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The widespread use of data in e-commerce has facilitated the implementation of different pricing strategies for platforms and merchants. However, the excessive use of algorithms for differential pricing has sparked discussions about fairness and price discrimination, disrupting the platform trading system. To address this challenge, we adopt an evolutionary game approach to analyze the evolutionary strategies of all parties from the perspective of platform CSR. It is based on a special type of e-commerce platform trading in which major merchants have data analytics capabilities. We construct an evolutionary game model considering reputation and punishment, explore the impact of different situations and factors on the system’s evolutionary stability strategy, and conduct its verification via simulation experiments. The results show that long-term reputation is the internal driving force for platforms to fulfill responsibilities. The joint punishment of collusion is the external binding force. Consumer complaints are key to restricting merchants’ integrity operation. Moreover, penalties imposed by e-commerce platforms can help eradicate price discrimination. This study provides a new perspective to solve price discrimination in the digital era. Measures based on reputation and punishment can guide platforms to fulfill other social responsibilities.

Abstract Refractory or relapsed (R/R) AML is the most challenging form of AML to treat. Due to frequent genetic mutations, therapy alternatives are limited. Here, we identified the role of ritanserin and its target DGKα in AML. Several AML cell lines and primary patient cells were treated with ritanserin and subjected to cell proliferation, apoptosis and gene analyses with CCK-8 assay, Annexin V/PI assay and Western blotting, respectively. We also evaluated the function of the ritanserin target diacylglycerol kinase alpha (DGKα) in AML by bioinformatics. In vitro experiments have revealed that ritanserin inhibits AML progression in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and it shows an anti-AML effect in xenograft mouse models. We further demonstrated that the expression of DGKα was elevated in AML and correlated with poor survival. Mechanistically, ritanserin negatively regulates SphK1 expression through PLD signaling, also inhibiting the Jak-Stat and MAPK signaling pathways via DGKα. These findings suggest that DGKα may be an available therapeutic target and provide effective preclinical evidence of ritanserin as a promising treatment for AML.

This study presents the preparation of steel-fiber reinforced concretes (SFRCs) using straight navicular fibers with annular-sector-shaped sections and corrugated fiber with rectangular-shaped sections, respectively. The flexural and splitting tensile strengths of both the respective SFRCs increase with increasing fiber volume fraction, whereas their compressive strengths initially increase, then decrease, and then increase again. For the same fiber volume fraction, the mechanical properties of the navicular fiber-reinforced concrete are superior to those of the corrugated fiber-reinforced concretes. The introduction of steel fiber changes the failure mode of the plain concrete during bending from a typical brittle mode to a bimodal ductile failure mode. As compared to the corrugated fiber, the navicular fiber has stronger interface bonding to concrete and a higher friction resistance to fiber sliding and subsequent pullout. Furthermore, navicular fiber has a higher load-bearing capacity, which makes it more favorable for improving the mechanical properties of plain concrete.

Summary: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-reactive CD8+ T cells are found in humans and animals, but little is known about their identity, development, and function. In this study, we discover a group of CD8+ T cells reactive to both MHC class I and II molecules in MHC class II-deficient mice. We clone their T cell receptors (TCRs) and analyze their development and function. In wild-type animals, thymocytes bearing those TCRs are purged by negative selection. In the absence of MHC class II, they develop into mature CD8+ T cells. When encountering MHC class II in the periphery, they undergo robust activation and proliferation, attack self-tissues, and cause lethal autoimmune diseases. In adoptive T cell therapy, those CD8+ T cells are able to efficiently control MHC class II-expressing tumors. This study opens the door to investigation of dual-reactive CD8+ T cells, their development and selection in the thymus, and the perils and promises when their normal development and selection are compromised.

Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with poor outcome and lacks of approved targeted therapy. Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is found in more than 50% TNBC and is suggested as a driving force in progression of TNBC; however, targeting EGFR using antibodies to prevent its dimerization and activation shows no significant benefits for TNBC patients. Here we report that EGFR monomer may activate signal transducer activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) in the absence of transmembrane protein TMEM25, whose expression is frequently decreased in human TNBC. Deficiency of TMEM25 allows EGFR monomer to phosphorylate STAT3 independent of ligand binding, and thus enhances basal STAT3 activation to promote TNBC progression in female mice. Moreover, supplying TMEM25 by adeno-associated virus strongly suppresses STAT3 activation and TNBC progression. Hence, our study reveals a role of monomeric-EGFR/STAT3 signaling pathway in TNBC progression and points out a potential targeted therapy for TNBC.

Infection caused by respiratory viruses can lead to a severe respiratory disease and even death. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent the disease, but it cannot be quickly applied when facing an emerging infectious disease. Here, we demonstrated that immunization with an aluminium-zinc hybrid particulate adjuvant (FH-001) alone, bearing great resemblance in morphology with commonly used aluminium-based adjuvants in vaccines, could quickly induce mice to generate a broadly protective immune response to resist the lethal challenge of influenza B viruses. Furthermore, a multi-omics-based analysis revealed that the alveolar macrophage and type I interferon pathway, rather than adaptive immunity and type II interferon pathway, were essential for the observed prophylactic effect of FH-001. More importantly, a similar protective effect was observed against influenza A virus strain A/Shanghai/02/2013(H7N9), A/California/04/2009(H1N1) and respiratory syncytial virus. Therefore, we introduced here a new and promising strategy that can be quickly applied during the outbreak of emerging respiratory viruses.

Abstract Background Patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) who experience disease progression within 24 months (POD24) have inferior outcomes. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) plays a crucial role in pathogenesis and progression of follicular lymphoma (FL). However, TIME evolution during progression of disease within 24 months (POD24) is elusive. Methods Spatially resolved and single-cell image mass cytometry with a panel of 36 metal-tagged antibodies was used to quantitatively analyze the TIME structure in 13 paired FLs at diagnosis and POD24. Results Follicles and peri-follicular regions were well dissected in structure. Peri-follicular regions represented a barrier for immune infiltration into the follicles. More FL-cells in the peri-follicular regions suffered CD8+T cells attacks under simultaneous protection of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and/or macrophages compared with that in the follicles irrespective of POD24. During POD24, increased CD163− macrophages with PD-1 ligand upregulation and decreased CD8+T cells with upregulated LAG-3 expression around FL-cells were observed in the follicles. Spatial analyses demonstrated that FL-cells interacted more intimately with macrophages than with Tregs and less with cytotoxic T cells in both peri-follicular regions and follicles during POD24. In comparison, macrophages also cooperated more frequently with Tregs to simultaneously hijack FL-cells, creating an enhanced immunosuppressive environment in both peri-follicular and follicular regions during POD24. Conclusions Peri-follicular regions function as a barrier by recruiting both CD8+T cells and immunosuppressive cells, protecting follicular FL-cells from immune attack at diagnosis or POD24. FL-cells reside in a more immune-compromised microenvironment and evade immune cell attacks during POD24. Novel immunotherapeutic approaches harnessing LAG-3, macrophages, and Tregs will be empowered to overcome poor outcomes in patients with FL POD24.

Abstract Background The present study was conducted to determine the inflammatory response in the lungs of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). Methods This study retrospectively analyzed cytokine levels, cytological findings, and M. pneumoniae (MP)‐DNA level in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 96 children with MPP. The study utilized Spearman's correlation method to evaluate the contribution of BALF and blood parameters in MPP children. Results (1) A total of 96 MPP children were classified into the Low MP‐DNA MPP group (BALF MP‐DNA ≤ 105 copies/mL) and the High MP‐DNA MPP group (BALF MP‐DNA > 105copies/mL); the Non‐fever MPP group (no fever during the entire course of pneumonia) and the Fever MPP group; the Defervescence MPP group (fever had subsided at the time of bronchoscopy) and the Fervescence MPP group; and the Mild MPP group and the Severe MPP group. (2) The High MP‐DNA MPP, Fever MPP, Fervescence MPP, and Severe MPP groups had higher levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐10, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in their BALF (all p

Wound healing has been a great challenge throughout human history. Improper treatment for wounds is so easy to lead to infection and a series of serious symptoms, even death. Because of the ability of absorbing fluid and keeping a moist environment, the hydrogel with 3D networks is ideal candidate for wound dressing. More important, it has good biocompatibility. However, most of the hydrogel dressings reported have weak mechanical properties and adhesion properties, which greatly limit their clinical application. Herein, a tough adhesive hydrogel with good mechanical stability for non-invasive wound repair is reported. The hydrogel is composed of polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDA), chitosan (CS) and chitin nano-whisker (CW). PEGDA and CS form interpenetrating network hydrogel through free radical polymerization reaction under the UV light. The introduction of CW further enhances the toughness of the hydrogel. The pH-sensitive CS can form adhesion to various materials through topological adhesion. As a wound closure repair material, PEGDA/CS/CW hydrogel not only has the characteristic of effectively closing the wound, defending against invading bacteria, and keeping the wound clean, but also has good tensile and mechanical stability, which is expected to realize the closure and repair of joints and other moving parts of the wound. This adhesive hydrogel is proven a promising material for wound closure repair.

BackgroundAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease, with pathological characteristics of bone erosion, inflammation of attachment point, and bone ankylosis. Due to the ossified intervertebral disc and ligament, pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) is one of the mainstream surgeries of AS-related thoracolumbar kyphosis, but the large amount of blood loss and high risk of instrumental instability limit its clinical application. The purpose of our study is to propose a new transpedicular vertebral body compression osteotomy (VBCO) in PSO to reduce blood loss and improve stability.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on patients with AS-related thoracolumbar kyphosis who underwent one-level PSO in our hospital from February 2009 to May 2019. A total of 31 patients were included in this study; 6 received VBCO and 25 received eggshell vertebral body osteotomy. We collected demographic data containing gender and age at diagnosis. Surgical data contained operation time, estimated blood loss (EBL), and complications. Radiographic data contained pre-operative and follow-up sagittal parameters including chin brow-vertical angle (CBVA), global kyphosis (GK), thoracic kyphosis (TK), and lumbar lordosis (LL). A typical case with L2-PSO was used to establish a finite element model. The mechanical characteristics of the internal fixation device, vertebral body, and osteotomy plane of the two osteotomy models were analyzed under different working conditions.ResultsThe VBCO could provide comparable restoring of CBVA, GK, TK, and LL in the eggshell osteotomy procedure (all p > 0.05). The VBCO significantly reduced EBL compared to those with eggshell osteotomy [800.0 ml (500.0–1,439.5 ml) vs. 1,455.5 ml (1,410.5–1,497.8 ml), p = 0.033]. Compared with the eggshell osteotomy, VBCO showed better mechanical property. For the intra-pedicular screw fixation, the VBCO group had a more average distributed and lower stress condition on both nails and connecting rod. VBCO had a flattened osteotomy plane than the pitted osteotomy plane of the eggshell group, showing a lower and more average distributed maximum stress and displacement of osteotomy plane.ConclusionIn our study, we introduced VBCO as an improved method in PSO, with advantages in reducing blood loss and providing greater stability. Further investigation should focus on clinical research and biomechanical analysis for the application of VBCO.

Background: Although monosomal karyotype (MK) has been recognized as an adverse risk factor in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML), its impact on pediatric AML outcomes remains unclear. Methods: Clinical characteristics, cytogenetic and molecular profiling, and prognostic impact of MK were analyzed in a cohort of 284 children with AML in a Chinese population. Results: MK was present in 14 (4.5%) cases of the study cohort. MK-AML showed low prevalence of TP53 mutant and 17p13 aberrations. Children with MK-AML had shorter overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) compared to those with intermediate-risk features (OS: 26 ± 9.7% vs. 2 ± 1.5%, p

BackgroundUnhealthy eating habits are a significant modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); nevertheless, no evidence of their impact on the CVD burden has been reported in East Asian countries. We aimed to determine the trend and predict the future CVDs burden attributed to modifiable dietary risk factors in the East Asian countries (China, Japan, South Korea, and North Korea) and the world.MethodsThe Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 data were used to find the trend of CVDs [ischemic heart disease (IHD) and ischemic stroke (IS)] mortality- and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to dietary risk factors in the East Asian countries and the world (1990–2019) and its prediction from 2020 to 2030. We used the joinpoint regression model and the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model for trend and future forecast, respectively.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, regardless of sex, the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and DALYs of IHD attributed to dietary risk factors significantly decreased in Japan, South Korea, and the world. However, the ASMR of IHD significantly increased in Chinese males and for both sexes in North Korea. The ASMR and DALYs of IHD and IS due to dietary risk factors were higher in males than in females in the world. From 2020 to 2030, the ASMR of IHD is predicted to increase in South Korean females and Japanese males. Globally, a diet low in whole grains was the top risk factor for the highest IHD mortality and DALYs in 2019, followed by a diet low in legumes and a diet high in sodium. A diet low in whole grains, a diet high in sodium, and a diet low in legumes were the leading risk factors for high IHD mortality in East Asian countries.ConclusionThe trend of IHD and IS burden due to dietary risk factors varies substantially across the East Asian countries compared to the trend of CVDs burden in the world. The study findings may help the public health policymakers to design proper strategies for improvement of the quality of life to combat the CVDs burden in the future for the East Asian countries.

Reducing phosphorus input is currently the main lake eutrophication management strategy, but algal blooms persist in many lakes despite effective phosphorus abatement measures. This study analyzed monitoring data across 70 Chinese lakes using statistical methods to reveal the spatiotemporal characteristics of the algae production efficiency of total phosphorus (ETP) and the driving factors of ETP changes. The results showed that ETP ranged from 0.01 to 1.87 across 70 Chinese lakes from 2016 to 2018. Spatially, lakes with higher ETP values were concentrated in the Yungui Plateau region due to its natural conditions, which were suitable for phytoplankton growth. Temporally, the ETP values from July to October were higher than in other months. In addition, over 30% of lakes exhibited rising ETP values, and these were mainly located in the Eastern Plain region. These spatiotemporal differences reveal the reason for the failure of phosphorus control based on a universal regression equation in eutrophication management for some individual lakes. Nitrogen-limited or co-limited lakes were also found mainly located in the Northeast Plain region, and it was confirmed that alkalinity was the main factor affecting algae growth in the Qingzang Plateau region. Our results indicate that TP reduction alone, based on the empirical relationship between chlorophyll-a and TP, is insufficient to accurately control eutrophication at the lake-specific scale, and individualized lake management strategies considering the variations in ETP are recommended.

Nanomedicine 2.0 refers to the next generation of nanotechnology-based medical therapies and diagnostic tools. This field focuses on the development of more sophisticated and precise nanoparticles (NPs) for targeted drug delivery, imaging, and sensing. It has been established that the nuclear delivery of NP-loaded drugs can increase their therapeutic efficacy. To effectively direct the NPs to the nucleus, the attachment of nuclear localization signals (NLSs) to NPs has been employed in many applications. In this review, we will provide an overview of the structure of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) and the classic nuclear import mechanism. Additionally, we will explore various nanoparticles, including their synthesis, functionalization, drug loading and release mechanisms, nuclear targeting strategies, and potential applications. Finally, we will highlight the challenges associated with developing nucleus-targeted nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems (NDDSs) and provide insights into the future of NDDSs.

Galvanized steel is a cost-effective and corrosion-resistant material with high strength, making it a popular choice for various engineering applications. In order to investigate the effects of ambient temperature and galvanized layer state on the corrosion of galvanized steel in a high-humidity neutral atmosphere environment, we placed three types of specimens (Q235 steel, undamaged galvanized steel, damaged galvanized steel) in a neutral atmosphere environment with a humidity of 95% at three different temperatures (50 °C, 70 °C, and 90 °C) for testing. The corrosion behavior of specimens under simulated high-temperature and high-humidity conditions was studied using weight changes, macroscopic and microscopic observations, and analysis of the corrosion products of the specimens before and after corrosion. Emphasis was placed on examining the effects of temperature and damage to the galvanized layer on the corrosion rate of the specimens. The findings indicated that damaged galvanized steel retains good corrosion resistance at 50 °C. However, at 70 °C and 90 °C, the damage to the galvanized layer will accelerate the corrosion of the base metal.

Cancer metastasis is one of the major causes of cancer related deaths and there is an urgent need to find more clinically effective metastasis targeting agents. Here, the authors show that Salmonella YB1 inhibits metastasis in multiple mouse models of cancer through a mechanism dependent on IFN-γ and NK cells.

Background Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are capable to inflame the tumor microenvironment (TME) and elicit infiltrating tumor-specific T cell responses. However, OV treatment negatively alters the cancer-immune set point in tumors to attenuate the antitumor immune response, which suggests the necessity of dissecting the immune landscape of the virus-treated tumors and developing novel strategies to maximize the potential of OVs. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the single-chain variable fragment (scFv)-armed OVs targeting PD-1 on the TME, and ultimately overcome localized immunosuppression to sensitize tumors to immunotherapies.Methods A tumor-selective oncolytic herpes simplex virus vector was engineered to encode a humanized scFv against human PD-1 (hPD-1scFv) (YST-OVH). The antitumor efficacy of YST-OVH was explored in multiple therapeutic mouse models. The neurotoxicity and safety of YST-OVH were evaluated in nonhuman primates. The precise dynamics in the TME involved in YST-OVH treatment were dissected using cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF).Results The identified hPD-1scFv showed superior T-cell activating activity. Localized delivery of hPD-1scFv by YST-OVH promotes systemic antitumor immunity in humanized PD-1 mouse models of established cancer. Immune profiling of tumors using CyTOF revealed the enhanced antitumor effect of YST-OVH, which largely relied on CD8+ T cell activity by augmenting the tumor infiltration of effector CD8+ T cells and establishment of memory CD8+ T cells and reducing associated CD8+ T cell exhaustion. Furthermore, YST-OVH treatment modified the cancer-immune set point of tumors coupled to coexpression of CTLA-4 and TIM-3 on exhausted CD8+ T cells and high levels of CTLA-4+ Treg cells. A combination approach incorporating anti-CTLA-4 or anti-TIM-3 further improved efficacy by increasing tumor immunogenicity and activating antitumor adaptive immune responses. Moreover, this therapeutic strategy showed no neurotoxicity and was well tolerated in nonhuman primates. The benefit of intratumoral hPD-1scFv expression was also observed in humanized mice bearing human cancer cells.Conclusion Localized delivery of PD-1 inhibitors by engineered YST-OVH was a highly effective and safe strategy for cancer immunotherapy. YST-OVH also synergized with CTLA-4 or TIM-3 blockade to enhance the immune response to cancer. These data provide a strong rationale for further clinical evaluation of this novel therapeutic approach.

Lake eutrophication has become a global environmental pollution problem. Analysis of the eutrophication recovery trajectory of lakes can help to accurately implement regulations and reduce the cost of management. The degradation and recovery trajectories of Lake Gehu were firstly analyzed based on 34-years monitoring data of water quality. A dynamic correlation analysis of the relationship between chlorophyll-a (Chla) and the total phosphorus (TP) (total nitrogen [TN]) at an annual scale was conducted using the filtering trajectory method (FTM). The result showed that the recovery trajectory of Lake Gehu was nonlinear, and showed a short lag time in Chla decrease. The regime shift from a clear-water state to a turbid-water state occurred in Lake Gehu when the TP threshold was 120 μg/L. Combined the filtering trajectory diagram with a principal component analysis, the results revealed that the adverse climate change did not completely offset the positive effect of nutrient load reduction, which required further attention and had significance for eutrophication control. According to the dynamic changes in the algae production efficiency of total phosphorus (ETP), the result showed that the sensitivity of lake eutrophication increased and the TP carrying concentration reduced by 40%-60%. The water quality goal for controlling algae was determined as TP = 40 μg/L (Chla = 10 μg/L), which was 20% stricter than the national standard (TP = 50 μg/L). In conclusion, aquatic vegetation restoration and biological manipulation can be effective alternatives for controlling eutrophication in addition to nutrient load reduction. The eutrophication control target and adaptive strategies were determined according to the recovery trajectory of Lake Gehu in this study. The ETP has reference significance for the management of shallow lakes.

The production and real-time usage of streaming data bring new challenges for data systems due to huge volume of streaming data and quick response request of applications. Message queuing systems that offer high throughput and low latency play an important role in today's big streaming data processing. There are several popular message queuing systems in production usage and also many in-lab message queuing systems in academia. These systems with different design philosopies have different characteristics. It is non-trivial for a non-expert to choose a suitable system to meet his specific requirement. With this premise, our primary contribution is to provide the community with a fair comparison among message queuing systems, using a standardized comparison metric and reproducible experimental environment. Five typical message queuing systems (including Kafka, RabbitMQ, RocketMQ, ActiveMQ and Pulsar) are evaluated qualitatively (in analysis) and quantitatively (in experimental results). This article also highlights the distinct features of each system and summarizes the best-suited use cases of each system. The fair comparison and the insight analysis provided in this article can help users choose the best-suited message queuing systems.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neuroinflammatory disease characterized partly by the inability to clear, and subsequent build-up, of amyloid-beta (Aβ). AD has a bi-directional relationship with circadian disruption (CD) with sleep disturbances starting years before disease onset. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the relationship of CD and AD has not been elucidated. Myeloid-based phagocytosis, a key component in the metabolism of Aβ, is circadianly-regulated, presenting a potential link between CD and AD. In this work, we revealed that the phagocytosis of Aβ42 undergoes a daily circadian oscillation. We found the circadian timing of global heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) biosynthesis was the molecular timer for the clock-controlled phagocytosis of Aβ and that both HSPG binding and aggregation may play a role in this oscillation. These data highlight that circadian regulation in immune cells may play a role in the intricate relationship between the circadian clock and AD.

BackgroundOvarian preservation treatment (OPT) was recommended in young women with early-stage endometrial cancer [superficial myometrial invasion (MI) and grades (G) 1/2-endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EEC)]. A radiomics nomogram was developed to assist radiologists in assessing the depth of MI and in selecting eligible patients for OPT.MethodsFrom February 2014 to May 2021, 209 G 1/2-EEC patients younger than 45 years (mean 39 ± 4.3 years) were included. Of them, 104 retrospective patients were enrolled in the primary group, and 105 prospective patients were enrolled in the validation group. The radiomics features were extracted based on multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm was applied to reduce the dimensionality of the data and select the radiomics features that correlated with the depth of MI in G 1/2-EEC patients. A radiomics nomogram for evaluating the depth of MI was developed by combing the selected radiomics features with the cancer antigen 125 and tumor size. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the radiomics nomogram and of radiologists without and with the aid of the radiomics nomogram. The net reclassification index (NRI) and total integrated discrimination index (IDI) based on the total included patients to assess the clinical benefit of radiologists with the radiomics nomogram were calculated.ResultsIn the primary group, for evaluating the depth of MI, the AUCs were 0.96 for the radiomics nomogram; 0.80 and 0.86 for radiologists 1 and 2 without the aid of the nomogram, respectively; and 0.98 and 0.98 for radiologists 1 and 2 with the aid of the nomogram, respectively. In the validation group, the AUCs were 0.88 for the radiomics nomogram; 0.82 and 0.83 for radiologists 1 and 2 without the aid of the nomogram, respectively; and 0.94 and 0.94 for radiologists 1 and 2 with the aid of the nomogram, respectively. The yielded NRI and IDI values were 0.29 and 0.43 for radiologist 1 and 0.23 and 0.37 for radiologist 2, respectively.ConclusionsThe radiomics nomogram outperformed radiologists and could help radiologists in assessing the depth of MI and selecting eligible OPTs in G 1/2-EEC patients.

In present China, continuing to control PM2.5 (particulate matter < 2.5 μm) and preventing the rise of O3 are the most urgent environmental tasks in its air clean actions. Considering that NO2 is an important precursor of PM2.5 and O3, a comprehensive analysis around this pollutant was conducted based on the real-time-monitoring data from Jan 2018 to Mar 2019 in 11 prefecture-level cities in Shanxi Province of China. The results showed that the annual average concentration of NO2 in Shanxi prefecture-level cities is mainly distributed in the range of 28.84–48.93 μg/m3 with the values in five cities exceeding the Chinese Grade Ⅱ standard limit (40 μg/m3). The over-standard days were all concentrated in the heating season with a large pollution peak occurring in winter except in Lvliang, while four cities also had a small pollution peak in summer. High NO2 polluted areas were mainly concentrated in the central part of Shanxi, and trended on the whole from the southwest to the northeast (Lvliang/Linfen—Taiyuan/Jinzhong—Yangquan/Jinzhong), which was different from the spatial distribution of PM2.5 and O3. Lvliang was the hot spot of NO2 pollution in summer, while Taiyuan was the hot spot in winter. Concentration Weighted Trajectory (CWT) analysis indicated that central-north Shaanxi, central-south Shanxi, northern Henan, the south of Shijiazhuang and areas around Erdos in Inner Mongolia were important source areas of NO2 in Shanxi besides local emissions. Our findings are expected to provide valuable implications to policymakers in Shanxi of China to effectively abate the air pollution.

An analysis model of wind power consumption capacity is established with the multi-fractal theory. Firstly, the fluctuation characteristics of wind power are described through multi-fractal parameters, and the correlation between wind power fluctuation characteristics and consumption capacity are analyzed. Afterwards, the swinging door algorithm (SDA) is applied to divide the wind power curve in the evaluation period, and the fluctuation process with similar characteristics is clustered. Further, a functional analysis model to evaluate wind power consumption capacity is mentioned based on the fluctuation clustering results. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by an example of a regional power grid in China, and the influence of adjustable parameters in the model on the consumption capacity is quantitatively analyzed.

Gene copy number alterations, tumor cell stemness, and the development of platinum chemotherapy resistance contribute to high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) recurrence. Stem phenotypes involving Wnt-β-catenin, aldehyde dehydrogenase activities, intrinsic platinum resistance, and tumorsphere formation are here associated with spontaneous gains in Kras, Myc and FAK (KMF) genes in a new aggressive murine model of ovarian cancer. Adhesion-independent FAK signaling sustained KMF and human tumorsphere proliferation as well as resistance to cisplatin cytotoxicity. Platinum-resistant tumorspheres can acquire a dependence on FAK for growth. Accordingly, increased FAK tyrosine phosphorylation was observed within HGSOC patient tumors surviving neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Combining a FAK inhibitor with platinum overcame chemoresistance and triggered cell apoptosis. FAK transcriptomic analyses across knockout and reconstituted cells identified 135 targets, elevated in HGSOC, that were regulated by FAK activity and β-catenin including Myc, pluripotency and DNA repair genes. These studies reveal an oncogenic FAK signaling role supporting chemoresistance.

Effect of intermediate annealing on the microstructure and properties of 5182 aluminum alloy sheet with full annealed state (5182-O) was investigated by means of optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and universal testing machine. The results indicate that compared with 5182-O sheet without intermediate annealing, 5182-O sheet with intermediate annealing possesses too fine grain size, intermetallic compounds not broken enough, larger size intermetallic particles, less dispersed phase. Yield strength and ultimate tensile strength, work hardening exponent and normal anisotropy of plastic strain ratio decrease but planner anisotropy of plastic strain ratio increases. The mechanical properties and forming ability of 5182-O aluminum alloy sheet and its microstructure are not improved significantly after intermediate annealing.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of using free gracilis muscle transfer along with the brachialis muscle branch of the musculocutaneous nerve to restore finger and thumb flexion in lower trunk brachial plexus injury according to an anatomical study and a case report. METHODS: Thirty formalin-fixed upper extremities from 15 adult cadavers were used in this study. The distance from the point at which the brachialis muscle branch of the musculocutaneous nerve originates to the midpoint of the humeral condylar was measured, as well as the length, diameter, course and branch type of the brachialis muscle branch of the musculocutaneous nerve. An 18-year-old male who sustained an injury to the left brachial plexus underwent free gracilis transfer using the brachialis muscle branch of the musculocutaneous nerve as the donor nerve to restore finger and thumb flexion. Elbow flexion power and hand grip strength were recorded according to British Medical Research Council standards. Postoperative measures of the total active motion of the fingers were obtained monthly. RESULTS: The mean length and diameter of the brachialis muscle branch of the musculocutaneous nerve were 52.66±6.45 and 1.39±0.09 mm, respectively, and three branching types were observed. For the patient, the first gracilis contraction occurred during the 4th month. A noticeable improvement was observed in digit flexion one year later; the muscle power was M4, and the total active motion of the fingers was 209°. CONCLUSIONS: Repairing injury to the lower trunk of the brachial plexus by transferring the brachialis muscle branch of the musculocutaneous nerve to the anterior branch of the obturator nerve using a tension-free direct suture is technically feasible, and the clinical outcome was satisfactory in a single surgical patient.

Dataflow model is adopted by several dataflow systems for its advantages of high parallel computing,pipeline processing and functional programming.In distributed dataflow systems and heterogeneous dataflow systems,due to the speed mismatch between the data production of data source operators and the data consumption of data sink operators,data could be delayed and operators could be idle.In order to support an efficient dataflow system,a dataflow cache system was desired to ensure efficient caching and movement of dataflow.Several distributed dataflow systems and distributed message queuing systems were analyzed,and the support degree of current message queuing system to data flow caching system was summarized.Finally,the cache technique was introduced,and the demands and research directions of future dataflow caching systems were analyzed.

OBJECTIVE:In gracilis functioning free muscle transplantation, the limited caliber of the dominant vascular pedicle increases the complexity of the anastomosis and the risk of vascular compromise. The purpose of this study was to characterize the results of using a T-shaped vascular pedicle for flow-through anastomosis in gracilis functioning free muscle transplantation for brachial plexus injury.METHODS:The outcomes of patients with brachial plexus injury who received gracilis functioning free muscle transplantation with either conventional end-to-end anastomosis or flow-through anastomosis from 2005 to 2013 were retrospectively compared. In the flow-through group, the pedicle comprised a segment of the profunda femoris and the nutrient artery of the gracilis. The recipient artery was interposed by the T-shaped pedicle.RESULTS:A total of 46 patients received flow-through anastomosis, and 25 patients received conventional end-to-end anastomosis. The surgical time was similar between the groups. The diameter of the arterial anastomosis in the flow-through group was significantly larger than that in the end-to-end group (3.87 mm vs. 2.06 mm, respectively, p

The key component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) controlling permeability, selectivity, and the speed of nucleocytoplasmic transport is an assembly of natively unfolded polypeptides, which contain phenylalanine-glycine (FG) binding sites for nuclear transport receptors. The architecture and dynamics of the FG-network have been refractory to characterization due to the paucity of experimental methods able to probe the mobility and density of the FG-polypeptides and embedded macromolecules within intact NPCs. Combining fluorescence polarization, super-resolution microscopy, and mathematical analyses, we examined the rotational mobility of fluorescent probes at various locations within the FG-network under different conditions. We demonstrate that polarization PALM (p-PALM) provides a rich source of information about low rotational mobilities that are inaccessible with bulk fluorescence anisotropy approaches, and anticipate that p-PALM is well-suited to explore numerous crowded cellular environments. In total, our findings indicate that the NPC’s internal organization consists of multiple dynamic environments with different local properties.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are thought to exert their functions by modulating the expression of hundreds of target genes and each to a small degree, but it remains unclear how small changes in hundreds of target genes are translated into the specific function of a miRNA. Here, we conducted an integrated analysis of transcriptome and translatome of primary B cells from mutant mice expressing miR-17~92 at three different levels to address this issue. We found that target genes exhibit differential sensitivity to miRNA suppression and that only a small fraction of target genes are actually suppressed by a given concentration of miRNA under physiological conditions. Transgenic expression and deletion of the same miRNA gene regulate largely distinct sets of target genes. miR-17~92 controls target gene expression mainly through translational repression and 5'UTR plays an important role in regulating target gene sensitivity to miRNA suppression. These findings provide molecular insights into a model in which miRNAs exert their specific functions through a small number of key target genes.