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Objective To evaluate the levels of YKL40, IL-6(interleukin-6), IL-8(interleukin-8), IL-10(interleukin-10), TNF-a (tumor necrosis factor-α) in OSAS (obstructive sleep apnea syndrome )children and explore the mechanism of YKL40 promoting inflammatory factors overexpression in tonsils. Methods qPCR and ELISA were used to identify the expression of YKL40, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-a in the tonsils of OSAS children. Primary tonsil lymphocytes (PTLCs) were cultured and recombinant human YKL40(rhYKL40)was used to stimulate PTLCs in different concentrations and time points. The activation of NF-κb in PTLCs was observed by western blotting. Results Relative mRNA of YKL40, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α was overexpression in OSAS-derived tonsil tissue and the levels of YKL40, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α increased in OSAS-derived tonsil protein supernatant.The relative mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were increased under the treatment of YKL40 (100 ng/mmol for 24h). The phosphorylation of NF-κb p65 was stimulated in the process. Conclusion The levels of YKL40, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α increased in OSAS children, and YKL40 may promote the overexpression of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in PTLCs via NF-κb pathway. This result indicates that inflammation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of OSAS in children. Inhibition of YKL40 may have a potential therapeutic target for YKL40-induced inflammation in pediatric OSAS.

The typical characteristic of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is systemic inflammation and adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH), but the inflammatory markers and mechanism of adenotonsillar proliferation are unclear.IHC, qPCR, and western blotting were used to identify the expression of CHI3L1 in the tonsils of children with OSAS. The primary tonsil lymphocytes (PTLCs) from children with OSAS were cultured and recombinant human CHI3L1 protein was added to culture media. After the stimulation with CHI3L1 protein of different concentrations and time points, lymphocyte proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 kits and flow cytometry. The activation of ERK1/2 and the effects on the proliferation of PTLCs were observed by western blotting.The expression of CHI3L1 was higher in the OSAS group than in the PS group. CHI3L1 (100 ng/mmol for 24 h) resulted in a significant increase in the proliferation rate. The ERK1/2 activator (PMA) promoted the proliferation of PTLCs and inhibitor AG126 significantly inhibited proliferation.CHI3L1 can promote the proliferation of tonsil lymphocytes via ERK1/2 pathways. This result indicates that CHI3L1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of OSAS in children. Inhibition of CHI3L1 or ERK1/2 may be potential therapeutic targets for CHI3L1-induced proliferation in childhood OSAS.CHI3L1 may be an inflammatory marker in childhood OSAS. CHI3L1 can promote the proliferation of PTLCs in a concentration and time-dependent condition. CHI3L1 can promote the proliferation of tonsil lymphocytes via ERK1/2 pathways.

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs implicated in the development of many malignancies, including gastric cancer (GC). Herein, we investigated the functions and molecular mechanisms of non-coding RNA activated by DNA damage (NORAD) in GC. Methods: NORAD expression at the mRNA levels was determined by qRT-PCR assay. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion was detected by CCK-8 assay, in vivo tumor formation assay and Transwell assay. NORAD location was detected by nucleocytoplasmic fractionation assay. The interaction between NORAD and miR-204-5p/KMT2D axis was verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and RIP assay. Results: NORAD was upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines. NORAD silencing repressed cell proliferation and G2/M cell cycle transition in GC. NORAD could act as a ceRNA of miR-204-5p and regulate KMT2D expression. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that NORAD played as an oncogene in GC, which might provide a new therapeutic target for the disease.

Accurate battery state of charge (SOC) estimation can reflect the endurance of power batteries, which plays an important role in the battery management system (BMS). The extended Kalman filter (EKF) estimation of SOC is easily affected by the noise of sampling voltage and current, and there are problems such as low estimation accuracy and easy divergence. This paper adopts the improved EKF to estimate SOC recursively, and the estimation accuracy is improved. Firstly, the second-order RC equivalent circuit model of the battery is established, and then the pulse discharge test is performed to identify the parameters of the model. Finally, simulation verification is carried out based on the discharge conditions of the lithium-ion battery. The results show that improved EKF has better convergence and lower error than EKF, and the average absolute error is less than 0.01.

To solve the problem of low equalization or discharge efficiency, and improve the poor equalization effect due to large dispersion of individual batteries in the discharge process of redundancy equalization, a pre-equalization strategy of redundancy equalization based on K-means clustering analysis was proposed in this paper. According to this strategy, the battery pack can be divided into three classes, that is, high power type, medium power type, and low power type, which are then used as the foundation to achieve the charge and discharge between implementation classes based on Buck - Boost circuit. Compared with the traditional maximum-power battery which discharges to the minimum-power one, this strategy uses a type of battery as the balance standard, improves the balance of the efficiency of the pre-balanced adjustment battery discrete degree. At the same time, appropriate limitation is applied to the number of access to the battery to reduce the size of the equilibrium current, thereby reducing the power consumption. The simulation results of MATLAB/Simulink show that, under the condition of small battery quantity and large discrete degree of individual battery, the pre-equalization speed following clustering strategy is 4 times higher than that of traditional pre-equalization, which greatly improves the efficiency of pre-equalization, and shows certain practical value.

The redundant equalization system of lithium battery pack is generally implemented based on metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET). During the working process, the temperature of the MOSFET will be very high, resulting in energy waste. In order to reduce the waste, this paper proposes a power supply system for electric bicycles taillights similar to uninterruptible power supply based on thermoelectric power generation. Using thermoelectric power generation technology and referring to the design concept of uninterruptible power supply system, the power supply system called SUPS is designed. It is based on LTC3108 and STM32F407 chips. The experimental results show that SUPS can ensure the normal use of taillights and effectively use the MOSFET heating energy. The design idea of SUPS can also be used in other occasions with temperature difference energy but no suitable load to directly use it. It has reference value for the design of the system in similar scenarios.

Ultrasound is widely used in water and wastewater treatment. However, the influence of ultrasound on the composition and structure of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and consequently its behaviors is still unclear. In this study, the changes in proton and metal binding moieties in DOM caused by ultrasound at an environmentally relevant concentration (about 5 mg·L−1) were investigated using spectrophotometric titrations. The amounts of carboxylic and phenolic-like groups in DOM before and after ultrasound were quantified by the spectral parameter, Dslope350-400 (the differential slope of the Log-transformed DOM absorbance in the wavelength region of 350–400 nm) in combination with the non-ideal competitive adsorption (NICA) model. The results demonstrate that the concentration of carboxylic-like sites decreased with an increase in the ultrasound intensity at the same reaction time. However, the concentration of phenolic-like sites increased with an increase in the ultrasound intensity in most cases. The amounts of bound metal Ca(II) and Al(III) ions decreased with an increase of the ultrasound intensity due to the reduction of available total binding sites (carboxylic-like and phenolic-like groups) in the DOM after ultrasound. This study provides detailed in-situ information concerning the changes in the properties and behaviors of DOM in ultrasound, which would be useful to understand in more detail and to optimize the utility of ultrasound in water and wastewater treatment.

Sai Cao,1,* Guohao Chen,2,* Liumei Yan,3,* Libo Li,2 Xianying Huang4 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 510515, China; 2Department of General Surgery, Dongguan People’s Hospital, Dongguan 523000, China; 3Department of Gastroenterology, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou 543000, China; 4Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 510515, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: Accumulating evidence demonstrates that circRNAs regulate diverse cellular processes and cancer progression. However, it remains unclear whether circRNAs play any functional role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Materials and methods: The significance of circRNA_100876 in ESCC was analyzed by studying circRNA_100876 expression in ESCC tissues and the association between circRNA_100876 expression and clinicopathologic parameters. The biological effects of circRNA_100876 knockdown by lentivirus-mediated siRNAs on cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and migration were investigated in vitro and in vivo.Results: CircRNA_100876 expression was upregulated (P

A carbonate oilfield in the Middle East carries out the mixed water injection of produced water and fresh water, after 1 year of its rapid exploration. The injected water is highly corrosive, with high salinity, high chloride concentration and high hydrogen sulfide. Recently, there are dozens of corrosion perforations on L80 tubing in injectors within 2 years in the field and the corrosion rate reaches 3.6 mm/a. After the tubing leaks, the injected water enters into the annulus between the tubing and casing, which causes casing corrosion, damages the well integrity, and greatly influences the field production. In this paper, the causes for such rapid tubing corrosion failure are investigated by using optical metallographic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) X-ray diffraction (XRD), and combined with the weight loss and bacteria testing. Firstly, test the element composition of the L80 tubing to verify the tubing quality. Secondly, conduct the corrosion experiments of H2S and dissolved oxygen. Thirdly, analyze the morphology and corrosion product composition of failure tubing. The results indicate that the failed L80 tubing material meets the requirements of API SPEC 5CT-2011 standard. The localized corrosion rate of L80 is 0.293~0.697 mm/a at whole well depth in the simulated injection water. Bacteria were detected in both the injected water and the corrosion products of the failed tubing. In addition, the corrosion products of failed tubing are mainly FeS, CaCO3 and Fe3O4, which indicates that the synergistic effect of microbiologically influenced corrosion and under-deposited corrosion promote the perforation of tubing. Then the corrosion prevention strategy of UHMWPE lined tubing was proposed. UHMWPE lined tubing has been applied in nine water injectors. After one year and a half, one of the water injector’s UHMWPE lined tubing has been detected, no corrosion perforations observed, and the scale deposition became slightly. This case provides useful practical experience for corrosion prevention of high salinity and high acid injection well in carbonate oilfields.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a novel training-responding controlling approach for human–robot interaction. The approach is inspired by the processes of muscle memory and conditioned reflex. The approach is significant for dealing with the problems of robot’s redundant movements and operator’s fatigue in human–robot interaction system. Design/methodology/approach This paper presented a directional double clustering algorithm (DDCA) to achieve the training process. The DDCA ensured that the initial clustering centers uniformly distributed in every desired cluster. A minimal resource allocation network was used to construct a memory responding algorithm (MRA). When the human–robot interaction system needed to carry out a task for more than one time, the desired movements of the robot were given by the MRA without repeated training. Experimentally demonstrated results showed the proposed training-responding controlling approach could successfully accomplish human–robot interaction tasks. Findings The training-responding controlling approach improved the robustness and reliability of the human–robot interaction system, which presented a novel controlling method for the operator. Practical implications This approach has significant commercial applications, as a means of controlling for human–robot interaction could serve to point to the desired target and arrive at the appointed positions in industrial and household environment. Originality/value This work presented a novel training-responding human-robot controlling method. The human-robot controlling method dealt with the problems of robot’s redundant movements and operator’s fatigue. To the authors’ knowledge, the working processes of muscle memory and conditioned reflex have not been reported to apply to human-robot controlling.

Significant spatial variability of water fluxes may exist at the water-sediment interface in river channels and has great influence on a variety of water issues. Understanding the complicated flow systems controlling the flux exchanges along an entire river is often limited due to averaging of parameters or the small number of discrete point measurements usually used. This study investigated the spatial pattern of the hyporheic flux exchange across a river transect in China, using the heat tracing approach. This was done with measurements of temperature at high spatial resolution during a 64-h monitoring period and using the data to identify the spatial pattern of the hyporheic exchange flux with the aid of a one-dimensional conduction-advection-dispersion model (VFLUX). The threshold of neutral exchange was considered as 126 L m−2 d−1 in this study and the heat tracing results showed that the change patterns of vertical hyporheic flux varied with buried depth along the river transect; however, the hyporheic flux was not simply controlled by the streambed hydraulic conductivity and water depth in the river transect. Also, lateral flow dominated the hyporheic process within the shallow high-permeability streambed, while the vertical flow was dominant in the deep low-permeability streambed. The spatial pattern of hyporheic exchange across the river transect was naturally controlled by the heterogeneity of the streambed and the bedform of the stream cross-section. Consequently, a two-dimensional conceptual illustration of the hyporheic process across the river transect is proposed, which could be applicable to river transects of similar conditions.

Film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) is widely-used as RF filter or sensor due to its high frequency and Q-factor. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of FBAR as flexible magnetic sensors, like sticker. The proposed Sensor has a ZnO piezoelectric sandwich structure with magnetostrictive nickel (Ni) electrodes on the Polyimide (PI) substrate. The characteristics of the magnetic sensors have been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The testing results show its sensitivity is about 100Hz/Gs.

The corrosion inhibition of oleic-based imidazoline (OIM) and sodium benzoate (SB) on mild steel in a CO2-saturated solution was studied using a weight-loss method and a potentiodynamic polarization technique. The dependence of the impendence response on the immersion time (within 1 h) in the inhibited solution was measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that OIM can protect mild steel from CO2 corrosion to some extent, and its inhibition can be strengthened by using it in combination with SB. The synergistic inhibition effect of OIM and SB is obvious. The EIS measurements reveal that when the immersion time is longer than 20 min, the charge transfer resistance value of the steel inhibited by OIM with SB is significantly higher than that of steel inhibited by OIM alone. The zero charge potentials of the steel in solution with and without OIM were also measured using EIS. Based on these results and an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, an adsorption model was proposed to elucidate the synergistic mechanism between OIM and SB.

The film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) is a widely-used MEMS device which can be used as a filter, or as a gravimetric sensor for biochemical or physical sensing. Current device architectures require the use of an acoustic mirror or a freestanding membrane and are fabricated as discrete components. A new architecture is demonstrated which permits fabrication and integration of FBARs on arbitrary substrates. Wave confinement is achieved by fabricating the resonator on a polyimide support layer. Results show when the polymer thickness is greater than a critical value, d, the FBARs have similar performance to devices using alternative architectures. For ZnO FBARs operating at 1.3–2.2 GHz, d is ~9 μm and the devices have a Q-factor of 470, comparable to 493 for the membrane architecture devices. The polymer support makes the resonators insensitive to the underlying substrate. Yields over 95% have been achieved on roughened silicon, copper and glass.

A new type of ultraviolet (UV) light sensor based on film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) is proposed. The new sensor uses gold and a thin n-type ZnO layer deposited on the top of piezoelectric layer of FBAR to form a Schottky barrier. The Schottky barrier's capacitance can be changed with UV light, resulting in an enhanced shift in the entire FBAR's resonant frequency. The fabricated UV sensor has a 50 nm thick n-ZnO semiconductor layer with a carrier concentration of ~ 1017 cm−3. A large frequency downshift is observed when UV light irradiates the FBAR. With 365 nm UV light of intensity 1.7 mW/cm2, the FBAR with n-ZnO/Au Schottky diode has 250 kHz frequency downshift, much larger than the 60 kHz frequency downshift in a conventional FBAR without the n-ZnO layer. The shift in the new FBAR's resonant frequency is due to the junction formed between Au and n-ZnO semiconductor and its properties changes with UV light. The experimental results are in agreement with the theoretical analysis using an equivalent circuit model of the new FBAR structure.

A novel flexible Film Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators (FBARs) based on ZnO/PET structure was fabricated without back-etch. The PET layer is applied as acoustic reflector and substrate of FBAR. It has 1.14GHz parallel resonant frequency, 1.229GHz series resonant frequency and about 150 Q factors. The FBARs acoustic impedance is improved by using harden metal Au instead of Al as the bottom electrodes. The ZnO/PET structure FBAR is also simulated by COSMOL to confirm its working mechanism.

The research of Li Na’s effect of the skill application in the Australia Open during 2013-2014 is analyzed by the means of literature analyzed and date statistic. The research through the statistical analysis of dynamic data on Li Na two Australian Open tennis technique, tactical index analysis, and learned that Li Na won the 2014 Australian Open tennis champion, who mainly the key technique, the tactical index is Second Serve Points Won, Average Second Serve Speed, Receiving Points Won, Winners and Double Faults. These five indicators obviously advantage, which is significant differences with rivals.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous noncoding RNAs, about 22 nucleotides in length, that mediate post-transcriptional gene silencing by annealing to inexactly complementary sequences in the 3'-untranslated regions of target mRNAs. Our current understanding of the functions of miRNAs relies mainly on their tissue-specific or developmental stage-dependent expression and their evolutionary conservation, and therefore is primarily limited to their involvement in developmental regulation and oncogenesis. Of more than 300 miRNAs that have been identified, miR-1 and miR-133 are considered to be muscle specific. Here we show that miR-1 is overexpressed in individuals with coronary artery disease, and that when overexpressed in normal or infarcted rat hearts, it exacerbates arrhythmogenesis. Elimination of miR-1 by an antisense inhibitor in infarcted rat hearts relieved arrhythmogenesis. miR-1 overexpression slowed conduction and depolarized the cytoplasmic membrane by post-transcriptionally repressing KCNJ2 (which encodes the K(+) channel subunit Kir2.1) and GJA1 (which encodes connexin 43), and this likely accounts at least in part for its arrhythmogenic potential. Thus, miR-1 may have important pathophysiological functions in the heart, and is a potential antiarrhythmic target.

This study investigated the separation of the effective compositions containing quercetin derivatives from the leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatun by solvent extraction of methanol, polar adsorption by porous polymetric resins, mixed solvent extraction of methanol with chloroform and polyamide chromatography. The results indicated that the yield of product containing 51.23% quercetin in the form of quercetin derivatives was 0.2% (W/W). Through the NMR, Mass spectrum, Infrared spectrum, we try to identify the chemical structure of the flavonoids LEF. As a result we can conclude that the chemical structure of the flavonoids from the leaves of Bryophy Ilum pinnatum is C26H28O15 (quercetin3-alpha-L-rha-beta-D-xyl), molecular weight is 580.