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This work presents the development of the translation component in a multistage, multilevel, multimode, multilingual and dynamic deliberative (M4D2) system, built to facilitate automated moderation and translation in the languages of five European countries: Italy, Ireland, Germany, France and Poland. Two main topics were to be addressed in the deliberation process: (i) the environment and climate change; and (ii) the economy and inequality. In this work, we describe the development of neural machine translation (NMT) models for these domains for six European languages: Italian, English (included as the second official language of Ireland), Irish, German, French and Polish. As a result, we generate 30 NMT models, initially baseline systems built using freely available online data, which are then adapted to the domains of interest in the project by (i) filtering the corpora, (ii) tuning the systems with automatically extracted in-domain development datasets and (iii) using corpus concatenation techniques to expand the amount of data available. We compare our results produced by the domain-adapted systems with those produced by Google Translate, and demonstrate that fast, high-quality systems can be produced that facilitate multilingual deliberation in a secure environment.

In order to solve the problem of heat dissipation of permanent magnet synchronous motors, a technology using the principle of nanofluid electrochemistry is proposed. The main content of this technology is based on the characteristics and applications of nanofluids; according to the experimental system, the preparation and experimental parameters of nanofluids were determined; finally, by studying the influence of ultrasonic oscillation time and dispersant on the stability of nanofluids, it was concluded that the improvement of the thermal conductivity of nanofluids contributed to the improvement of the heat transfer rate of nanofluids. Experimental results show that when the volume fraction is 0.5, the increase rate of thermal conductivity is 1.51, the increase rate of convective heat transfer coefficient is 20.33, and the increase rate of convective heat transfer coefficient is greater than that of thermal conductivity, which shows that nanofluids have very good heat dissipation ability. It is proved that the technical research of nanofluid can meet the heat dissipation requirements of a permanent magnet synchronous motor.

Abstract Background The aims of the study were to determine the effects of electronic exposure on behaviors of preschoolers, which could provide scientific grounds to the control of digital screen time and usage of electronics. Methods Children of 3–6 years of age (n = 1897) and their families were included in this study. The daily screen time were recorded for seven days. Children were grouped based on daily screen time of 60 min. Socio-demographic characteristics of the children were acquired by parental questionnaires. Analyses were made based on the CBCL/1.5–5 results. Chi-square test, t-test and Nonparametric correlation analyses were used to determine the correlation between strength, direction and significance of the relations between the variables. Rates of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) of children in two groups were compared using χ2 test. Results Our results indicate that screen time is closely correlated with gender of children, household location, maternal education. We observed that preschoolers with screen time of > 60 min tend to have more behavioral problems than those with screen time of

Nowadays, the object detection techniques have been developed rapidly for different applications, ranging from remote sensing to autonomous vehicles. We demonstrate identification of object open angle and direction using machine learning (ML) algorithms based on received light beam's intensity profiles. Compared with previous optical orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) spectrum system and other related works, our proposed technique only uses a single-shot image, and can efficiently reduce the complexity of hardware implementation. Specifically, we verify the reliability of the simulation results experimentally for 14 open angles and 32 directions. Experimental result shows that convolutional neural network (CNN) outperforms the other traditional ML algorithms, such as decision tree (DT), k-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN), and support vector machine (SVM). As one of the variant of CNN, MobileNet (MN) has relatively simplified iteration algorithm than VGG-like net. It reduces the computational power, while still maintaining high accuracy for identification issues.

Beams carrying orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) have gained much interest due to their unique amplitude and phase structures. In terms of communication systems, each of the multiple independent data-carrying beams can have a different OAM value and be orthogonal to all other beams. This paper will describe the use of multiplexing and the simultaneous transmission of multiple OAM beams for enhancing the capacity of communication systems. We will highlight the key advances and technical challenges in the areas of (a) free-space and fiber communication links, (b) mitigation of modal coupling and channel crosstalk effects, (c) classical and quantum systems, and (d) optical and radio frequency beam multiplexing.

In fission yeast, Erh1, ortholog of human ERH, interacts with the YTH family RNA binding protein Mmi1 to form the Erh1-Mmi1 complex (EMC), which has been implicated in gene silencing. Here, the authors present the cocrystal structure of Erh1 homodimers interacting with Mmi1 and further characterise the role of EMC in facultative heterochromatin assembly and gene silencing.

Every day, more people are becoming infected and dying from exposure to COVID-19. Some countries in Europe like Spain, France, the UK and Italy have suffered particularly badly from the virus. Others such as Germany appear to have coped extremely well. Both health professionals and the general public are keen to receive up-to-date information on the effects of the virus, as well as treatments that have proven to be effective. In cases where language is a barrier to access of pertinent information, machine translation (MT) may help people assimilate information published in different languages. Our MT systems trained on COVID-19 data are freely available for anyone to use to help translate information (such as promoting good practice for symptom identification, prevention, and treatment) published in German, French, Italian, Spanish into English, as well as the reverse direction.

A single-end adaptive-optics (AO) module is experimentally demonstrated to mitigate the emulated atmospheric turbulence effects in a bi-directional quantum communication link, which employs orbital angular momentum (OAM) for data encoding. A classical Gaussian beam is used as a probe to detect the turbulence-induced wavefront distortion in the forward direction of the link. Based on the detected wavefront distortion, an AO system located on one end of the link is used to simultaneously compensate for the forward and backward channels. Specifically, with emulated turbulence and when the probe is turned on, the mode purity of photons carrying OAM l=1 is improved by ~ 21 % with AO mitigation. We also measured the performance when encoding data using OAM {l=-1,+2} and {l=-2,+1} in the forward and backward channels, respectively, at 10 Mbit/s per channel with one photon per pulse on average. For this case, we found that the AO system could reduce the turbulence effects increased quantum-symbol-error-rate (QSER) by ~ 76 % and ~ 74 %, for both channels in the uni-directional and bi-directional cases, respectively. Similar QSER improvement is observed for the opposite direction channels in the bi-directional case.

We demonstrate all-optical division and multiplication of the state order ℓ for data-carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams. We use linear optical transformations between log-polar and Cartesian coordinates to: (i) divide the OAM state order to convert the OAM order from 2ℓ to ℓ (ℓ = −5, −4, …, +4, +5), and (ii) multiply the OAM state order from ℓ to 2ℓ. We analyze the OAM mode purity and the bit-error-rate performance of a classical two-mode OAM multiplexed link for the case of division and multiplication of the OAM state order. The experimental mode purity for halving and doubling OAM state order can reach around 87% and 40%, respectively. We further study the dependence of the OAM mode purity on the displacement of SLMs in simulation. The obtained results show that the transformation for doubling the OAM state order is more sensitive to the increase of the displacement than that for halving the OAM state order. The link bit error rates are below the forward error correction threshold of 3.8 × 10−3 for both channels.

To improve the economic efficiency and stability of microgrid operation, this study proposes an enhanced sparrow search algorithm (ESSA) for optimizing the economic dispatch (ED) in isolated microgrids. First, an elite opposition-based learning strategy is incorporated to mitigate the issue of premature convergence observed in SSA. Furthermore, an elite guidance mechanism and adaptive t disturbance are utilized to overcome the drawbacks of SSA, including low convergence accuracy and susceptibility to local optima. Finally, ESSA, along with five state-of-the-art swarm intelligence algorithms, is applied to address the microgrid economic dispatch problems in two representative climate scenarios. The experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of ESSA compared to the other five algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]