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Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease worldwide. With resatovir usually used as an inhibitor, resatovir and glycyrrhizic acid have several pharmacological activities. Objectives: We intend to explore the mechanism underlying resatovir combined with glycyrrhizic acid in OA. Materials and Methods: After the establishment of an animal model of OA through anterior cruciate ligament transection and destabilization of the medial meniscus, the rats were subjected to intramuscular injection of resatovir combined with glycyrrhizic acid (60 mg/kg) or 5% glucose (60 mg/kg) every day for 4 weeks. During the progress, the rat movement and the bend score of knees were observed through behavioral studies. Additionally, the SKP2 gene expression and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-related signaling pathways were examined, as apoptosis and autophagy were evaluated by flow cytometry. Results: With increased inflammatory cells in the model group, treatment with resatovir combined with glycyrrhizic acid significantly decreased the number of inflammatory cells. Meanwhile, the treatment resulted in decreased SKP2 expression in OA cells when hindering the migration of preosteoclast cells. Interestingly, it was observed that the bend score increased over the treatment with resatovir plus glycyrrhizic acid and TIPPI% declined dramatically. Resatovir treatment enhanced autophagy and apoptosis in OA cells and decreased pP65, P65, and LC3 expression. Conclusion: Resatovir combined with glycyrrhizic acid can inhibit the inflammatory response through decreasing SKP2 expression and induce autophagy activation in OA cells through TLR4/NF-κB signaling, thereby attenuating OA progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the effect of miR-21-5p targeted regulation of Skp2 on apoptosis and autophagy in OA chondrocytes from the perspective of human chondrocytes. Methods: TargetScan online website predicted the binding site of miR-21-5p and Skp2, the direct interaction between miR-21-5p and Skp2 was verified by dual luciferase assay, primary human chondrocytes were selected for isolation and culture, cell proliferation ability was detected by CCK-8 assay, the effect of miR-21-5p on Skp2 in human chondrocytes, Skp2, Bax, Bcl-2, LC3I, LC3II, Beclin1, and CARM1 mRNA expression in human chondrocytes was detected by qPCR, and Western blot was used to detect the protein expression level of Skp2, CARM1, Bax, Bcl-2, LC3II/, Beclin1, and the construction of Skp2 overexpression vector at a later stage to further detect the expression of related proteins. Results: TargetScan online website predicted that there was a potential miR-21-5p binding sequence in the 3'UTR of Skp2 mRNA; dual-luciferase method verified that there was an interactions between miR-21-5p and Skp2; qPCR detected successful Skp2 overexpression validation, confirming that Skp2 was under-expressed in chondrocytes; Western blot assay showed that miR-21-5p could promote apoptosis and reduce autophagy in human chondrocytes by regulating the levels of Skp2, CARM1, Bax, Bcl-2, LC3II/I, and Beclin1. Conclusion: miR-21-5p negatively regulates Skp2, promotes apoptosis, and inhibits autophagy in OA chondrocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on the associations of blood pressure (BP) and the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) had been performed neither among pregnant women nor in Chinese population. This study included participants of pregnant women from a retrospective multicenter cohort, between May 2020 and April 2023. Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) of the participants were measured in the third trimester. The incidences of VTE (including deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism) at 42 days postpartum were followed. With regards to SBP, pregnant women in the Q1 (≤114 mmHg), Q2 (115–122 mmHg), and Q4 group (≥131 mmHg) had increased risk of VTE than those in Q3 group (123–130 mmHg), with ORs 4.48 [1.69, 11.85], 3.52 [1.30, 9.59], and 3.17 [1.12, 8.99], respectively. Compared with pregnant women with the Q4 of DBP (≥85 mmHg), women of Q1 (≤71 mmHg) were found to have elevated risk of VTE (OR 2.73 [1.25, 5.96]). A one standard deviation decrease of DBP (9 mmHg) was related with 37% elevated risk of VTE (OR 1.37 [1.05, 1.79]). This study demonstrated a U‐shaped association of SBP in the third trimester and VTE postpartum and inverse association of DBP in the third trimester and VTE postpartum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The evidence on the relationship between diet diversity in early life and allergic outcomes was few and inconsistent. We sought to determine the association of food diversity in the first year of life with allergic outcomes in the second year. Methods: Two thousand two hundred fifty‐one mother‐infant pairs from Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort (TMCHC) were involved in the study. Information on complementary foods introduction was obtained by telephone interview at 6‐ and 12‐month postpartum follow‐up. Any doctor‐diagnosed allergic diseases in the second year were recorded at 2‐year postpartum follow‐up. Food allergies in infancy were assessed and self‐reported by mothers at each postpartum follow‐up. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the effect of food diversity at 6 and 12 months of age on later allergic diseases and food allergy. Results: A total of 135 (6.0%) infants reported allergic diseases at between 1 and 2 years of age. Independent of food allergy history of infants and other potential confounders, less food diversity at 6 months of age was associated with increased risk of later allergic diseases (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.04–4.50 for 0 vs. 3–6 food groups). By 12 months of age, significant inverse associations with later allergic diseases (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.03–5.32 for 1–5 vs. 8–11 food groups, and OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.16–3.37 for 6–7 vs. 8–11 food groups) and food allergy (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.29–3.42 for 1–5 vs. 8–11 food groups) were observed. Children with higher food diversity in both periods had the lowest risk of allergic diseases during the second year of life. Conclusions: A more diverse diet within the first year of life was associated with reduced risk of allergic diseases at 1–2 years of age. Introducing higher diversity of foods from 6 to 12 months of age might be an effective strategy to improve the allergy outcomes of infants in later life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Convolutional neural network (CNN) inference usually runs on high‐performance graphic processing units (GPUs). Since GPU is a high power consumption unit, that makes the energy consumption increases sharply due to the deep learning tasks. The energy efficiency of CNN inference is not only related to the software and hardware configurations, but also closely related to the application requirements of inference tasks. However, it is not clear on GPUs at present. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive study on the model‐level and layer‐level energy efficiency of popular CNN models. The results point out several opportunities for further optimization. We also analyze the parameter settings (i.e., batch size, dynamic voltage and frequency scaling) and propose a revenue model to allow an optimal trade‐off between energy efficiency and latency. Compared with the default settings, the optimal settings can improve revenue by up to 15.31×. We obtain the following main findings: (i) GPUs do not exploit the parallelism from the model depth and small convolution kernels, resulting in low energy efficiency. (ii) Convolutional layers are the most energy‐consuming CNN layers. However, due to the cache, the power consumption of all layers is relatively balanced. (iii) The energy efficiency of TensorRT is 1.53× than that of TensorFlow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]