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Rural financial development has played a vital role in the process of agricultural economic growth. This article explores the relationship between rural financial development and agricultural economic growth by utilizing China’s time series data from 1978 to 2011. The empirical result shows that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between China’s rural financial development and agricultural economic growth, and the rural financial development has a negative effect on agricultural economic growth. RFD is the Granger Cause of AEG in 10% significance level. Based on these empirical results, some rural financial service policies have also been proposed so as to ensure the smooth running of the rural economy.

Objectives: To develop a robust algorithm for estimating ultrasonic axial transmission velocity from neonatal tibial bone, and to investigate the relationships between ultrasound velocity and neonatal anthropometric measurements as well as clinical biochemical markers of skeletal health. Methods: This study presents an unsupervised learning approach for the automatic detection of first arrival time and estimation of ultrasonic velocity from axial transmission waveforms, which potentially indicates bone quality. The proposed method combines the ReliefF algorithm and fuzzy C‐means clustering. It was first validated using an in vitro dataset measured from a Sawbones phantom. It was subsequently applied on in vivo signals collected from 40 infants, comprising 21 males and 19 females. The extracted neonatal ultrasonic velocity was subjected to statistical analysis to explore correlations with the infants' anthropometric features and biochemical indicators. Results: The results of in vivo data analysis revealed significant correlations between the extracted ultrasonic velocity and the neonatal anthropometric measurements and biochemical markers. The velocity of first arrival signals showed good associations with body weight (ρ = 0.583, P value <.001), body length (ρ = 0.583, P value <.001), and gestational age (ρ = 0.557, P value <.001). Conclusion: These findings suggest that fuzzy C‐means clustering is highly effective in extracting ultrasonic propagating velocity in bone and reliably applicable in in vivo measurement. This work is a preliminary study that holds promise in advancing the development of a standardized ultrasonic tool for assessing neonatal bone health. Such advancements are crucial in the accurate diagnosis of bone growth disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the efficiency of credit allocation among various types of banks in China. Seven different varieties of Chinese banks' performance are examined from 2011 to 2021. We introduce a novel hybrid pseudo‐Malmquist–Grey–TOPSIS model that effectively addresses the need for integrating uncertainty and heuristics in relocation decision‐making. Our analysis reveals that the Joint‐Stock Commercial Bank demonstrates superior performance in terms of credit allocation efficiency. In contrast, rural commercial banks exhibit suboptimal performance when it comes to credit allocation convenience, indicating the importance of prudent credit risk management for this category of banks. It is important to note that the loan allocation performance of each bank category is primarily influenced by the distinct characteristics associated with that specific bank type. However, it is crucial to understand that the success of each bank category's frontier, regardless of its quality, should not be considered a causative determinant of the overall performance of such types of banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arundo donax is widely used as an ornamental plant in landscape gardening because of its adaptability to varying degrees of waterlogged conditions. However, to date, little information is available about the adaptive mechanism of A. donax under waterlogging stress. The results showed that long-term mild waterlogging efficiently induced the formation of adventitious roots (ARs) and further promoted root aerenchyma development, and that the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT) in Ars also was greatly enhanced after waterlogging. At the transcriptomic level, the expression of genes related to apoptosis, the regulation of cell division, ethylene biosynthesis, alginate synthesis, auxin signaling pathways, and anaerobic respiration was mostly up-regulated after the occurrence of waterlogging stress but genes involved in the abscisic acid signaling pathways were partly down-regulated, which indicated a preferential and favorable transcriptional response in regulating adventitious root development. Taken together, this study definitely advances our knowledge of the morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic responses of A. donax under waterlogging stress and sheds new lights on its adaptive mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]