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The article focuses on the significant impact of climate change on agriculture, particularly the relationship between agro meteorological factors and crop growth. It examines how shifts in temperature, precipitation, humidity, and extreme weather events influence various stages of crop development and plant physiology, as well as their susceptibility to pests and diseases. It also explores strategies for mitigating these effects through improved management of agro meteorological variables.

Introduction: Sex chromatin is a plano-convex to triangular DNA mass measuring approximately 1µm in size and lying adjacent to the inner side of nuclear membrane in the somatic cells of the females. There is consistent loss in the sex chromatin percentage in the carcinoma cases in comparison to benign lesions and normal individuals. Aim: To know the correlation between the sex chromatin status in female breast tumors on paraffin sections, buccal smears and peripheral blood films. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on the paraffin sections prepared from carcinoma breast patients from their lumpectomy and mastectomy specimens. Buccal smears and a peripheral blood films were also prepared from each patient. Discussion: The control group had shown a mean sex chromatin of 54.6±6.73% which was found to be similar to the mean sex chromatin percentage in the fibroadenoma breast cases i.e. 54.91±6.06%. However, the mean sex chromatin in the carcinoma breast cases was markedly reduced i.e. 8.22±6.03%. Maximum no. of fibroadenoma cases (67%) were in the younger age group i.e. 15 to 25 year, while maximum number of carcinoma breast cases (42%) occurred in the 4th and 5th decade. Conclusion: There is a loss of sex chromatin in cases of carcinoma breast and is associated with poor histological markers. A statistically significant correlation was also found between sex chromatin status and microscopic grading in carcinoma breast. The tumors with higher microscopic grade had lower sex chromatin as compared to those with lower microscopic grading.

Secondary malignancy of donor origin in the form of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) for beta thalassemia (BT) major, is exceedingly rare. A10 year old male child, the first and only product of non-consanguineous conception, was diagnosed with BT major at the age of 9 months when he had diarrhea and his parents (both of whom had thalassemia minor) noticed yellowing of the skin. Until the age of 10 years, he received regular blood transfusion and iron chelation, when the requirements got escalated and he consequently had to undergo myeloablative haploidentical HSCT from his mother. The post-transplant period was uneventful, and follow up with short tandem repeat chimerism analysis revealed complete donor chimerism on all occasions. Five years after the transplant, he developed fever with pancytopenia. Peripheral smear (PS) and bone marrow revealed blasts that were immunophenotypically precursor B-ALL. Cytogenetics revealed twenty diploid female metaphases with modal karyotype 46, XX[20], and again, complete donor chimerism was noted. Thus, a diagnosis of donor cell leukemia (DCL) was considered. Induction chemotherapy was initiated; however, the patient succumbed to systemic sepsis midway through induction therapy. No evidence of leukemia was noted in the patient's mother, who was followed up with PSs for 5 years. DCL has a poor prognosis. Greater understanding of the disease biology could allow for appropriate donor screening, notification and shielding the recipient from DCL and its grave consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Otomycosis is a term used to describe the epithelial infection caused by yeast and filamentous fungi, in the External Auditory Canal (EAC). It is one of the common infections seen in ENT OPD because of its prevalence in hot and humid climate. Due its high recurrence rate and different treatment modalities, it's important to come out with ideal treatment modality. Aim: To compare efficacy of 1% clotrimazole drops vs. 1% clotrimazole cream vs 10% povidoneiodine in the treatment of otomycosis. Materials and methods: Randomized control study was performed for 2 months on clinically diagnosed otomycosis patients. Total 60 patients were included in the study, which were randomly divided in 3 groups and treated by 1% clotrimazole drops, 1% clotrimazole cream and 10% povidoneiodine respectively. Patients were reviewed after 7 days on the basis of clinical response and symptoms of pain, ear blockage, pruritus and burning sensation. Results: After 7 days of treatment groups treated with 1 % clotimazole drops and cream had good response of 90% and 95% as compared to 10% povidone-iodine group which was 70%. Clotrimazole cream group had more ear blockage complain which was 75% and clotrimazole drops group had more burning sensation complain which was 55%. Conclusion: 1% clotrimazole drops and cream are equally effective in management of otomycosis but 10% povidone-iodine can be considered if patient has complain of ear blockage and burning sensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The use of alcohol during nighttime driving may affect recovery from glare leading to increased traffic accidents. Objective: To compare the glare recovery time in alcoholic versus non-alcoholic drivers. Materials and Methods: Alcoholic (n = 25) and non-alcoholic drivers (n = 25) were subjected to glare recovery test and they also filled a questionnaire about the nighttime driving. Results: The glare recovery time got prolonged in alcoholic drivers and they also complained of more problems during nighttime driving as compared to non-alcoholic drivers. Conclusions: The use of alcohol delays recovery from glare during nighttime driving. This can have considerable implications for developing countries in improving regulations for driving licensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steroid cell tumours of the ovary are uncommon sex- hormone secreting tumours characterized by a steroid cell proliferation. The incidence of steroid cell tumour of the ovary is only 0.1% of all ovarian tumours. As far as steroid cell tumours, not otherwise specified (NOS) is concerned; it constitutes about 56% of all steroid cell tumours. Here we present a case of 55-year-old, postmenopausal patient who presented with complaints of bleeding per vaginum and abdominal pain for last 3-4 months, with history of excessive hair growth since 3-4 years. Ultrasonography revealed a solid right ovarian mass with a possibility of ovarian sex cord tumour. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of steroid cell tumour NOS type with no cytological atypia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]