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Passenger transportation significantly contributes to urban carbon dioxide emission. Decreasing these emissions is essential to achieving low-carbon development. This research focused on Xi’an City to enhance previous research works by considering factors such as road greening, online ride-hailing, and use of vehicles with new energy sources. Using system dynamics method, a carbon dioxide emission prediction model was developed for urban passenger transportation in Xi’an. The developed model estimated total emissions from 2012 to 2021 and projected carbon dioxide emission reduction plans through six different scenarios for the time period of 2023 to 2032. The analysis identified private cars as the main contributors to carbon emission in urban passenger transportation. Single scenario simulations indicated that passenger traffic in Xi’an would not achieve carbon emission peak by 2030, but multi-scenario simulations showed it would. Specific recommendations for carbon emission reduction in urban passenger transportation were provided, focusing on travel patterns, energy sources, and promotion of green initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses precipitation oxygen isotopes (δ18Op) to examine key dynamics that deliver moisture to the southern slope of central Himalayas over different seasons. Results show that the majority of pre‐monsoon δ18Op values are relatively high and controlled by the westerlies and local moisture. However, some abnormally low δ18Op values coincide with higher precipitation amounts during the pre‐monsoon season due to moisture driven northwards from the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea to central Himalayas by anomalous circulations (quasi‐anticyclone, anticyclone, or/and westerlies trough). The size and location of the quasi‐anticyclone also influences the magnitude of the δ18Op decrease. In comparison, the monsoon δ18Op values are lower due to the combined effects of the Indian summer monsoon and convection. Our findings indicate that researchers need to consider the signals of abnormally low δ18Op values during the pre‐monsoon season when attempting to interpret ice core and tree‐ring records from central Himalayas. Plain Language Summary: How moisture is transported to the southern slope of central Himalayas remains unclear, especially for the frequent heavy precipitation events that occur during the pre‐monsoon season. Here, we address this issue using δ18Op measurements from the Asang station on the southern slope of central Himalayas during 2018–2019. We find that some abnormally low δ18Op values coincide with heavy precipitation during the pre‐monsoon season. These abnormally low δ18Op values are caused by the development of anomalous circulations that drives the Indian Ocean moisture to the Asang station. During the monsoon season, the δ18Op values are much lower than other seasons. Such low values are the product of the combined effects of the Indian summer monsoon and convection. We propose that the abnormally low δ18Op values during the pre‐monsoon season need to be considered in paleoclimate reconstructions using ice core and tree‐ring records in the region. The abnormally low δ18Op values during the pre‐monsoon season are closely correlated to anomalous circulations. This finding implies that δ18Op records from ice core and tree ring archives may have potential to reconstruct the frequency and intensity of such anomalous circulations during the pre‐monsoon season. Key Points: Abnormally low δ18Op values during the pre‐monsoon season coincide with heavy precipitation eventsOccurrences of anomalous circulations lead to the abnormally low δ18Op values during the pre‐monsoon seasonCombined effects of the Indian summer monsoon and convection cause lower δ18Op values during the monsoon season [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid growth in computational power, sensor technology, and wearable devices has provided a solid foundation for all aspects of cardiac arrhythmia care. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been instrumental in bringing about significant changes in the prevention, risk assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of arrhythmia. This review examines the current state of AI in the diagnosis and treatment of atrial fibrillation, supraventricular arrhythmia, ventricular arrhythmia, hereditary channelopathies, and cardiac pacing. Furthermore, ChatGPT, which has gained attention recently, is addressed in this paper along with its potential applications in the field of arrhythmia. Additionally, the accuracy of arrhythmia diagnosis can be improved by identifying electrode misplacement or erroneous swapping of electrode position using AI. Remote monitoring has expanded greatly due to the emergence of contactless monitoring technology as wearable devices continue to develop and flourish. Parallel advances in AI computing power, ChatGPT, availability of large data sets, and more have greatly expanded applications in arrhythmia diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment. More precise algorithms based on big data, personalized risk assessment, telemedicine and mobile health, smart hardware and wearables, and the exploration of rare or complex types of arrhythmia are the future direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) between serum/LIF and 2i(MEK and GSK3 kinase inhibitor)/LIF culture conditions serves as a valuable model for exploring the mechanisms underlying ground and confused pluripotent states. Regulatory networks comprising core and ancillary pluripotency factors drive the gene expression programs defining stable naïve pluripotency. In our study, we systematically screened factors essential for ESC pluripotency, identifying TEAD2 as an ancillary factor maintaining ground-state pluripotency in 2i/LIF ESCs and facilitating the transition from serum/LIF to 2i/LIF ESCs. TEAD2 exhibits increased binding to chromatin in 2i/LIF ESCs, targeting active chromatin regions to regulate the expression of 2i-specific genes. In addition, TEAD2 facilitates the expression of 2i-specific genes by mediating enhancer-promoter interactions during the serum/LIF to 2i/LIF transition. Notably, deletion of Tead2 results in reduction of a specific set of enhancer-promoter interactions without significantly affecting binding of chromatin architecture proteins, CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), and Yin Yang 1 (YY1). In summary, our findings highlight a novel prominent role of TEAD2 in orchestrating higher-order chromatin structures of 2i-specific genes to sustain ground-state pluripotency. Synopsis: The transition of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) between ground and confused state culture conditions unveils transcriptional networks governing pluripotency. In this study, we identified TEAD2 as a key ESC regulator initiating pluripotency through mediating 2i (MEK and GSK3 kinase inhibitor) state-specific chromatin looping and genome architecture. TEAD2 supports the ground-state of pluripotency and facilitates the conversion from serum/LIF to 2i/LIF ESCs. Genome-wide TEAD2 occupancy is increased in 2i/LIF ESCs, targeting active chromatin regions at 2i-specific genes. TEAD2 promotes 2i-specific gene expression by mediating enhancer-promoter interactions. Mutation of TEAD2 binding sites at B4galt6 promoter disrupts enhancer-promoter interactions at this 2i-specific gene locus. The transcription factor TEAD2 aids naïve pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells by orchestrating state-specific genome architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the building industry, intelligent buildings benefit from its safety, energy saving, environmental protection and integration and other advantages have been widely loved by people, most operators also realize the importance of intelligent buildings to bring people humanized and customized services, and in order to realize the personalized service of the building, multi-modal data fusion is an effective method. On the other hand, in today’s Internet of Things society, many practical applications need to deploy a large number of sensing equipment for data collection and processing, so as to carry out high-quality monitoring of the physical world, but due to the inherent limitations of these hardware equipment and the influence of factors such as the environment, single mode data often cannot be completely and comprehensively monitored to the physical world’s changing characteristics. In this development context, multi-modal data fusion has become a research hotspot in the field of machine learning. Based on this, this paper proposes a one-stage fast object detection model with multi-level fusion of multi-modal features and end-to-end characteristics for building indoor environment perception, and conducts experimental analysis on the performance of the model. The verification results show that the accuracy of the proposed method is 50.7% and the running speed is 0.107 s, which has better performance than the existing detection methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bonding performance of carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP)–concrete interface is an important research area, with adhesives serving as mediators for the transfer of interface stresses. However, there is significant variation in the mechanical properties of adhesives available in the market, and currently there is limited research on the patterns of how adhesive mechanical properties affect interfaces. First, dynamic thermomechanical analysis was used to investigate the glass transition temperature of the adhesive, Tg. Following this, tensile tests were conducted to assess the mechanical properties of the adhesive at various temperatures. Finally, the effects of the adhesive on the interface bonding properties of CFRP-concrete were studied by single shear tests at different ambient temperatures. The test results indicated that when the ambient temperature is lower than the glass transition temperature (Tg), as the temperature increases, although the mechanical properties of the adhesive decreased, the effective bonded length of interface increased significantly, leading to a gradual increase in interface load-bearing capacity. Furthermore, the interface constitutive model was modified by finite-element model inversion. The modified parameters K and τmax exhibited a linear increase relationship with the elastic modulus of the adhesive, and the modified parameter Gf showed a negative exponential power function relationship with the elastic modulus of the adhesive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of a fractional Duffing system are studied under the 3rd super-harmonic resonance and 1/3rd sub-harmonic resonance. Firstly, the approximate analytical solution of the system is obtained by means of average method, and the concepts of equivalent linear damping and equivalent linear stiffness in super-harmonic resonance and sub-harmonic resonance are given, respectively. Based on equivalent linear damping and equivalent linear stiffness, the effects of the coefficients and orders of fractional differential terms on the dynamic characteristics of the system are discussed. Secondly, the analytical expressions of the amplitude–frequency curves of steady-state solution expression in super-harmonic resonance and sub-harmonic resonance are established, respectively, and the stability criterion of the periodic response of super-harmonic resonance and sub-harmonic resonance is obtained. On this basis, the concepts of equivalent linear damping and nonlinear stability condition parameters are given. Finally, the amplitude–frequency curves of fractional and integer systems are compared by numerical simulation, and the influence of the coefficient and order of fractional differential term on the response amplitude, amplitude–frequency curves and system stability are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dry eye disease (DED) is a common and frequent ocular surface disease worldwide, which can cause severe ocular surface discomfort and blurred vision. Inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play decisive roles in the development of DED. However, existing treatments usually focus on anti-inflammation while ignore the role of ROS in DED. Ever worse, the clinical preparations are easily cleared by nasolacrimal ducts, resulting in poor therapeutic effect. To circumvent these obstacles, here we designed a phenylboronic acid (PBA) modified liposome co-loading immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA) and antioxidant crocin (Cro). The CsA/Cro PBA Lip achieved mucoadhesion through the formation of covalent bonds between PBA and the sialic acid residues on mucin, and consequently improved the retention of drugs on the ocular surface. By inhibiting ROS production and blocking NF-κB inflammatory pathway, CsA/Cro PBA Lip successfully promoted the healing of damaged corneal epithelium, eventually achieving the goal of relieving DED. CsA/Cro PBA Lip is proven a simple yet effective dual-drug delivery system, exhibiting superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo. This approach holds great potential in the clinical treatment of DED and other related mucosal inflammations. [Display omitted] • PBA modification prolongs the retention time of liposome on the ocular surface. • Synergistic anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant strategy for better efficacy. • The mucoadhesive dual-drug delivery system significantly alleviates DED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the existence and uniqueness of global attractors for a class of degenerate parabolic equations with memory on R n . Since the corresponding equation includes the degenerate term div { a (x) ∇ u } , it requires us to give appropriate assumptions about the weight function a (x) for studying our problem. Based on this, we first obtain the existence of a bounded absorbing set, then verify the asymptotic compactness of a solution semigroup via the asymptotic contractive semigroup method. Finally, the existence and uniqueness of global attractors are proved. In particular, the nonlinearity f satisfies the polynomial growth of arbitrary order p − 1 (p ≥ 2 ) and the idea of uniform tail-estimates of solutions is employed to show the strong convergence of solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The negative impact of used batteries of new energy vehicles on the environment has attracted global attention, and how to effectively deal with used batteries of new energy vehicles has become a hot issue. This paper combines the rank-dependent expected utility with the evolutionary game theory, constructs an evolutionary game model based on the interaction mechanism between decision makers' emotions and decision making, and studies the recycling strategy of new energy automobile trams under the heterogeneous combination of emotions. The study shows that: (1) In addition to the establishment of effective external norms, the subjective preference of decision makers can also positively affect the recycling strategy of new energy vehicle batteries. (2) Fairness preferences can have a significant nonlinear effect on new energy vehicle battery recycling strategies by changing the utility function of decision makers. (3) When new energy vehicle manufacturers remain optimistic and new energy vehicle demanders remain rational or pessimistic, the new energy vehicle battery recycling strategy can reach the optimal steady state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jonathan Locke Hart is not only a wellestablished scholar in the area of comparative literature, but also a poet who has been writing passionately since his teens. In 2021, an anthology of Jonathan Locke Hart in six volumes was published by Shanghai Jiao Tong UP, and the fourth book is a selection of 100 poems and their Chinese translations. Starting from Eugene Nida's correspondence theory about translation, this article chooses two poems and their Chinese translations from the selection to explore the cultural negotiation and compromise in the process of their translation. As Jacques Derrida writes, translation, like the tower of Babel, is a task that can never be finished. The translation of poetry is particularly difficult because of the singularity of poems, and it is hard to conclude what is right and which is better. The analysis in this article is a personal view and needs further verification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Microglial activation in the spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN) plays a crucial role in the development of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). The involvement of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1, NR1) in TN has been established. Initial evidence suggests that stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have a potential therapeutic effect in attenuating TN. In this study, we propose that SHED-derived exosomes (SHED-Exos) may alleviate TN by inhibiting microglial activation. This study sought to assess the curative effect of SHED-Exos administrated through the tail vein on a unilateral infraorbital nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI-ION) model in mice to reveal the role of SHED-Exos in TN and further clarify the potential mechanism. Results: Animals subjected to CCI-ION were administered SHED-Exos extracted by differential ultracentrifugation. SHED-Exos significantly alleviated TN in CCI mice (increasing the mechanical threshold and reducing p-NR1) and suppressed microglial activation (indicated by the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IBA-1, as well as p-AMPK) in vivo and in vitro. Notably, SHED-Exos worked in a concentration dependent manner. Mechanistically, miR-24-3p-upregulated SHED-Exos exerted a more significant effect, while miR-24-3p-inhibited SHED-Exos had a weakened effect. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays were utilized for target gene prediction and verification between miR-24-3p and IL1R1. Moreover, miR-24-3p targeted the IL1R1/p-p38 MAPK pathway in microglia was increased in CCI mice, and participated in microglial activation in the STN. Conclusions: miR-24-3p-encapsulated SHED-Exos attenuated TN by suppressing microglial activation in the STN of CCI mice. Mechanistically, miR-24-3p blocked p-p38 MAPK signaling by targeting IL1R1. Theoretically, targeted delivery of miR-24-3p may offer a potential strategy for TN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous neuroimaging studies have investigated brain morphology associated with internet addiction tendency (IAT) in healthy subjects. However, whether resting vagally‐mediated heart rate variability (HRV) exerting influences on the association of IAT and brain morphology remains unclear. This study used voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) and multiple regression analyses to assess the interaction effect of IAT and resting vagally‐mediated HRV on regional grey matter volumes in 82 healthy subjects. To further illustrate the observed interaction effect, the moderated hierarchical regression analysis was performed. The results showed that resting vagally‐mediated HRV moderated the relationship between IAT scores and grey matter volume (GMV) in the precuneus and cerebellum. Specifically, individuals with higher resting vagally‐mediated HRV showed a significant positive relationship between IAT scores and GMV in the precuneus, whereas individuals with lower resting vagally‐mediated HRV showed a significant negative relationship between IAT scores and GMV in the precuneus. In addition, IAT scores were negatively correlated with GMV in the cerebellum among individuals with lower resting vagally‐mediated HRV, but not among individuals with higher resting vagally‐mediated HRV. These findings have demonstrated a moderating role of resting vagally‐mediated HRV on the association of IAT and brain morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pathological scars are the results of abnormal wound healing, which not only affect the appearance, but may also be accompanied by significant psychosocial burdens. In this study, we aimed to conduct a bibliometric and visualized analysis on pathological scars and provide directions for future research. The articles on scar research from 2011 to 2021 in the Web of Science Core Collection database were collected. The bibliometrics records were retrieved and analyzed with Excel, CiteSpace V and VOSviewer. A total of 944 scar research records published between 2011 and 2021 were collected. Publication output has shown an upward trend as a whole. China ranked first in terms of country contributions (418 publications, 5176 citations), while Germany, with only 22 studies published, had the highest average citation rate (57.18). Shanghai Jiaotong University was the institution with the largest number of related articles published, followed by the fourth military medical university, the University of Alberta and the Second military medical university. Wound repair and regeneration, Burns, Journal of Burn Care & Research, Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published the most research in this field. Dahai Hu was the most prolific author, while Rei Ogawa was the most cited. The cluster analysis of the reference contributions and keywords indicated that current research hotspots mainly include pathogenesis, treatment strategies, and the safety evaluation of new scar treatment options. This study provides a comprehensive summary and analysis of the current status and research trends of pathological scars. International research interest in pathological scars is on the rise, and high-quality studies related to the field have also increased in the last decade. The pathogenesis of pathological scars, treatment strategies, such as fractional ablative CO 2 laser and molecular targeted therapy, and the safety evaluation of new treatment options will be the focus of future research. • Pathological scars are the results of abnormal wound healing. • Bibliometric analysis can predict the research trend of a certain field. • International research interest in pathological scars is on the rise. • The pathogenesis and treatment strategies will be the focus of future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been widely accepted that major depressive disorder (MDD) impacts brain structures including the Corpus Callosum (CC). However, this assumption is based on scarce literature data involving small sample sizes. Furthermore, it is still unclear whether such CC volume changes may already be present at a first depressive episode. To further investigate this question, we compared 369 first-episode MDD patients (mean age = 35 years (sd = 12), 249 females; 283 early onset, 86 mid-to-late onset) from the open-source REST meta-MDD database closely matched for age and gender to 490 never-depressed individuals (mean age = 37 years (sd = 14); 309 females) using Z -scores obtained from normative neuroanatomical modeling to assess individual variability in CC (sub)volumes. Relative to the norms established by the healthy controls, first-episode MDD patients displayed CC volume (z-score) reductions in the entire CC (including the body), as did mid-to-late-onset first-episode MDD patients (age ≥ 45 y). In early-onset first-episode MDD patients (age ≤ 44 y), depression severity symptoms were related to volume increases in the entire CC, as well as the body and splenium. No data on depressive episode duration. Relatively small sample size for mid-to-late first-episode MDD patients. Our data revealed CC (sub)volume differences in early versus mid-to-late onset first episode MDD. Especially at early onset, depression severity may result in neural white matter activity as potential reaction to stress influences. Our results underline the importance of prompt clinical interventions at early onset MDD. • First-episode MDD patients showed CC volume reductions, particularly in late-onset. • Early-onset MDD patients displayed CC volume increases related to depression severity. • Normative neuroanatomical modeling revealed individual variability in CC (sub)volumes. • The genu of the CC did not exhibit volume reduction as previously assumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The interaction mechanisms between Cd/Pb and kaolinite surfaces are explored. • The adsorption stability on the -H + Fe surface follows CdCl 2 < PbCl 2 < Cd0 < Pb0. • The electronic structure is analyzed from charge transfer and chemical bonding. • The active sites on the -H + Fe surface are the O atoms close to the Fe atom. Incineration of organic solid wastes is accompanied by the heavy metal emission through flue gas. As an inexpensive and efficient heavy metal adsorbent, the improvement of kaolinite adsorption performance for heavy metals has drawn widespread interests. In this work, the interaction mechanisms between various kaolinite surfaces and Cd/Pb species are explored through first principles calculations. The results show that the combination of Fe doping and dehydroxylation enhances the activity of kaolinite surfaces, analysis of adsorption configurations reveal that both Cd and Pb species are immobilized through chemisorption on the -H + Fe surface. At the microscopic level, further electronic structure analysis shows that the composite modified kaolinite surface has more electron transfer and more pronounced orbital hybridization and overlap compared to the original kaolinite surface, demonstrating that the modification means of dehydroxylation and Fe doping indeed enhanced the activity of the kaolinite surface, especially the activity of the O atoms in the vicinity of the Fe atom and that the O atoms are more efficiently bonded as ionic connecting Cd/Pb species for the purpose of trapping Cd/Pb species. This study points out the research direction and provides basic theoretical support for the development of new kaolinite adsorbents in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human cell surface receptor CD58, also known as lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3), plays a critical role in the early stages of immune response through interacting with CD2. Recent research identified CD58 as a surface marker of colorectal cancer (CRC), which can upregulate the Wnt pathway and promote self-renewal of colorectal tumor-initiating cells (CT-ICs) by degradation of Dickkopf 3. In addition, it was also shown that knockdown of CD58 significantly impaired tumor growth. In this study, we developed a structure-based virtual screening pipeline using Autodock Vina and binding analysis and identified a group of small molecular compounds having the potential to bind with CD58. Five of them significantly inhibited the growth of the SW620 cell line in the following in vitro studies. Their proposed binding models were further verified by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and some pharmaceutically relevant chemical and physical properties were predicted. The hits described in this work may be considered interesting leads or structures for the development of new and more efficient CD58 inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Recently, miR‐27b‐5p was shown to be abundantly expressed in extracellular vehicles (EVs) from the inflammatory microenvironment. This study determined the role of miR‐27b‐5p in regulating osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) and further examined the regulatory mechanism of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type‐1A (BMPR1A). Methodology: Characteristics of SHEDs and SHEDs‐EVs derived from SHEDs were evaluated respectively. The expression of miR‐27b‐5p in SHEDs and EVs was detected during osteo‐induction. Mechanically, SHEDs were treated with miR‐27b‐5p mimics or an inhibitor, and the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation and proliferation were assessed. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter were utilized for target gene prediction and verification. Finally, BMPR1A‐overexpressed plasmids were transfected into SHEDs to investigate the participation of the BMPR1A/SMAD4 pathway. Data were analysed using Student's t‐test, one‐way analysis of variance and Chi‐square test. Results: MiR‐27b‐5p was expressed in both SHEDs and EVs and was significantly increased at the initial stage of differentiation and then decreased in a time‐dependent manner (p <.01). Upregulation of miR‐27b‐5p significantly suppressed osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of SHEDs and inhibited proliferation (p <.05), whereas inhibition of miR‐27b‐5p enhanced the differentiation (p <.05). Dual‐luciferase reporter assay and pull‐down assay confirmed the binding site between miR‐27b‐5p and BMPR1A (p <.05). The overexpression of BMPR1A rescued the effect of miR‐27b‐5p, while contributed to the decrease of pluripotency (p <.05). Additionally, miR‐27b‐5p maintained pluripotency in BMPR1A‐overexpressed SHEDs (p <.05). Conclusions: MiR‐27b‐5p in SHEDs/EVs was inversely associated with differentiation and suppressed the osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of SHEDs and maintained the pluripotency of SHEDs partly by shuttering BMPR1A‐targeting BMP signalling. Theoretically, inhibition of miR‐27b‐5p represents a potential strategy to promote osteanagenesis and dentinogenesis. However, miR‐27b‐5p capsuled EVs might maintain cell pluripotency and self‐renewal for non‐cell‐targeted therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predicting clinical response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in medication-resistant depression (MRD) has gained great importance in recent years. Mainly, the right subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) functional connectivity has been put forward as biomarker in relation to rTMS clinical outcome. Even though the left and right sgACC may have different neurobiological functions, little is known about the possible lateralized predictive role of the sgACC in rTMS clinical outcome. In 43 right-handed antidepressant-free MRD patients, we applied a searchlight-based interregional covariance connectivity approach using the baseline 18FDG-PET scan—collected from two previous high-frequency (HF)-rTMS treatment studies delivering stimulation to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)—and investigated whether unilateral or bilateral sgACC glucose metabolism at baseline would result in different predictive metabolic connectivity patterns. Regardless of sgACC lateralization, the weaker the sgACC seed-based baseline metabolic functional connections with the (left anterior) cerebellar areas, the significantly better the clinical outcome. However, the seed diameter seems to be crucial. Similar significant findings on sgACC metabolic connectivity with the left anterior cerebellum, also unrelated to sgACC lateralization, in relation to clinical outcome were observed when using the HCPex atlas. Although we could not substantiate that specifically right sgACC metabolic connectivity would predict HF-rTMS clinical outcome, our findings suggest considering the entire sgACC in functional connectivity predictions. Given that the interregional covariance connectivity results were significant only when using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and not with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), our sgACC metabolic connectivity observations also suggest the possible involvement of the (left) anterior cerebellum involved in higher-order cognitive processing as part of this predictive value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gut microbiota plays a significant role in host survival, health, and diseases; however, compared to other livestock, research on the gut microbiome of donkeys is limited. Results: In this study, a total of 30 donkey samples of rectal contents from six regions, including Shigatse, Changdu, Yunnan, Xinjiang, Qinghai, and Dezhou, were collected for metagenomic sequencing. The results of the species annotation revealed that the dominant phyla were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and the dominant genera were Bacteroides, unclassified_o_Clostridiales (short for Clostridiales) and unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae (short for Lachnospiraceae). The dominant phyla, genera and key discriminators were Bacteroidetes, Clostridiales and Bacteroidetes in Tibet donkeys (Shigatse); Firmicutes, Clostridiales and Clostridiales in Tibet donkeys (Changdu); Firmicutes, Fibrobacter and Tenericutes in Qinghai donkeys; Firmicutes, Clostridiales and Negativicutes in Yunnan donkeys; Firmicutes, Fibrobacter and Fibrobacteres in Xinjiang donkeys; Firmicutes, Clostridiales and Firmicutes in Dezhou donkeys. In the functional annotation, it was mainly enriched in the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis of carbohydrate metabolism, and the abundance was the highest in Dezhou donkeys. These results combined with altitude correlation analysis demonstrated that donkeys in the Dezhou region exhibited strong glucose-conversion ability, those in the Shigatse region exhibited strong glucose metabolism and utilization ability, those in the Changdu region exhibited a strong microbial metabolic function, and those in the Xinjiang region exhibited the strongest ability to decompose cellulose and hemicellulose. Conclusion: According to published literature, this is the first study to construct a dataset with multi-regional donkey breeds. Our study revealed the differences in the composition and function of gut microbes in donkeys from different geographic regions and environmental settings and is valuable for donkey gut microbiome research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a coordinated control problem of power sources and actuators of a series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle on mode switching condition is addressed. There exist numerous nonlinear factors in the hybrid driveline system which induce system disturbance and will deteriorate the control performance on mode switching condition. However, coupled system nonlinearity is not taken into consideration for controller design on mode switching condition, which can lead to severe driveline oscillation and thus vehicle longitudinal jerk. For this reason, a disturbance observer and compensation method is introduced to resolve the control problem on mode switching condition. First, an analytic model of driveline torsional vibration considering disturbance brought by system nonlinearity is established and simplified for controller design. Based on the simplified model, a disturbance observer-sliding mode control strategy is proposed to suppress mode switching vibration. Numerical simulation is carried out to validate control performance of the DOB-SMC strategy. Simulation results demonstrate that DOB-SMC strategy has better ability to cancel the unwanted effects of disturbance brought by system nonlinearity compared with sliding mode control method, which can be regarded as an effective approach to attenuate vehicle longitudinal jerk and thus improve ride comfort on mode switching condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development of aesthetic surgery, a large number of excellent publications have been reported on aesthetic surgery. However, no relevant studies have reported the latest advancements and hot trends in aesthetic surgery in recent years. In this study, we extracted relevant publications from four authoritative aesthetic surgery journals (Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Aesthetic Surgery Journal, Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, and Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology) and used bibliometrics to comprehensively analyze current hot trends. We found a significant increase in the number of quality studies in aesthetic surgery, and the USA was the leading country in the field of aesthetic surgery, as evidenced by the fact that it ranks first worldwide for the total number of publications and citations. Currently, the prevention and treatment of complications related to aesthetic surgery remain research hotspots. Meanwhile, androgenetic alopecia, hyperplastic scarring, and stem cell research are hot directions for future research, and more research is required for exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stigma toward mental disorders (STMD) is a significant barrier to mental health service delivery. To improve the provision of mental health services for community‐dwelling residents in China, this study investigated STMD and its associated factors in community mental health workers (CMHWs) in Wuhan, China. Methods: In this cross‐sectional study, a total of 3869 CMHWs (22.9% men and 37.1 ± 8.4 years old) were randomly selected through multistage sampling and invited to participate in this survey. The perceived devaluation‐discrimination scale (PDD) and the National Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire (NMHLQ) were used to assess STMD and mental health knowledge, respectively. The presence of STMD was indicated by a mean item score of 3.0 or higher on the PDD. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with STMD. Results: Of the CMHWs, 41.9% had poor mental health knowledge (NMHLQ score < 80), and 18.5% exhibited STMD. In multiple regression analysis, factors significantly associated with STMD were social workers (vs. primary care physicians, OR = 1.44, p <.001), poor self‐rated capacity to handle common mental health problems (vs. good, OR = 1.57, p <.001), and poor mental health knowledge (vs. NMHLQ score ≥ 80, OR = 1.46, p <.001). Conclusion: STMD is common among Chinese CMHWs. To reduce STMD among CMHWs, training programs in mental health care skills and mental health education may be necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Accumulating studies have demonstrated that elevated TIGIT expression in tumor microenvironment correlates with better therapeutic response to TIGIT-based immunotherapy in pre-clinical studies. Therefore, a non-invasive method to detect tumor TIGIT expression is crucial to predict the therapeutic effect. Methods: In this study, a peptide-based PET imaging agent, 68Ga-DOTA-DTBP-3, was developed to non-invasively detect TIGIT expression by micro-PET in tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. DTBP-3, a D-peptide comprising of 12 amino acids, was radiolabeled with 68Ga through a DOTA chelator. In vitro studies were performed to evaluate the affinity of 68Ga-DOTA-DTBP-3 to TIGIT and its stability in fetal bovine serum. In vivo studies were assessed by micro-PET, biodistribution, and immunohistochemistry on tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. Results: The in vitro studies showed the equilibrium dissociation constant of 68Ga-DOTA-DTBP-3 for TIGIT was 84.21 nM and its radiochemistry purity was 89.24 ± 1.82% in FBS at 4 h in room temperature. The results of micro-PET, biodistribution and immunohistochemistry studies indicated that 68Ga-DOTA-DTBP-3 could be specifically targeted in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, with a highest uptake at 0.5 h. Conclusion: 68Ga-DOTA-DTBP-3 holds potential for non-invasively detect tumor TIGIT expression and for timely assessment of the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint blockade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose herein four types of anisotropic pentamode metamaterials (PMs) created by shifting the thin-end contention points along the space-diagonal, x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis directions. The phononic band structure and figure of merit (FOM) of the four types of anisotropic PMs are systematically investigated by using the finite-element method. Compared with isotropic PMs, the first phononic bandgaps appear in low-frequency regions, and the FOM increases by a factor of 6.9 when the thin-end connection area shifts along the z-axis direction. This study investigates how anisotropy affects PM properties and provides a reference to design acoustic cloaks, acoustic waveguides, and acoustic barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, metagenomics was used to analyze microbial succession and predict changes in raw milk during 6 days of storage at 4°C, aimed at determining how microorganisms drive the deterioration of refrigerated raw milk. The microbial community in raw milk changed significantly with an extension of refrigeration time (p <.01). The dominant bacterial genera gradually evolved from Acinetobacter, Streptococcus, and Anaplasma to Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Lactococcus. KEGG annotation results indicated that the main role of the bacterial community included amino acid biosynthesis, carbon metabolism, and functioning as an ABC transporter. Additionally, lipid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism pathways were significantly expressed at the beginning, middle, and end of refrigeration, respectively. Refrigeration time is an important factor affecting the composition of the microbial flora in raw milk. The results of this study illustrate the role of microorganisms in the deterioration of refrigerated raw milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the fluidization behavior and the heat and mass transfer process in a spouted bed, a multi-jet–axial-swirl-blade spouted bed (MJ-ASB SB) was developed. The water evaporation process of the MJ-ASB SB was simulated and compared with those of the conventional spouted bed (CSB) and an integral multi-jet spout-fluidized bed (IMJSFB). The simulation results showed that the MJ-ASB SB combined the staged spouting action of multi-jet with the swirling action of the axial swirl blade, which promoted particle turbulence in the annulus region and ensured effective particle mixing. The swirl number of the MJ-ASB SB ranged from 0.0816 to 2.7239 with enhanced vortex intensity, thus promoting momentum and heat transfer of gas and particles in the spouted bed. The MJ-ASB SB had a higher slip velocity than the other two bed types, which indicates that the combined internal structure could improve the fluidization state of the bed and intensify the movement and mixing of phases in the spouted bed. The three-phase temperature, water evaporation rate, and gas humidity of the MJ-ASB SB were higher than those of the CSB and IMJSFB, and water evaporation occurred in an enlarged region in the MJ-ASB SB. The mass transfer intensification factors I of the MJ-ASB SB (2.62) and IMJSFB (1.92) were 91% and 161% higher than that of the CSB (1), respectively, indicating that the combined internal structure of the MJ-ASB SB significantly contributed to the water evaporation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acne vulgaris (AV) is the most pervasive inflammatory disease of hair follicle and sebaceous gland in the dermatology department, and depressed scar (DS) is the most common and serious sequela of AV. Aims: To explore the clinical value of CO2 dot matrix laser combined with platelet‐rich plasma (PRP)‐treated AV. Methods: Total 81 patients with DS at the rear of AV from December 2018 to October 2019 were selected, randomly divided into observation group (OG, n = 39) and control group (CG, n = 42). Patients in the OG group were treated with CO2 dot matrix laser combined with PRP, and those in the CG group were treated with CO2 dot matrix laser. To observe clinical outcomes in both groups. Results: According to experimental analysis, compared with the CG group, CO2 dot matrix laser combined with PRP can more strongly improve the clinical efficacy on patients, shorten the scar scabbing time and decrustation time, more effectively contributed to their scar repair, comfort, skin condition, psychological state and satisfaction, and reduced their pain. The subsequent follow‐up results also showed that patients in the OG group experienced better quality of life. Moreover, according to the logistic regression analysis, the course of disease, scar degree, and staying up late were independent risk factors for the repair effect, and the repair method of CO2 dot matrix laser combined with PRP was an independent protection factor. Conclusion: To sum up, CO2 dot matrix laser combined with PRP can strongly enhance the scar repair effect, psychological state, and life quality of patients with DS after AV, so it is worth popularizing in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce the flow dead zone in spouted beds (SBs), a novel multi-jet–axial swirl blade spouted bed (MJ-ASB SB) is proposed. Experimental verification and simulation analyses of the MJ-ASB SB, a conventional SB (CSB), and an integral multi-jet spout-fluidized bed (IMJSFB) were carried out. The simulation results showed that the combined structure resulted in more powerful turbulence, better radial mixing of particles in the spouting and annulus regions, and improved the flow−field uniformity. The intensification factor of the MJ-ASB SB was more than 20%, which was better than that of the IMJSFB, and the enhancement factors of the gas and particle velocities were four and five times those of the IMJSFB, respectively. Optimal structural parameters were obtained by analyzing the different structural parameters of the novel internal devices, and it was found that particle fluidization in the MJ-ASB SB was best when the height ratio ξ was 3, the width ratio was 1.3 and the rotation was clockwise. • A novel spouted bed is proposed by adding multi-jets and the axial swirl blade. • The enhancement factor I of MJ-ASB SB is 5 times that of IMJSFB. • The optimal structural parameters of the axial swirl blade are determined. • The combined internals can significantly improve the particle mixing in the annulus area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metastasis is the predominant cause of mortality in patients with breast cancer. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to drive important phenotypes in tumors, including invasion and metastasis. However, the lncRNAs involved in metastasis and their molecular and cellular mechanisms are still largely unknown. Methods: The transcriptional and posttranscriptional processing of LINC00478-associated cytoplasmic RNA (LacRNA) was determined by RT-qPCR, semiquantitative PCR and 5′/3′ RACE. Paired-guide CRISPR/cas9 and CRISPR/dead-Cas9 systems was used to knock out or activate the expression of LacRNA. Cell migration and invasion assay was performed to confirm the phenotype of LacRNA. Tail vein model and mammary fat pad model were used for in vivo study. The LacRNA-PHB2-cMyc axis were screened and validated by RNA pulldown, mass spectrometry, RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA-seq assays. Results: Here, we identified a novel cytoplasmic lncRNA, LacRNA (LINC00478-associated cytoplasmic RNA), derived from nucleus-located lncRNA LINC00478. The nascent transcript of LINC00478 full-length (LINC00478_FL) was cleaved and polyadenylated, simultaneously yielding 5′ ends stable expressing LacRNA, which is released into the cytoplasm, and long 3′ ends of nuclear-retained lncRNA. LINC00478_3′RNA was rapidly degraded. LacRNA significantly inhibited breast cancer invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LacRNA physically interacted with the PHB domain of PHB2 through its 61–140-nt region. This specific binding affected the formation of the autophagy degradation complex of PHB2 and LC3, delaying the degradation of the PHB2 protein. Unexpectedly, LacRNA specifically interacted with PHB2, recruited c-Myc and promoted c-Myc ubiquitination and degradation. The negatively regulation of Myc signaling ultimately inhibited breast cancer metastasis. Furthermore, LacRNA and LacRNA-mediated c-Myc signaling downregulation are significantly associated with good clinical outcomes, take advantage of these factors we constructed a prognostic predict model. Conclusion: Therefore, our findings propose LacRNA as a potential prognostic biomarker and a new therapeutic strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction is a potential risk among susceptible individuals. Iodinated contrast media is a common source of an acute iodine load used in the health care setting and is frequently required for diagnostic computed tomography scans, coronary angiograms, and other radiologic studies. However, the epidemiologic risks of iodine-thyroid dysfunction have not been fully established in the United States. Methods: This population-based retrospective cohort study used the U.S. Veterans Health Administration database between 1998 and 2021 and included adults aged ≥18 years with a serum thyrotropin (TSH) measurement. Multivariable logistic regression was used to ascertain the risk of incident thyroid dysfunction (defined by repeated measurements of serum thyroid function) following iodine exposure, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, baseline serum TSH concentration, and duration between baseline and follow-up TSH concentration. Results: The cohort was composed of N = 4,253,119 veterans (mean ± SD = 63.5 ± 14.3 years; 92.9% men; 65.6% non-Hispanic Whites) with 8,729,155 corresponding pairs of serum TSH measurements, from which there were 499,897 TSH pairs with intervening iodine exposure. Thyroid dysfunction occurred in 4.8% of those pairs who had received iodine contrast and 3.6% of those without iodine exposure. Iodinated exposure was associated with an increased risk of thyroid dysfunction (odds ratio [OR] = 1.39, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.37–1.41, p < 0.001) and consistent for all types of serum thyroid dysfunction (overt or subclinical hypo-/hyperthyroidism). Men were at higher risk for the development of thyroid dysfunction than women (men: OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.40–1.44; women: OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.11–1.21; p-for-interaction <0.001). Conclusions: In this largest analysis of U.S. adults to date, iodine exposure was associated with only clinically small absolute increased risks of thyroid dysfunction, particularly in men. These findings suggest that screening of thyroid function following iodinated contrast administration should be targeted to high-risk individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment strategy with rapid progress in preclinical and clinical settings. However, the limitations in penetration of external light and precise delivery of photosensitizers hamper its clinical translation. As such, the internal light source such as Cerenkov luminescence (CL) from decaying radioisotopes offers new opportunities. Herein, we show that goat milk-derived extracellular vesicles (GEV) can act as a carrier to deliver photosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and tumor-avid 18F-FDG can activate CL-induced PDT for precision cancer theranostics. Methods: GEV was isolated via differential ultracentrifugation of commercial goat milk and photosensitizer Ce6 was loaded by co-incubation to obtain Ce6@GEV. Tumor uptake of Ce6@GEV was examined using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. To demonstrate the ability of 18F-FDG to activate photodynamic effects against cancer cells, apoptosis rates were measured using flow cytometry, and the production of 1O2 was measured by reactive oxygen species (ROS) monitoring kit. Moreover, we used the IVIS device to detect Cherenkov radiation and Cerenkov radiation energy transfer (CRET). For animal experiments, a small-animal IVIS imaging system was used to visualize the accumulation of the GEV drug delivery system in tumors. PET/CT and CL images of the tumor site were performed at 0.5, 1, and 2 h. For in vivo antitumor therapy, changes of tumor volume, survival time, and body weight in six groups of tumor-bearing mice were monitored. Furthermore, the blood sample and organs of interest (heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, and tumor) were collected for hematological analysis, immunohistochemistry, and H&E staining. Results: Confocal microscopy of 4T1 cells incubated with Ce6@GEV for 4 h revealed strong red fluorescence signals in the cytoplasm, which demonstrated that Ce6 loaded in GEV could be efficiently delivered into tumor cells. When Ce6@GEV and 18F-FDG co-existed incubated with 4T1 cells, the cell viability plummeted from more than 88.02 ± 1.30% to 23.79 ± 1.59%, indicating excellent CL-induced PDT effects. In vivo fluorescence images showed a peak tumor/liver ratio of 1.36 ± 0.09 at 24 h after Ce6@GEV injection. For in vivo antitumor therapy, Ce6@GEV + 18F-FDG group had the best tumor inhibition rate (58.02%) compared with the other groups, with the longest survival rate (35 days, 40%). During the whole treatment process, neither blood biochemical analysis nor histological observation revealed vital organ damage, suggesting the biosafety of this treatment strategy. Conclusions: The simultaneous accumulation of 18F-FDG and Ce6 in tumor tissues is expected to overcome the deficiency of traditional PDT. This strategy has the potential to extend PDT to a variety of tumors, including metastases, using targeted radiotracers to provide internal excitation of light-responsive therapeutics. We expect that our method will play a critical role in precision treatment of deep solid tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Patients with multiple pregnancies, multiple pregnancies, and a history of severe obesity, the abdominal wall muscles, and skin exhibit rectus abdominis separation and skin laxity due to prolonged overstretching, which causes damage to both the patient's appearance and health. Abdominoplasty is a surgical solution to the problems of separation of the rectus abdominis muscle and laxity of the skin of the abdominal wall under direct vision, which is important for patients with the above problems. Currently, many studies have been reported on abdominoplasty, however, no reverent bibliometric analyses of abdominoplasty have been published. Methods: In this study, we screened 1,119 studies on abdominoplasty between 2011 and 2021 based on the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database and performed a bibliometric analysis. Results: We found that high‐quality research related to abdominoplasty has increased in the last decade, and the United States was the leading country in the field of abdominoplasty. Stanford university ranked first in number of publications and citations. Aesthetic surgery journal was the most productive journal, followed by the Plastic and reconstructive surgery and Aesthetic plastic surgery. In addition, bariatric surgery, venous thromboembolism, rectus diastasis, breast reconstruction and umbilicoplasty are the keywords of recent publications that are the focus of current research. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive analysis and visualization of global research trends on abdominoplasty from 2011 to 2021, and improvements in abdominoplasty to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications will remain a focus of future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent sleep disruptions following withdrawal from abused drugs may hold keys to battle drug relapse. It is posited that there may be sleep signatures that predict relapse propensity, identifying which may open new avenues for treating substance use disorders. We trained male rats (approximately postnatal day 56) to self-administer cocaine. After long-term drug withdrawal (approximately postnatal day 100), we examined the correlations between the intensity of cocaine seeking and key sleep features. To test for causal relationships, we then used behavioral, chemogenetic, or optogenetic methods to selectively increase rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and measured behavioral and electrophysiological outcomes to probe for cellular and circuit mechanisms underlying REMS-mediated regulation of cocaine seeking. A selective set of REMS features was preferentially associated with the intensity of cue-induced cocaine seeking after drug withdrawal. Moreover, selectively increasing REMS time and continuity by environmental warming attenuated a withdrawal time-dependent intensification of cocaine seeking, or incubation of cocaine craving, suggesting that REMS may benefit withdrawal. Warming increased the activity of lateral hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons selectively during prolonged REMS episodes and counteracted cocaine-induced synaptic accumulation of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors in the nucleus accumbens—a critical substrate for incubation. Finally, the warming effects were partly mimicked by chemogenetic or optogenetic stimulations of MCH neurons during sleep, or intra-accumbens infusions of MCH peptide during the rat's inactive phase. REMS may encode individual vulnerability to relapse, and MCH neuron activities can be selectively targeted during REMS to reduce drug relapse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is considered as the most malignant skin tumor with high distant metastasis and poor prognosis. Cell division cycle‐associated protein (CDCA) family has a role in regulating cell proliferation and modulating immune cell and tumor cell proliferation in the tumor microenvironment to regulate tumor oncogenesis, development and affect patient outcomes. However, the differential expression pattern and prognostic value of CDCA factors (CDCAs) have not been clarified. In this study, the role of CDCAs in CM was analyzed by using bioinformatics and found that the transcriptional expressions of CDCA1/2/3/5/6/8 were upregulating in CM samples than in normal compares. CM patients with downregulated of CDCA1/3/4/5/6/8 and high transcriptional levels of CDCA7 suggest a significantly better prognosis. Furthermore, the significant correlations among the expression of CDCAs and the infiltration of immune cells. In terms of the protein level, we found CDCA8 was upregulated in CM patients. In conclusion, CDCA8 is a powerful prognostic biomarker for CM and can be a novel target for immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It has been suggested that individual differences in temperament could be involved in the (non-)response to antidepressant (AD) treatment. However, how neurobiological processes such as brain glucose metabolism may relate to personality features in the treatment-resistant depressed (TRD) state remains largely unclear. Methods: To examine how brainstem metabolism in the TRD state may predict Cloninger's temperament dimensions Harm Avoidance (HA), Novelty Seeking (NS), and Reward Dependence (RD), we collected 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG PET) scans in 40 AD-free TRD patients. All participants were assessed with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). We applied a multiple kernel learning (MKL) regression to predict the HA, NS, and RD from brainstem metabolic activity, the origin of respectively serotonergic, dopaminergic, and noradrenergic neurotransmitter (NT) systems. Results: The MKL model was able to significantly predict RD but not HA and NS from the brainstem metabolic activity. The MKL pattern regression model identified increased metabolic activity in the pontine nuclei and locus coeruleus, the medial reticular formation, the dorsal/median raphe, and the ventral tegmental area that contributed to the predictions of RD. Conclusions: The MKL algorithm identified a likely metabolic marker in the brainstem for RD in major depression. Although 18FDG PET does not investigate specific NT systems, the predictive value of brainstem glucose metabolism on RD scores however indicates that this temperament dimension in the TRD state could be mediated by different monoaminergic systems, all involved in higher order reward-related behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The relationship between osteoarthritis (OA) and risk of dementia and cognitive impairment (CIM) has long been debated; however, uncertainties still persist.Objective: The aim of our present meta-analysis and systematic review was to roundly illuminate the association between OA and the risk of dementia and CIM.Methods: We identified relevant studies by searching PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to October 2021. The relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were aggregated using random-effects methods. Credibility of each meta-analysis was assessed. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted. Publication bias was explored using funnel plot.Results: Of 21,925 identified literatures, 8 were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review and 19 observational studies involving 724,351 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. The risk of developing dementia and CIM among OA patients was demonstrated in 11 prospective studies (RR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.07-1.86, I2 = 98.9%, p < 0.001), 2 retrospective cohort studies (RR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.19-1.52, I2 = 61.0%, p = 0.109), 3 retrospective case-control studies (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.96-1.53, I2 = 95.2%, p < 0.001), and 4 cross-sectional studies (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.09-2.09, I2 = 75.8%, p = 0.006). Meta-regression analyses did not find any valid moderators. Heterogeneity in subgroup analyses for population age, OA location, year of publication, outcome type, adjusted for BMI, depression, and comorbidity decreased to zero. No significant evidence of publication bias was found.Conclusion: OA associated with an increased risk of dementia and CIM. Effective interventions in OA patients may decrease new incidence of dementia or CIM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a ternary hydrodesulfurization catalyst with fluorine introduced into the FeZn bimetallic active sites was prepared by a step-by-step incipient wetness impregnation. Among them, the sulfur removal ability increases gradually with the addition of F, and then tends to remain constant. Compared with FeZn catalyst, the maximum activity of the fluorinated catalyst can increase to 6 times at 613 K. It is found that the synergy effect exists in the ternary FeZnF species according to the characterization results. As a part of the active phase, not only the acidity of the catalyst was improved and the dispersion of metal species was optimized by F, but also the closed cycle of complex electron transfer among Fe-Zn-F was aggravated resulting in the weaken of Fe-O/Fe-S bond. Therefore, the sulfurization degree of FeZnF(x) was improved which leads to more active sites and noteworthy HDS activity. [Display omitted] • The ternary Fe-Zn-F was obtained by introducing the promoter F into the active sites. • The HDS activity was enhanced and the trend was increased and then remained invariant. • The electron transfer behavior among Fe, Zn and F was important to improve activity. • The acidity and dispersion played an auxiliary role in the amelioration of activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tubular linear oscillating machine can achieve reciprocating movement directly without auxiliary transmission mechanisms, which is widely used in the free-piston energy conversion system. To achieve a lower thrust ripple and eliminate the eddy current effect, a circumferential silicon steel stack is usually utilized in the stator, however, it results in assembling difficulties. In this article, a radially split lamination tubular linear permanent magnet oscillating machine with auxiliary configuration (RSL-TLPMOMA) is proposed to solve the problem. First, the laminated coefficient expression of split-laminated is deduced, the influence of laminated number and radius ratio on laminated coefficient is discussed, and the optimal combination of the laminated number under different radius ratios is given. Second, the subdomain (SD) method is used to analyze RSL-TLPMOMA, the auxiliary teeth, slot, and end effect are considered. Finally, a prototype is manufactured and tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is one of the big challenges of normal pregnancy. Immune dysregulation has been proposed for the key underline mechanisms of RPL. However, the essential roles of T cells, especially γδ T cells, have not been defined. Method of study: Decidua were obtained from normal pregnancy women or recurrent pregnancy loss patients and the surface molecules of γδ T cells in decidua were evaluated via flow cytometric analysis. The expression of PD‐1 in clinical samples was analyzed by immunohistochemistry assay. The intracellular cytokines of decidual PD‐1+ and PD‐1‐ γδ T cells were evaluated by flow cytometric analysis. The cytotoxicity of PD‐1‐ γδ T cells were confirmed via an in vitro co‐culture experiment. The specific inhibitors for Erk, p38 and JNK against the MAPK pathway were added to the co‐culture media to evaluate the functions of the Erk, p38 and JNK. Results: We demonstrated that PD‐1 was significantly decreased on decidual tissue γδ T cells of patients with RPL, resulting in the enhanced cytotoxicity of γδ T cells against trophoblasts. We further elucidated an Erk‐dependent TNF‐α production mediates the γδ T cell cytotoxicity against the trophoblast cells. Finally, the reduced expression of PD‐L1 in the villi tissues of patients with RPL might be the cause of the reduction of PD‐1 on the tissue γδ T cells. Conclusion: Our study uncovers an important role of PD‐1 expression on decidual γδ T cells in maintaining the normal pregnancy, and may provide a new strategy for immune therapy against RPL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Acne is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of hair follicles and sebaceous glands in dermatology. Hyperplastic scar (HS), a very common sequelae of acne, is also the most common scar type in clinical practice. Objective. This research analyzed the clinical effectiveness and safety of pulsed dye laser (PDL) combined with pingyangmycin (PI) in the treatment of post-acne HS. Methods. One hundred and nine patients with post-acne HS admitted in June 2020 were selected and divided into a research group (n = 52) and a control group (n = 57) according to the difference in treatment methods. The efficacy, incidence of adverse reactions, skin repair, treatment comfort, and satisfaction were compared between groups. Results. The total effective rate was higher in the research group compared with the control group. No statistical difference was observed between groups in the incidence of adverse reactions. The research group showed better scar repair, skin improvement, and granulation tissue maturity than the control group. And compared with the control group, the growth factor of the research group was lower, while the treatment comfort and satisfaction, psychological state, and prognosis quality of life were higher. The two groups showed no notable difference in the recurrence rate. Conclusions. PDL combined with PI can effectively improve the clinical efficacy, scar repair effect, overall skin status, and treatment experience of patients and boost the psychological state and prognostic quality of life of patients, which has great clinical application prospect for the treatment of HS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose an order reduction method which can be applied in the approximated analytical model for linear permanent magnet machines (LPMMs). The proposed model takes the periodic boundary condition into account the Poisson and Laplace equations, hence, the analytical solution requires low harmonic orders in each subdomain. The magnetic results show that the proposed model can maintain high accuracy while taking low computational time. 2D finite element computations, as well as measurements, validate the proposed model. The proposed model in this paper can also be further applied in permanent magnet machines with high pole and slot combination, to reduce the computational time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to explore a novel method for ear reconstruction stent remodeling to achieve high patient satisfactory outcomes. Methods: This study is a retrospective review of patients with congenital or acquired ear defects who were prepared for one‐stage ear reconstruction with high‐density porous polyethylene stent between May 2020 and May 2021. A standardized data collection template was used to collect related variables. In this study, the detailed reconstruction surgery process is carefully described, and the postoperative healing process of the ear reconstruction was closely observed. Results: A total of 26 patients for one‐stage ear reconstruction with high‐density porous polyethylene stent or autogenous costal cartilage scaffolds were admitted to the department of plastic surgery in our hospital between May 2020 and May 2021. All patients were followed until their ear flaps were alive and details of the ear shape were revealed. The patients with new remolding method were no severe complications and only a patient had stent exposure, and were highly satisfied with both appearance and function. Conclusions: The application of novel remodeling method is a promising way for ear reconstruction stent shaping with little postoperative complication and excellent postoperative patient satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the feasibility of not using antibiotics before and after hemorrhoid surgery is the main objective of the study. A total of 68 patients with hemorrhoids who were admitted to Ningbo Anorectal Hospital from December 2019 to May 2021 were selected, including 36 males and 32 females. They were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, 34 patients in each group. The patients in the experimental group were not given antibiotics, while the patients in the control group were given cefazolin sodium 1-2 g and 100 ml of sodium chloride intravenously 30 min before surgery and the same dose of antibiotics was given intravenously after surgery (1 time/12 h), the postoperative administration time is 24 h, not more than 48 h. The intraoperative conditions, postoperative wound infection rate, hospital stay, postoperative recurrence rate and other aspects of the two groups of patients were observed and compared. There was no significant difference in postoperative body temperature, white blood cell count, postoperative wound infection and average hospital stay and recovery time between the two groups. The adverse drug reaction rate in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group. It is safe and feasible not to use antibiotics in the perioperative period of hemorrhoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is closely related to back pain. Finding biomarkers of IDD is very helpful for maintaining the function of the intervertebral disc and reducing the occurrence of back pain. This study is to explore the biomarkers in IDD and to explore the role of immune cell infiltration in IDD. Methods. The data sets of GSE56081 and GSE63492 in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used for screening and analysis, and the key gene markers were verified by GSE34095 and GSE126883. Finally, the infiltration of immune cells in the data were analyzed by MCPcounter analysis package. Results. In this study, a ceRNA containing 15 lncRNAs, 9 miRNAs, and 103 mRNAs was constructed. After multimodel screening and verification, key gene marker was found, namely, ATF2. The lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA axis closely related to ATF2 have also been found, namely, SNHG5/miR-299-5p/ATF2. In the analysis of immune infiltration, ATF2 was negatively correlated with T cells but positively correlated with neutrophils and endothelial cells. Conclusion. The SNHG5/miR-299-5p/ATF2 can be used as biomarker of IDD, and infiltration of immune cells plays an important role in the pathological development of IDD. In addition, as a marker of IDD, the involvement of the above-mentioned axis in the pathological development of IDD remains to be further explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accelerated intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (aiTBS) is a new non-invasive brain stimulation protocol developed to rapidly treat medication resistant depression (MRD). However, to examine potential neurobiological changes only few sham-controlled studies combining pre/post treatment measures and brain imaging data are available. Consequently, with this Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) brain imaging study, we investigated in 45 antidepressant-free MRD patients whether clinical improvement following aiTBS treatment applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Trial registration: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01832805) would be associated with specific changes in brain perfusion patterns. We primarily expected frontolimbic perfusion changes following active and not sham aiTBS. Our ASL brain imaging findings showed that active aiTBS resulted in prompt perfusion increases in functionally connected brain regions such as the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the right inferior parietal lobule. We also observed decreased perfusion in the left parahippocampal gyrus and the right posterior cerebellar lobe after active aiTBS. On the other hand, sham aiTBS resulted in right angular perfusion decreases, an area known to be involved in placebo responses. Overall, our perfusion findings indicate that active aiTBS treatment promptly affects brain regions functionally and structurally connected to the stimulated area and known to be part of deregulated brain circuits when clinically depressed. Placebo responses may be part of the clinical effects of accelerated ITS protocols. Our current results further shed light on how accelerated rTMS treatment protocols may promptly improve depressive symptoms in MRD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the demand of urban expansion and the constraints of China's 'National Main Functional Area Planning' policy, urban agglomerations are facing with a huge contradiction between land utilization and ecological protection, especially for Harbin-Changchun urban agglomeration who owns a large number of land used for the protection of agricultural production and ecological function. To alleviate this contradiction and provide insight into future land use patterns under different ecological constraints' scenarios, we introduced the patch-based land use simulation (PLUS) model and simulated urban expansion of the Harbin-Changchun urban agglomeration. After verifying the accuracy of the simulation result in 2018, we predicted future urban expansion under the constraints of three different ecological scenarios in 2026. The morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) method and minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model were also introduced to identify different levels of ecological security pattern (ESP) as ecological constraints. The predicted result of the optimal protection (OP) scenario showed less proportion of water and forest than those of natural expansion (NE) and basic protection (BP) scenarios in 2026. The conclusions are that the PLUS model can improve the simulation accuracy at urban agglomeration scale compared with other cellular automata (CA) models, and the future urban expansion under OP scenario has the least threat to the ecosystem, while the expansion under the natural expansion (NE) scenario poses the greatest threat to the ecosystem. Combined with the MSPA and MCR methods, PLUS model can also be used in other spatial simulations of urban agglomerations under ecological constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sudden torque change caused by the TM (traction motor) of HEV (hybrid electric vehicle) can lead to severe driveline oscillation, furthermore the backlash between engaging components in the driveline could increase the vibration amplitude. This paper focuses on the driveline oscillation of a series-parallel hybrid vehicle on launch condition. An analytic model of driveline torsional vibration considering disturbance brought by nonlinear backlash is established and simplified for the convenience of controller design. Based on the simplified model, a feedforward control strategy is proposed to suppress HEV launch vibration. However, the control effect will deteriorate sharply with the increase of equivalent backlash in the driveline system. To improve vibration attenuation performance, a feedback compensator is established and incorporated into the control system, with a robust sliding mode observer which is designed to estimate unknown disturbances as feedback signal. Numerical simulation is applied to validate vibration attenuation performance of the feedforward-feedback hybrid control strategy. Simulation results demonstrate that the feedforward-feedback control strategy has better robustness to cancel the unwanted effects of disturbance brought by nonlinear backlash compared with other control methods, which can be regarded as an effective approach to attenuate driveline oscillation and thus improve ride comfort on launch condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional Haber–Bosch process in industry to produce NH3 leads to excessive CO2 emissions and a large amount of energy consumption. Ambient electrochemical N2 reduction is emerging as a green and sustainable alternative method to convert N2 to NH3, but is in sore need of efficient and stable electrocatalysts. Herein, we propose using Pd-doped TiO2 nanoparticles as a high-efficiency electrocatalyst to synthesize NH3 under ambient conditions. The Pd–TiO2 catalyst delivers a large NH3 yield (17.4 μg h−1 mgcat.−1) and a high faradaic efficiency (12.7%) at −0.50 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in a neutral electrolyte, outperforming most Pd- and Ti-based electrocatalysts recently reported for N2 reduction. Most importantly, it also demonstrates extraordinary long-term electrochemical stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the increasingly serious traffic problems in large cities of China, transformation to polycentric urban spatial structure has been considered as an important initiative to improve the urban traffic performance. This study examines the traffic performance of the polycentric spatial structure of Harbin, and analyzes the factors influencing the traffic performance of the structure using the location reselection hypothesis theory. The results show that the polycentric spatial structure does not significantly improve Harbin's traffic performance, and only the centers in peripheral areas indicate advantages in commuting speed and distance, to which the main reason is that the social and spatial factors reduce the importance of commuting costs, making long-distance commuting economically rational and hindering possible location reselection. It is an effective direction for the improvement of the traffic performance of polycentric spatial structure by facing up to the rationality of long-distance commuting and transportation demand, improving the location equilibrium of residential and employment resources, and constructing high-grade centers in peripheral areas in appropriate locations and with comprehensive functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]