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21 results on '"Gumedze, Sabelo"'

4. Report on citizenship law : Eswatini

Author

GUMEDZE, Sabelo

Subjects
Citizenship, Country Report
Abstract

This report discusses citizenship in Eswatini. It explores the history of citizenship in this country, modes of acquisition and loss, and current debates and reform plans regarding citizenship policy. Research for the 2020/2021 GLOBALCIT Reports has been supported by the European University Institute's Global Governance Programme and the British Academy Research Project CITMODES (co-directed by the EUI and the University of Edinburgh).

Published
2021

5. The African Union and the responsibility to protect

Author

Gumedze, Sabelo

Abstract

This article discusses how the African Union, as a major contributor to peace and security, has embraced and further entrenched the concept of the responsibility to protect. It traces the concept from the time when the former Secretary-General of the United Nations, Kofi Annan, challenged the international community to agree on the basic principles and processes of when intervention should occur in order to protect humanity against gross violations of human rights. It further discusses how the government of Canada responded to this challenge through the establishment of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, which undertook extensive work in an attempt to unpack the meaning of the concept. The article makes reference to the 2005 World Summit where the Heads of State and Government of the United Nations unanimously affirmed the concept of the responsibility to protect, as well as to the 2005 Common African Position on the Proposed Reform of the United Nations (Ezulwini Consensus) wherein the Executive Council of the African Union affirmed this concept. The article further makes linkages between the concept of the responsibility to protect and the notions of human rights, human security and international security. Focusing on the African Union, the article discusses how the concept has over the years evolved in the African context. Devoting particular attention to article 4(h) of the Constitutive Act of the African Union, the article gives an understanding on how this article gives effect to the responsibility to protect. It elaborates on the notions of collective intervention and universal jurisdiction, among other things. The article also considers the processes to be undertaken by the African Union, as a means of giving effect to the responsibility to protect, following requests for intervention by its member states and occurrences of undesirable unconstitutional changes of government.

Published
2010

14. The Markets for Force: South Africa.

Author

Gumedze, Sabelo

Subjects
*MARKETS, *PRIVATE military companies, *PRIVATE security services, *DISARMAMENT
Abstract

For the past two decades, a considerable number of South Africans have been very active in the markets for force, both locally and globally. South Africa has supplied, and continues to supply, this lucrative market of Private Military/Security Companies (PMSCs) with expert personnel offering military/security and related services. Among other things, this resulted from South Africa's past history, where a considerable number of ex-military/security personnel found themselves without any source of employment immediately after the process of disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR). The only skills they possessed could only be sold in the local and global markets for force. A sizeable number of ex-military/security personnel established private security companies within South Africa. Others actively participated in mercenary activities, a fact which has been notoriously linked to the now defunct Executive Outcomes. South Africans continue to participate in various armed conflicts in Africa and beyond, providing diverse military/security and related services. Resulting from the South Africans involvement in the markets for force, South Africa responded by addressing both the internal and external dimensions of the privatisation of security through legislation. This paper shall consider how the markets for force have impacted on South Africa's monopoly on the use of force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011

15. Towards the revision of the 1977 OAU/AU Convention on the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa.

Author

Gumedze, Sabelo

Subjects
MERCENARY troops, TREATIES, PRIVATE military companies, NATIONAL security
Abstract

The revision of the 1977 Organisation of African Unity's Convention on the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa (Mercenary Convention) is now long overdue. The existence of the Mercenary Convention has over the years failed to eliminate mercenarism in Africa, among others as a result of the manner in which it defines a 'mercenary'. The problem is exacerbated by the rapid growth of the private security sector in the form of the private military/security company (PMSC), which to a large extent arguably represents a new form of 'mercenary' outfit that is technically not covered by the Mercenary Convention. Because the Mercenary Convention was adopted during a different epoch in African history there is now a need to take stock of its successes and failures and determine how it can best be revised to address the new security challenges in Africa. In this contribution the need for the revision of the Mercenary Convention is discussed. Given the difficulties and challenges presented by the Mercenary Convention, the contribution advocates the drafting of two conventions, one focusing on the regulation of PMSCs and the other focusing on the elimination of mercenarism in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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16. Towards the revision of the 1977 OAU/AU Convention on the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa.

Author

Gumedze, Sabelo

Subjects
PEACEKEEPING forces, ARMED Forces, PEACEBUILDING, SPECIAL operations (Military science), INTERVENTION (International law), INTERNATIONAL cooperation, INTERNATIONAL agencies, INTERNATIONAL law, POLITICAL crimes & offenses
Abstract

The revision of the 1977 Organisation of African Unity's Convention on the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa (Mercenary Convention) is now long overdue. The existence of the Mercenary Convention has over the years failed to eliminate mercenarism in Africa, among others as a result of the manner in which it defines a 'mercenary'. The problem is exacerbated by the rapid growth of the private security sector in the form of the private military/security company (PMSC), which to a large extent arguably represents a new form of 'mercenary' outfit that is technically not covered by the Mercenary Convention. Because the Mercenary Convention was adopted during a different epoch in African history there is now a need to take stock of its successes and failures and determine how it can best be revised to address the new security challenges in Africa. In this contribution the need for the revision of the Mercenary Convention is discussed. Given the difficulties and challenges presented by the Mercenary Convention, the contribution advocates the drafting of two conventions, one focusing on the regulation of PMSCs and the other focusing on the elimination of mercenarism in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006

17. Private military/security companies and human security in Africa.

Author

Baker, Deane-Peter and Gumedze, Sabelo

Subjects
PRIVATE military companies
Abstract

The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one about private military or security companies and another about the issue on human security in Africa.

Published
2006

20. Private actors and security governance.

Author

Bryden, Alan, Caparini, Marina, and Gumedze, Sabelo

Subjects
INTERNATIONAL security, NONFICTION
Abstract

The article reviews the book "Private Actors and Security Governance," edited by Alan Bryden and Marina Caparini.

Published
2007

21. Private security in Kenya.

Author

Gumedze, Sabelo

Subjects
PRIVATE security services, NONFICTION
Abstract

The article reviews the book "Private Security in Kenya," by Francis Waigaru, Jan Kamenju and Mwachofi Singo.

Published
2006

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