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BACKGROUND Pneumoperitoneum is commonly used in laparoscopic gynecological surgery. This study investigated the effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum pressure on ovarian function following laparoscopic surgery in infertile women. METHODS A total of 424 infertile patients were allocated to 4 groups according to different CO2 pneumoperitoneum pressures undergo laparoscopic surgery. Complications and the levels of serum estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were observed and measured. Ovarian function was also evaluated by using mean ovarian volume, maximal ovarian volume, mean follicle number, and maximal follicle diameter. RESULTS A total of 118 cases were included and their data were retrospectively analyzed. Complications were observed in all groups with the highest incidence in participants receiving 15-16 mmHg CO2. Pneumoperitoneum increased the levels of E2, FSH, and LH (P

As visual ergonomics of human-machine display interface is highly affected by aircraft cockpit's luminous environment, it is proved to be of great engineering application values to carry out visual simulation and its evaluation during the early aircraft design phase. In order to obtain visual effects of the cockpit interface in typical optical environments, eye modeling, which is based on biomedical characteristics of human eyes, combined with three-dimensional computer modeling and ray tracing, is adopted to visualize the real luminous environment by the simulation function of software OPTICS SPEOS CAA. With the visual simulation results, man-machine display interface of different optical conditions that affect visual ergonomics were tested by subjective evaluation with fuzzy mathematics, which revealed the overall impact of cockpit optical environment on visual ergonomics and led to countermeasures in forepart aircraft design.

According to combining of anthropometry and theoretical mechanics effectively, the biomechanical human model is built based on the typical operation postures of pilot. Through theoretical calculation and ergonomics analysis of the waist load influencing factors, arrive at the following conclusions: lumbar joint force is closely related to trunk angle; for seat operation, the trunk angle should be kept in −10°∼15° to reduce the lumbar load; there should not be excessive tension when body leans forward or excessive thrust when body leans backward; in order to alleviate the joint force and torque, the right-left manipulating forces should be as least as possible; the shorter operator has a smaller waist load under the same conditions. This paper verified the feasibility of the biomechanical human model based on the software JACK. For the model can reasonably describe the lumbar joint force conditions in various operation postures, it will offer a valuable reference for biomechanical analysis of pilot's working postures.