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The time-varying viscosity of quick-setting slurries will cause the spatial variation of slurry viscosity, which has an important impact on the diffusion mechanism of infiltration grouting. With the time-varying Bingham fluid constitutive model and the uniform capillary group theory, a cylindrical–hemispherical slurry infiltration diffusion model was established, considering the time-space variation of slurry viscosity. According to the soil parameters and slurry rheological parameters, the slurry pressure can be calculated at different diffusion radius and times. The effects of the permeability, porosity, and grouting rate of the injected medium on the grouting pressure and grouting diffusion radius were analyzed. The medium porosity is very critical for the design of the slurry diffusion radius. A 3-dimensional infiltration grouting test was carried out. The infiltration grouting pressure under different grouting rates and soil parameters were obtained. The results obtained from theoretical model were compared and verified with the test results. The results show that the grouting pressures calculated from the infiltration diffusion model proposed in this paper are in agreement with the experimental results. The grouting pressure calculated by the theoretical model is 1.05–1.25 times of the experimental value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractSubsea tunnels are different from mountain tunnels in many aspects. During the construction process using drilling and blasting methods, there are complex environments such as unlimited seawater replenishment and complex geological structures that pose serious challenges to construction safety. In order to more accurately assess the safety of subsea tunnels so as to reduce the probability of disasters, this article proposes the characteristic indicators of “overburden thickness/depth of overlying seawater” (RSR) for subsea tunnels, and combines cloud model theory with Bayesian networks to establish a risk assessment method for subsea tunnel collapse. Taking the Jiaozhou Bay Second subsea tunnel as an example, prior risk reasoning and ex-post risk diagnosis are carried out. The maximum disaster risk section of the tunnel has been determined, and the key influencing factors of the collapse risk of the subsea tunnel have been identified, providing assurance for construction safety. The main contributions of the research results are as follows: (a) analyzed the factors affecting the risk of subsea tunnel; (b) the characteristic indicator for subsea tunnel collapse risk assessment was proposed; and (c) combined the Bayesian network and cloud model, and established the risk assessment method of subsea tunnel by drilling and blasting method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: G-CSF enhances colon cancer development. This study defines the prevalence and effects of increased G-CSF signaling in human colon cancers and investigates G-CSF inhibition as an immunotherapeutic strategy against metastatic colon cancer., Experimental Design: Patient samples were used to evaluate G-CSF and G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR) levels by IHC with sera used to measure G-CSF levels. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used to assess the rate of G-CSFR+ T cells and IFNγ responses to chronic ex vivo G-CSF. An immunocompetent mouse model of peritoneal metastasis (MC38 cells in C57Bl/6J) was used to determine the effects of G-CSF inhibition (αG-CSF) on survival and the tumor microenvironment (TME) with flow and mass cytometry., Results: In human colon cancer samples, the levels of G-CSF and G-CSFR are higher compared to normal colon tissues from the same patient. High patient serum G-CSF is associated with increases in markers of poor prognosis, (e.g., VEGF, IL6). Circulating T cells from patients express G-CSFR at double the rate of T cells from controls. Prolonged G-CSF exposure decreases T cell IFNγ production. Treatment with αG-CSF shifts both the adaptive and innate compartments of the TME and increases survival (HR, 0.46; P = 0.0237) and tumor T-cell infiltration, activity, and IFNγ response with greater effects in female mice. There is a negative correlation between serum G-CSF levels and tumor-infiltrating T cells in patient samples from women., Conclusions: These findings support G-CSF as an immunotherapeutic target against colon cancer with greater potential benefit in women., (©2023 American Association for Cancer Research.)