J. M., additional, May, S. J., additional, and Gray, A. X., additional

Published
2019
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14. Багатошарові рентгенівські дзеркала Sc / Si з бар'єрними шарами CrB2

Author

Pershyn, Yuriy P., Devizenko, A.Yu., Zubarev, Evgeniy N., Kondratenko, Valeriy V., Voronov, Dmitriy L., and Gullikson, E. M.

Subjects
екстремальний ультрафіолет, multilayer X-ray mirror, barrier layer, відбивна здатність, extreme ultraviolet, interlayer, reflectivity, бар'єрні шари, перемішані зони, багатошарове рентгенівське дзеркало
Abstract

Methods of X-ray reflectometry λ0.154 nm), cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and re flectometry in the EUV region (λ = 41-51 nm) were used to investigate the barrier properties of CrB2 layers 0.3-1.3 nm thick in Sc/CrB2/Si multilayer X-ray mirrors (MXMs) deposited by DC magnetron sputtering. It is shown that barrier layers of ~ 0.3 nm separate Sc and Si layers completely and prevent interacting the Sc and Si layers. Thinner chromium diboride layers interact with the matrix layers forming interlayers containing mostly ScB2 on the Si-on-Sc interfaces and CrSi2 on the Sc-on-Si ones. Scandium-silicon MXMs with barrier layers on the both interfaces are shown to retain high reflectivity at the wavelength of λ ~ 47 nm. Для дослідження бар'єрних властивостей шарів CrB2 товщиною 0,3-1,3 нм у багатошарових рентгенівських дзеркалах (MXM), що осідають багатошаровими рентгенівськими дзеркалами (MXM), що осідають за допомогою магнетронного напилення постійним струмом, використовувалися методи рентгенівської рефлексії Sc/CrB2/Si товщиною 0,3-1,3 нм. Показано, що бар'єрні шари ~ 0,3 нм повністю розділяють шари Sc і Si і перешкоджають взаємодії шарів Sc і Si. Більш тонкі шари дибориду хрому взаємодіють з матричними шарами, утворюючи прошарки, що містять в основному ScB2 на інтерфейсах Si-on-Sc і CrSi2 на Sc-on-Si. Показано, що скандієво-кремнієві MXM з бар'єрними шарами на обох інтерфейсах зберігають високу відбивну здатність на довжині хвилі ~ 47 нм.

Published
2018

15. Optical constants from mirror reflectivities measured at synchrotrons

Author

Blake, R. L, Davis, J. C, Burbine, T. H, Graessle, D. E, and Gullikson, E. M

Subjects
Optics
Abstract

Improved mirror reflectivity measurement techniques have been introduced to permit more accurate determinations of optical constants delta and beta in the complex index of refraction n = 1 - delta - i(beta) over the energy range 50 to 5000 eV. When the density has been determined by X-ray or other means, one can calculate the real and imaginary parts, f-prime and f-double prime, of the complex atomic scattering factor f = f(o) + f-prime + if-double prime from delta and beta. Preliminary results are given for the Ni LIII edge around 852 eV, and the Au M edge region from 2150 to 3500 eV. Since these are the first experimental evaluations of delta for these element edges, they are compared with appropriate reservations to semiempirical tabulations. There is much potential for this technique applied to synchrotron sources.

Published
1993

17. Near-edge x-ray absorption fine-structure study of ion-beam-induced phase transformation in Gd2(Ti1-yZry)2O7.

Author

Nachimuthu, P., Thevuthasan, S., Shutthanandan, V., Adams, E. M., Weber, W. J., Begg, B. D., Shuh, D. K., Lindle, D. W., Gullikson, E. M., and Perera, R. C. C.

Subjects
X-ray absorption near edge structure, PHASE transitions, X-ray spectroscopy, ABSORPTION spectra, ION bombardment, COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics), STATISTICAL physics
Abstract

The structural and electronic properties of Gd2(Ti1-yZry)2O7 (y=0–1) pyrochlores following a 2.0-MeV Au2+ ion-beam irradiation (∼5.0×1014 Au2+/cm2) have been investigated by Ti 2p and O 1s near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). The irradiation of Gd2(Ti1-yZry)2O7 leads to the phase transformation from the ordered pyrochlore structure (Fd3m) to the defect fluorite structure (Fm3m) regardless of Zr concentration. Irradiated Gd2(Ti1-yZry)2O7 with y<=0.5 are amorphous, although significant short-range order is present. Contrasting to this behavior, compositions with y>=0.75 retain crystallinity in the defect fluorite structure following irradiation. The local structures of Zr4+ in the irradiated Gd2(Ti1-yZry)2O7 with y>=0.75 determined by NEXAFS are the same as in the cubic fluorite-structured yttria-stabilized zirconia (Y–ZrO2), thereby providing conclusive evidence for the phase transformation. The TiO6 octahedra present in Gd2(Ti1-yZry)2O7 are completely modified by ion-beam irradiation to TiOx polyhedra, and the Ti coordination is increased to eight with longer Ti–O bond distances. The similarity between cation sites and the degree of disorder in Gd2Zr2O7 facilitate the rearrangement and relaxation of Gd, Zr, and O ions/defects. This inhibits amorphization during the ion-beam-induced phase transition to the radiation-resistant defect fluorite structure, which is in contrast to the ordered Gd2Ti2O7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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18. Method for repairing Mo/Si multilayer thin film phase defects in reticles for extreme ultraviolet lithography.

Author

Mirkarimi, P. B., Stearns, D. G., Baker, S. L., Elmer, J. W., Sweeney, D. W., and Gullikson, E. M.

Subjects
MOLYBDENUM, SILICON, RETICLES, LITHOGRAPHY
Abstract

The development of a nearly defect-free reticle blank is an important challenge facing extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL). The core element of an EUVL reticle blank is the reflective Mo/Si multilayer film, and deposition of Mo/Si on very small substrate defects can result in critical Mo/Si phase defects. In this article we present a method for repairing Mo/Si multilayer film phase defects in EUVL reticle blanks. An electron beam is used to deposit energy in the immediate vicinity of the defect, producing a small local contraction of the layer thicknesses due to silicide formation at the Mo/Si interfaces. We show in simulations that this contraction can significantly reduce the original structural deformation. We also present experimental results showing that it is possible to use an electron beam to controllably produce depressions in Mo/Si with nanometer-scale depths, and that this can be achieved without significantly impairing the reflective properties of the Mo/Si multilayer films. © 2002 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002
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25. Magnetic properties of trans-polyacetylene doped with FeCl3.

Author

Jones, T. E., Butler, W. F., Ogden, T. R., Gottfredson, D. M., and Gullikson, E. M.

Subjects
POLYACETYLENES, MAGNETIC ions, POLYMERS, TEMPERATURE
Abstract

Samples of trans-polyacetylene, (CH)x, were doped with the magnetic ion, FeCl-4, by immersion in nitromethane solutions of FeCl3. The resulting dopant levels ranged over two orders of magnitude. ESR spectra and spin–lattice relaxation times, T1, were measured for the undoped polymer and lightly doped polymer over the temperature range 1.5–120 K. The ESR spectra of trans-(CH)x lightly doped (<1 mol % Fe-4 ) with FeCl-4 exhibit a narrow (ΔH≊5–10 G at 4.2 K) g=2.003 signal which decreases in relative amplitude with increasing dopant level, and broad signals at g=2 (ΔH≊500 G), which increases with increasing dopant level, and at g=4.3 (ΔH≊200 G). The narrow signal is the intrinsic trans-(CH)x signal; the broad signals are attributable to iron. T1 for the narrow signal is approximately one-half of the value of undoped trans-(CH)x at 4.2 K. dc susceptibilities for all of the doped samples were measured over the temperature range of 1.5–300 K. The magnetically doped samples all exhibit Curie law behavior, and an analysis of the magnetization data yields an effective moment, Jeff, equal to 2.77, close to the value 5/2 expected for Fe(III). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1988
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27. Depth-Resolved Composition and Electronic Structure of Buried Layers and Interfaces in a LaNiO3/SrTiO3 Superlatticefroni Soft- and Hard-X-ray Standing-Wave Angle-Resolved Photoemission

Author

Eiteneer, D., Pálsson, Gunna K., Nemsak, S., Gray, A. X., Kaiser, A. M., Son, J., LeBeau, J., Conti, G., Greer, A. A., Kaqi, A., Rattanachata, A., Saw, A. Y., Bostwick, A., Rotenberg, E., Gullikson, E. M., Ueda, S., Kobayashi, K., Janotti, A., Van de Walle, C. G., Blanca-Romero, A., Pentcheva, R., Schneider, C. M., Stemmer, S., Fadley, C. S., Eiteneer, D., Pálsson, Gunna K., Nemsak, S., Gray, A. X., Kaiser, A. M., Son, J., LeBeau, J., Conti, G., Greer, A. A., Kaqi, A., Rattanachata, A., Saw, A. Y., Bostwick, A., Rotenberg, E., Gullikson, E. M., Ueda, S., Kobayashi, K., Janotti, A., Van de Walle, C. G., Blanca-Romero, A., Pentcheva, R., Schneider, C. M., Stemmer, S., and Fadley, C. S.

Abstract

LaNiO3 (LNO) is an intriguing member of the rare-earth nickelates in exhibiting a metal-insulator transition for a critical film thickness of about 4 unit cells [Son et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 062114 (2010)]; however, such thin films also show a transition to a metallic state in superlattices with SrTiO3 (STO) [Son et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 202109 (2010)]. In order to better understand this transition, we have studied a strained LNO/STO superlattice with 10 repeats of [4 unit-cell LNO/3 unit-cell STO] grown on an (LaAlO3)(0.3)(Sr2AlTaO6)(0.7) substrate using soft x-ray standing-wave-excited angle-resolved photoemission (SWARPES), together with soft- and hard- x-ray photoemission-measurements of core levels and densities-of-states valence spectra. The experimental results are compared with state-of-the-art density functional theory (DFT) calculations of band structures and densities of states. Using core-level rocking curves and x-ray optical modeling to assess the position of the standing wave, SWARPES measurements are carried out for various incidence angles and used to determine interface-specific changes in momentum-resolved electronic structure. We further show that the momentum-resolved behavior of the Ni 3d e(g) and t(2g) states near the Fermi level, as well as those at the bottom of the valence bands, is very similar to recently published SWARPES results for a related La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrTiO3 superlattice that was-studied using the same technique (Gray et al., Europhysics Letters 104, 17004 (2013)), which further validates this experimental approach and our conclusions. Our conclusions are also supported in several ways by comparison to DFT calculations for the parent materials and the superlattice, including layer-resolved density-of-states results.

Published
2016
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31. Suppression of Near-Fermi Level Electronic States at the Interface in a LaNiO3/SrTiO3 Superlattice

Author

Kaiser, A. M., Gray, X., Yang, S.-H., Gullikson, E. M., Kortright, J., Stemmer, B.S., Fadley, C. S., Conti, G., Son, J., Greer, A., Perona, A., Rattanachata, A., Saw, A. J., Bostwick, A., and Yang, S.

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Materials Science, ddc:550, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Standing-wave-excited photoemission is used to study a SrTiO3/LaNiO3 superlattice. Rocking curves of core-level and valence band spectra are used to derive layer-resolved spectral functions, revealing a suppression of electronic states near the Fermi level in the multilayer as compared to bulk LaNiO3. Further analysis shows that the suppression of these states is not homogeneously distributed over the LaNiO3 layers but is more pronounced near the interfaces. Possible origins of this effect and its relationship to a previously observed metal-insulator-transition in ultrathin LaNiO3 films are discussed.

Published
2011
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32. The influence of working gas pressure on interlayer mixing in magnetron-deposited Mo/Si multilayers

Author

Pershyn, Yuriy P., Gullikson, E. M., Artyukov, I. A., Kondratenko, V. V., Sevryukova, V. A., Voronov, D. L., Zubarev, Evgeniy N., and Vinogradov, A. V.

Subjects
multilayer X-ray mirror, magnetron sputtering, pressure variation, interlayer composition
Abstract

Impact of Ar gas pressure (1−4 mTorr) on the growth of amorphous interlayers in Mo/Si multilayers deposited by magnetron sputtering was investigated by small-angle x-ray scattering (l=0.154 nm) and methods of cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Some reduction of thickness of the amorphous inter-layers with Ar pressure increase was found, while composition of the layers was enriched with molybdenum. The interface modification resulted in raise of EUV reflectance of the Mo/Si multilayers

Published
2011

34. Interface properties of magnetic tunnel junction La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrTiO3 superlattices studied by standing-wave excited photoemission spectroscopy

Author

Gray, A. X., Papp, C., Balke, B., Yang, S. -H., Huijben, M., Rotenberg, E., Bostwick, A., Ueda, S., Yamashita, Y., Kobayashi, K., Gullikson, E. M., Kortright, J. B., de Groot, F. M. F., Rijnders, G., Blank, D. H. A., Ramesh, R., Fadley, C. S., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, and Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Materials Science, ROOM-TEMPERATURE, MAGNETORESISTANCE, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, OXIDES
Abstract

The chemical and electronic-structure profiles of magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrTiO3 (LSMO/STO) superlattices have been quantitatively determined via soft and hard x-ray standing-wave excited photoemission, x-ray absorption and x-ray reflectivity, in conjunction with x-ray optical and core-hole multiplet theoretical modeling. Epitaxial superlattice samples consisting of 48 and 120 bilayers of LSMO and STO, each nominally four unit cells thick, and still exhibiting LSMO ferromagnetism, were studied. By varying the incidence angle around the superlattice Bragg condition, the standing wave was moved vertically through the interfaces. By comparing experiment to x-ray optical calculations, the detailed chemical profile of the superlattice and its interfaces was quantitatively derived with angstrom precision. The multilayers were found to have a small similar to 6% change in periodicity from top to bottom. Interface compositional mixing or roughness over similar to 6 angstrom was also found, as well as a significant change in the soft x-ray optical coefficients of LSMO near the interface. The soft x-ray photoemission data exhibit a shift in the position of the Mn 3p peak near the interface, which is not observed for Mn 3s. Combined with core-hole multiplet theory incorporating Jahn-Teller distortion, these results indicate a change in the Mn bonding state near the LSMO/STO interface. Our results thus further clarify the reduced (MTJ) performance of LSMO/STO compared to ideal theoretical expectations.

Published
2010

36. Понижение степени межфазного перемешивания в многослойных рентгеновских зеркалах S^Si

Author

Першин, Ю. П., Девизенко, А. Ю., Кондратенко, В. В., Voronov, D. L., and Gullikson, E. M.

Abstract

Copyright of Journal of Nano- & Electronic Physics is the property of Sumy State University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2017
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37. Aqueous solution/metal interfaces investigated in operando by photoelectron spectroscopy

Author

Karslıoğlu, O., primary, Nemšák, S., additional, Zegkinoglou, I., additional, Shavorskiy, A., additional, Hartl, M., additional, Salmassi, F., additional, Gullikson, E. M., additional, Ng, M. L., additional, Rameshan, Ch., additional, Rude, B., additional, Bianculli, D., additional, Cordones, A. A., additional, Axnanda, S., additional, Crumlin, E. J., additional, Ross, P. N., additional, Schneider, C. M., additional, Hussain, Z., additional, Liu, Z., additional, Fadley, C. S., additional, and Bluhm, H., additional

Published
2015
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42. Comparison of different simulation codes for EUV lithography

Author

Schiavone, P., Farys, V., Gullikson, E. M., Granet, G., Clot, Marielle, Laboratoire des technologies de la microélectronique (LTM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Published
2002

43. Interface properties of magnetic tunnel junction La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrTiO3 superlattices studied by standing-wave excited photoemission spectroscopy

Author

Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Gray, A. X., Papp, C., Balke, B., Yang, S. -H., Huijben, M., Rotenberg, E., Bostwick, A., Ueda, S., Yamashita, Y., Kobayashi, K., Gullikson, E. M., Kortright, J. B., de Groot, F. M. F., Rijnders, G., Blank, D. H. A., Ramesh, R., Fadley, C. S., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Gray, A. X., Papp, C., Balke, B., Yang, S. -H., Huijben, M., Rotenberg, E., Bostwick, A., Ueda, S., Yamashita, Y., Kobayashi, K., Gullikson, E. M., Kortright, J. B., de Groot, F. M. F., Rijnders, G., Blank, D. H. A., Ramesh, R., and Fadley, C. S.

Published
2010

44. Atomic scale interface engineering by modulated ion-assisted deposition applied to soft x-ray multilayer optics

Author

Eriksson, Fredrik, Ghafoor, Naureen, Schäfers, F., Gullikson, E. M., Aouadi, S., Rohde, S., Hultman, Lars, Birch, Jens, Eriksson, Fredrik, Ghafoor, Naureen, Schäfers, F., Gullikson, E. M., Aouadi, S., Rohde, S., Hultman, Lars, and Birch, Jens

Abstract

Cr/Sc and Ni/V multilayers, intended as normal incidence soft x-ray mirrors and Brewster angle polarizers, have been synthesized by employing a novel modulated low-energy and high-flux ion assistance as a means of engineering the interfaces between the subnanometer layers on an atomic scale during magnetron sputter deposition. To reduce both roughness and intermixing, the ion energy was modulated within each layer. The flat and abrupt interfaces yielded soft x-ray mirrors with near-normal incidence reflectances of R = 20.7% at the Sc 2p absorption edge and R = 2.7% at the V 2p absorption edge. Multilayers optimized for the Brewster angle showed a reflectance of R = 26.7% and an extinction ratio of Rs/Rp=5450 for Cr/Sc and R = 10% and Rs/Rp=4190 for Ni/V. Transmission electron microscopy investigations showed an amorphous Cr/Sc structure with an accumulating high spatial frequency roughness. For Ni/V the initial growth mode is amorphous and then turns crystalline after ~1/3 of the total thickness, with an accumulating low spatial frequency roughness as a consequence. Elastic recoil detection analyses showed that N was the major impurity in both Cr/Sc and Ni/V with concentrations of 15 at. % and 9 at. %, respectively, but also O (3 at. % and 1.3 at. %) and C (0.5 at. % and 1.9 at. %) were present. Simulations of the possible normal incidence reflective properties in the soft x-ray range of 100-600 eV are given, predicting that reflectivities of more than 31% for Cr/Sc and 5.8% for Ni/V can be achieved if better control of the impurities and the deposition process is employed. The simulations also show that Cr/Sc is a good candidate for mirrors for the photon energies between the absorption edges of B (E = 188 eV) and Sc (E = 398.8 eV).

Published
2008
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48. Broadband multilayer mirror and diffractive optics for attosecond pulse shaping in the 280-500 eV photon energy range

Author

Guggenmos, A., primary, Hofstetter, M., additional, Rauhut, R., additional, Späth, C., additional, Hertrich, S., additional, Nickel, B., additional, Yang, S., additional, Gullikson, E. M., additional, Schmidt, J., additional, Seibald, M., additional, Schnick, W., additional, Krausz, F., additional, and Kleineberg, U., additional

Published
2013
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49. Laboratory Measurements of Fe XXIV L-Shell Line Emission

Author

Savin, D. W., Beiersdorfer, P., José R. Crespo López-Urrutia, Decaux, V., Gullikson, E. M., Kahn, S. M., Liedahl, D. A., Reed, K. J., and Widmann, K.

Subjects
Plasma (Ionized gases), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics, Astrophysics, Microphysics
Abstract

Recent ASCA spectra exhibit discrepancies with the relative line intensities of various Fe XXIII and XXIV L-shell emission lines predicted by standard plasma emission codes. To address this issue, we have carried out a series of high-resolution, broadband measurements of Fe XXIV line emission using an electron beam ion trap facility. X-ray lines produced in the trap are detected and resolved using Bragg crystal spectrometers. We report measurements of 3 ��� 2 and 4 ��� 2 transitions, which result primarily from electron impact excitation. Overall, good agreement is found with distorted wave calculations.

Published
1996
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