Search

Background:Systemic immune-inflammation (SII) has been identified as an independent prognostic factor for many types of cancer. However, there is controversy regarding the prognostic value of SII in assessing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) prognosis. Methods:In this study, we conducted a comprehensive search of the electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to March 21, 2023, to evaluate the prognostic value of SII in NSCLC. We calculated the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to assess the relationship between SII and overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS). Results: Our analysis included 32 studies involving 12,040 patients. The results showed that increased SII was significantly associated with poor OS (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.21-1.41; pConclusions:Our study demonstrates that high SII is a significant predictor of poor OS and PFS in NSCLC patients. Therefore, SII may serve as a useful tool to evaluate the prognosis of NSCLC and guide the development of treatment strategies.

Here, we built a setup that can optically trap single microcrystals (MCs) in solution, and determine the time-resolved multiband upconversion luminescence at a nanosecond timescale.

In lanthanide-sensitized upconversion (UC) nanomaterials, the typical sensitizer Yb3+ can significantly modulate the codoped activator (such as Er3+ ions) to generate multiband transitions.

Introduction The clinical evidence on dexmedetomidine (DEX) for postoperative pain scores and opioid consumption remains unclear in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Aim To evaluate whether DEX could reduce opioid consumption and pain control after LC. Material and methods A meta-analysis search of EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane CENTRAL databases was performed and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing DEX with control for adult patients undergoing LC were searched. The primary outcome was opioid consumption in the first 24 h after the operation. The secondary outcomes were the time of first request of analgesia, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores 24 h after the operation, the incidence of patients' need for rescue analgesics, opioid-related adverse effects, DEX-related adverse effects and other complications. Results There were fourteen aspects of twelve trials and 967 patients included in the analysis. DEX use significantly reduced the opioid consumption in the first 24 h after the operation (weighted mean difference (WMD), -19.17; 95% confidence interval (CI), -30.29 to -8.04; p = 0.0007), lengthened the time of first request of analgesia (WMD = 38.90; 95% CI: 0.88-76.93; p = 0.04) and lowered post-operative nausea or vomiting (PONV) (odds ratio (OR) = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.27-0.89; p = 0.02). Conclusions Intravenous DEX infusion significantly improved the duration of the analgesic effect and reduced postoperative opioid consumption. Moreover, lower incidence of post-operative nausea or vomiting was found in the DEX group.

Phenol, considered as a stable and refractory organic pollutant, has posed an increasing threat to the environment and human health. Herein, the ZnO was regulated with nano-biochar (CCNC) derived from cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). The CCNC/ZnO photocatalysts were fabricated via in situ precipitation and carbonization, in which CNCs served as both the templates and carbon source. Meanwhile, Zn2+ ions deposited on the surface of rod-like CNCs by electrostatic interaction. Subsequently, homogeneous dispersed ZnO nanoparticles were anchored onto the surface of CNCs, decreasing the ZnO nanoparticles size. As the CNCs transformed into CCNC, the resultant CCNC/ZnO photocatalysts demonstrated excellent degradation efficiency to phenol, corresponding to 99.8% within 90 min. Additionally, the CCNC/ZnO photocatalysts also displayed a satisfactory stability for five cycles without significant performance being decreased. The calculating and experimental results demonstrated that the conjugated graphitic structures of CCNC effectively reduced the band gap of ZnO from 3.26 to 2.96 eV. Besides, the CCNC remarkably promoted photogenerated electron-hole pairs separation and transfer, thereby improving the photodegradation efficiency for phenol. Furthermore, the efficiency for phenol photodegradation was comprehensively influenced by a combination of the ratio of photocatalyst, initial phenol concentration and catalyst dose, and pH value. This study broadened the application of CNCs in the field of photocatalysis, which provided a new perspective for the preparation of highly efficient photocatalysts using CNCs derived nano-biochar as a template and charge-transport pathway.

in this paper, the solubility of 7-azaindole was measured in nine pure solvents (ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, methanol, EA, acetone, acetonitrile, n-hexane, tetrahydrofuran, THF) as well as in...

Chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) photonic films with structure color were prepared by regulating the acid-to-pulp ratio (8:1, 10:1, and 12:1) and the hydrolysis temperature (45 °C and 60 °C). CNC prepared with a lower acid-to-pulp ratio and hydrolysis temperature obtained a higher aspect ratio, which made it easy for CNC to contact each other to produce chiral nematic structures and present iridescent film. The as-prepared CNC iridescent films can reflect natural light with a wavelength in the range of 360–695 nm. Consequently, the CNC films showed structural color of blue to orange, dependent on the acid hydrolysis conditions. The strategy presented herein paves the way for the simple and cost-efficient preparation of photonic materials with structural colors.

Sulfur dioxide, known as an environmental pollutant, produced during industrial productions is also a common food additive that is permitted worldwide. In living organisms, sulfur dioxide forms hydrates of sulfite (SO2·H2O), bisulfite (HSO3−) and sulfite (SO32−) under physiological pH conditions; these three exist in a dynamic balance and play a role in maintaining redox balance, further participating in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. On the basis of the differences in nucleophilicity between SO32− and HSO3−, for the first time, we built a mitochondrion-targeted dual-site fluorescent probe (Mito-CDTH-CHO) based on benzopyran for the highly specific detection of SO32− and HSO3− with two diverse emission channels. Mito-CDTH-CHO can discriminatively respond to the levels of HSO3− and SO32−. Besides, its advantages of low cytotoxicity, superior biocompatibility and excellent mitochondrial enrichment ability contribute to the detection and observation of the distribution of sulfur dioxide derivatives in living organisms as well as allowing further studies on the physiological functions of sulfur dioxide.

The solubility of 3-hydroxy-2-nitropyridine in ten pure solvents and two binary mixture solvents (tetrahydrofuran + n-hexane and tetrahydrofuran + isopropanol) was measured from 278.15 to 318.15 K. The solubility order in pure solvents was tetrahydrofuran > acetone > acetonitrile > ethyl acetate > methanol > ethanol ≈ n-propanol > isopropanol > water > n-hexane. We used two models to fit the monocomponent data and three binary mixed models to fit the binary mixture solvent. For the modified Apelblat model and λh model, the maximum average relative deviation (ARD) values were 1.16 and 1.52%, respectively, and the maximum root-mean-square deviation (rmsd) values were 1.61, and 1.53%, respectively. For the Apelblat–Jouyban–Acree model, Jouyban–Acree model, and van’t Hoff–Jouyban–Acree model, the maximum value of ARD is 3.69%, and the maximum value of rmsd is 0.48%. These models can fit the measured data well. We also discussed the effect of the interaction between solvent and solute on solubility. These expe...

Two types of nanocellulose (cellulose nanocrystals—CNCs and cellulose nanofibrils—CNFs) were isolated from two biomass resources. The morphology, crystallinity and thermal stability of the nanocelluloses were systematically compared in this paper. CNCs derived from rice straw (CNC-Rs) and poplar wood (CNC-Ps) by sulfuric acid hydrolysis had short rod-shaped structures and average diameters of 9.1 nm for CNC-Rs and 11.4 nm for CNC-Ps. CNFs derived from rice straw (CNF-Rs) and poplar wood (CNF-Ps) by grinding had web-network structures and average diameters of 13.3 nm for CNF-Rs and 18.5 nm for CNF-Ps. After freeze-drying, the CNCs and CNFs retained their nano structures. CNFs and CNC-Ps consisted of the typically pure cellulose I, while CNC-Rs consisted of cellulose I and II. The CrI of the nanocellulose followed the order of CNC-Ps (72.9%) > CNC-Rs (68.0%) > CNF-Ps (56.4%) > CNF-Rs (54.4%). The thermal stability of the nanocellulose was correlated with their source biomass materials and preparation method, which led to the differences in their dimensions, crystallinity, and sulfate groups. Nanocellulose isolated from poplar wood showed the slightly higher thermal stability than that of nanocellulose from rice straw. CNFs exhibited the higher thermal stability than that of CNCs. The apparent activation energy (E) was calculated to evaluate the degradation process. The nanocellulose had E of 85.17–101.98 kJ/mol for CNCs and 94.92–108.76 kJ/mol for CNFs.

In this paper, an effective method is proposed for improving the energy of the shock waves that are generated by plasma expanding outward and colliding with another gas. Silicon targets are used as the response medium with roughness of 2.3 nm, 457.8 nm, 1.1 µm, and 37.1 µm, respectively. A 532-nm-laser with a pulse duration of 8 ns and a repetition rate of 10 Hz is used as the irradiation source. An intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) is used to photograph the morphology of the shock waves. The time-resolved emission images of silicon plasma plumes are observed between 20–200 ns. As the surface roughness of the target increases, the intensity of the shock wave gradually increases, and the energy of the shock wave reaches up to 39.45 mJ at a roughness of 37.1 µm.

To analyze the clinical characteristics and related influencing factors of carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) in patients with artificial airway and mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit (ICU), and provide theoretical basis for clinical prevention of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.The clinical data of patients with pulmonary infection of Klebsiella pneumoniae in ICU of Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2016 to December 2019 were collected. Compared CRKP pneumonia patients (study group) with carbapenem antibiotic sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae (CSKP) pneumonia patients (control group), the clinical characteristics [gender, age, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II), duration of mechanical ventilation, proportion of patients with mechanical ventilation10 days, use of antibiotics before detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae, white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), albumin, bedridden for more than 1 month before admission, 28-day mortality] were analyzed. The drug resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in both groups and difference of drug resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae to different antibiotics from 2016 to 2019 were compared. The risk factors of CRKP infection were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression, and the related drug resistance genes were detected.Compared with the control group, the study group was older [years old: 81.5 (72.0, 86.0) vs. 78.0 (71.0, 80.5)], APACHE II [point: 25.00 (20.00, 34.00) vs. 19.00 (14.00, 23.25)] and proportion of patients with mechanical ventilation10 days [63.2% (182/288) vs. 12.8% (10/78)], the use of β-lactamase inhibitor antibiotics before detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae [75.69% (218/288) vs. 30.77% (24/78)], the use of carbapenems [79.86% (230/288) vs. 41.03% (32/78)], the use of more than two kinds of antibiotics [80.90% (233/288) vs. 29.49% (23/78)], proportion of patients staying in bed for more than 1 month before admission [40.97% (118/288) vs. 11.54% (9/78)] and WBC [×10The occurrence of CRKP in ICU patients with artificial airway and mechanical ventilation is related to many factors. It is necessary to shorten the mechanical ventilation time, avoid the nonstandard use of carbapenem antibiotics, and improve the serum albumin level, so as to reduce the incidence of CRKP pneumonia and improve the prognosis of patients.

This study demonstrates manipulation of luminance from CaF2: Yb3+, Er3+ up-conversion (UC) micronano particles emissions and the fluorescence intensity improvement by using various surface plasmon resonance substrates which consist of SiO2, gold thin film, and nano cones from bottom to the top in the view of side structure. When they are applied, the optimum enhancement of the intensity of red up-conversion luminescence (UCL) peaked at 653 nm shows up to 189-fold. The distance dependent intensities of two UC micro-nano particles manipulated by holographic optical tweezers (HOT) are also illustrated in this article. The fluorescence intensities decrease when two UC micro-nano particles become near to the each other due to the inter-system transition at the much short distance.

The intestine, a high-turnover tissue, plays a critical role in regulating aging and health in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Maintaining the epithelial barrier function of the intestine by preserving innate immune homeostasis significantly delays aging and prevents mortality. In an effort to explore effective chemicals and materials that can improve intestinal integrity, we performed a nonbiased screen utilizing Drosophila as an animal model. We showed that long-term uptake of aspirin markedly prevented age-onset gut leakage, the over-proliferation of intestinal stem cells, and the dysbiosis of commensal microbiota in fruit flies. Mechanistically, aspirin efficiently downregulated chronic activation of intestinal immune deficiency signaling during aging. Furthermore, our in vivo and in vitro biochemical analyses indicated that aspirin is a negative modulator in control of the K63-linked ubiquitination of Imd. Our findings uncover a novel regulatory mechanism by which aspirin positively modulates intestinal homeostasis, thus delaying aging, in Drosophila.

Although nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanosheets of α-Fe2O3 on graphene sheets have been synthesized, it remains a challenge to grow 3D α-Fe2O3 nanomaterials with more sophisticated compositions and structures on the graphene sheets. Herein, we demonstrate a facile solvothermal route under controlled conditions to successfully fabricate 3D α-Fe2O3 hollow meso–microspheres on the graphene sheets (α-Fe2O3/RGO HMM). Attributed to the combination of the catalytic features of α-Fe2O3 hollow meso–microspheres and the high conductivity of graphene, α-Fe2O3/RGO HMM exhibited promising electrocatalytic performance as a counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The DSSCs fabricated with α-Fe2O3 HMM displayed high power conversion efficiency of 7.28%, which is comparable with that of Pt (7.71%).

Nanocrystalline cellulose and nano SiO 2 (NCC-SiO 2 ) hybrid colloid was synthesized by in situ polymerization using a template of NCC. The prepared NCC-SiO 2 hybrid colloid was then introduced to waterborne poly acrylic acid (PAA) coatings. NCC template could inhibit an aggregation of nano SiO 2 , leading to a uniform distribution of SiO 2 in PAA coatings. Furthermore, a formation of crosslink network of hydrogen bonding improved interfacial compatibility in a system of NCC, SiO 2 and PAA. Compared to the individual NCC and nano SiO 2 , NCC-SiO 2 hybrid colloid had an obvious improvement on the mechanical performance and the transmittance of waterborne PAA coatings. With 5 wt% NCC-SiO 2 hybrid colloid, PAA coating had maximum mechanical properties, with corresponding to 6H in hardness, and level-0 in adhesion, respectively. Moreover, PAA coatings with 5 wt% NCC-SiO 2 hybrid colloid had a higher transmittance of 41.8% at 390 nm.

The exploration of highly efficient and stable visible-light-driven photocatalysts remains a great challenge for organic pollutant management. Herein, a novel S-doped carbon nanosheet (SCN)/ZnO composite photocatalyst has been synthesized via a facile method using the freeze-drying cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as the carbon precursor. The surface morphology and chemical environment of SCNs can be regulated simultaneously with S-doping. Compared to the pristine carbonized CNCs (CN), the SCN carbonized at 550 °C (SCN-550) has regular nanosheet-like morphology, integrated graphitic structures (ID/IG of 0.692), rich surface heteroatoms (14.62 at% for O, 1.93 at% for S), and most content of oxidized-S atoms (100 at%). It endows the increased surface reactive sites (specific surface area of 45.55 m2 g−1), accelerated electron transfer, enhanced visible-light absorption, and prolonged carrier lifetime for the corresponding SCN-550/ZnO composite. Consequently, the SCN-550/ZnO shows an outstanding photocatalytic performance for methylene blue (99%). In addition, SCN-550/ZnO composite exhibits general application to organic contaminants, including phenol (91%), formaldehyde (92%), acetone (79%), and methyl alcohol (84%), respectively. Furthermore, the strong interaction of Zn–O–C covalent bond between SCN-550 and ZnO ensures the high photocatalytic activity of SCN-550/ZnO composite after four cycles, demonstrating its excellent reusability and stability. This study develops a highly efficient visible-light photocatalyst of CNCs derived S-doped carbon nanosheets supported ZnO for environment purification.

This study focused on the pretreatment with deep eutectic solvent of choline chloride (ChCl)/urea mixtures on rice straw and its chemical fractions of holocellulose, α-cellulose, and acid-insoluble-lignin (AIL). The pretreatment of ChCl/urea was significantly affected by the treated temperature prior to the treated time, and 130 °C and 4 h was an optimum condition for ChCl/urea pretreatment. The separation capacity of ChCl/urea on the chemical fractions was in an order of AIL (22.87%) > hemicellulose and amorphous cellulose (16.71%) > α-cellulose (9.60%). ChCl/urea had a higher selective solubility on lignin. The solubility of the whole fractionation of rice straw affected by ChCl/urea was a combination of solubilization on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. ChCl/urea pretreatment increased crystallinity index (CrI) of rice straw residue and α-cellulose, while had no obvious influence on CrI of holocellulose. The effect of structural properties of rice straw residue on enzymatic hydrolysis was also explored.

Manipulating functional stimuli-responsive materials has been a hot topic in the research of smart sensors and anticounterfeiting encryption. Here, a novel functional chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) film showing dual responsiveness to humidity and formaldehyde gas was fabricated. The chiral nematic CNC iridescent film could respond to environmental humidity and formaldehyde gas changes by reversible motion. Interestingly, the humidity sensitivity of the CNC iridescent film could be gated by exposing the film to formaldehyde gas. At the same time, the formaldehyde-responsive behavior is strongly affected by the relative humidity (RH), and the response range could be tuned by changing the RH over a wide range. Importantly, the formaldehyde-induced color change could be altered from invisible to visible by the naked eye when the film was exposed to a humid environment. The mechanism of this dual response of the CNC iridescent film is ascribed to the synergistic effect of cooperation and competition between water and formaldehyde molecules by constructing physical cross-linking networks by hydrogen bonds among water, formaldehyde, and CNCs. Furthermore, the "RH-concentration of formaldehyde gas-color" ternary colorimetric system was simulated, which is thought to endow the CNC iridescent film with great potential to act as a sensor in the convenient visible detection of gaseous formaldehyde. Furthermore, this work provided a promising strategy to design multi-gas-sensitive devices with convenient detection, good stability, and excellent reversibility.

Sulfur dioxide, known as an environmental pollutant, produced during industrial productions is also a common food additive that is permitted worldwide. In living organisms, sulfur dioxide forms hydrates of sulfite (SO

Fourier transform spectrometers (FTS), mostly working in infrared (IR) or near infrared (NIR) range, provide a variety of chemical or material analysis with high sensitivity and accuracy and are widely used in public safety, environmental monitoring and national border security, such as explosive detection. However, because of being bulky and expensive, they are usually used in test centers and research laboratories. Miniaturized FTS have been developed rapidly in recent years, due to the increasing demands. Using micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) micromirrors to replace the movable mirror in a conventional FTS system becomes a new realm. This paper first introduces the principles and common applications of conventional FTS, and then reviews various MEMS based FTS devices.

Although nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanosheets of α-Fe

Distribution of SP and NK-1R, especially NK-1R, in nasal mucosal tissue at contact point was higher compared with non-contact point. It was suggested that SP and NK-1R were associated with mucosal contact point headache.To observe difference of substance P (SP) and NK-1 receptor (NK-1R) expression in tissues at contact point and non-contact point among the patients with intranasal mucosal contact point headache and speculate the role of SP and NK-1R in mucosal contact point headache.SP and NK-1R in tissues of contact point and non-contact point among 40 patients with intranasal mucosal contact point headache were stained histologically by immunohistochemistry, and the mRNA level was detected by RT-PCR.SP was located in cytoplasm of acini epithelial cells, distributed in nasal mucosa tissues at both contact point and non-contact point. However, stain intensity was significantly increased at contact point (Z = -2.554, p0.05). NK-1R was located in the cytoplasm of acinar epithelial cells, inflammatory cells, and nerve fibers of contact point; only in cytoplasm of acinar epithelial cells and nerve fibers of non-contact point. Tinctorial rate of NK-1R increased significantly at contact point (χ(2) = 40.438, p0.01). mRNA level of SP and NK-1R was up-regulated in nasal mucosa at contact point compared with non-contact point.

The solubility of Progesterone at T = 278.15–323.15 K was measured by static equilibrium method combined with HPLC in twelve solvents (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, n-heptane, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, and toluene) and three binary solvents (tetrahydrofuran + n-heptane, 1,4-dioxane + n-heptane, and toluene + n-heptane). The results showed that progesterone has the highest solubility in toluene (0.2249 in mole fraction) and other low-dielectric constant solvents, and the smallest in n-heptane (1.120 × 10−4 in mole fraction). Moreover, the solubility increases as the temperature rise both in pure and mixed solvents. As expected, the DSC and XRDP results showed that there was no crystal form difference between the raw material and all the precipitate. Herein, the Modified Apelblat model, Buchowski-Ksiazaczak λh model, Jouyban-Acree model, CNIBS/R-K model, and SUN model were employed to fit the experimental data. As a result, the maximum RAD doesn't exceed 5.0%, and the maximum RMSD was less than 0.1%. Furthermore, we chose KAT-LSER model to explore the solubility of progesterone and the solute-solvent interaction relationships. The results showed that when hydrogen bond acidity and polarizability/dipolarity of solvents increases, the solubility of progesterone increases. Meanwhile, comparing the experimental data and the fitting results, it can be concluded that the experimental data was reliable and almost consistent with the fitting results. Furthermore, it also proved that the above mentioned five thermodynamic equations were advantageous and trustworthy.