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Much scholarship on militarism examines the phenomenon itself rather than determinants of militaristic ideology. We designed and administered a survey to college students and created a Militaristic Ideology Index based on student perceptions of the "need" for increasing military spending, foreign interventions, economic sanctions and anticommunist interventionism. We then created an Imperialism Awareness Index that provides a measure of respondent knowledge of military spending levels, US interference in other countries' political systems and international response to US interventions. Using regression analysis, we examined the relationships between imperialism awareness and militarist ideology. We also investigated the relationship between the perception that mainstream media inform about the genuine motives behind US interventions and respondents' militarist ideology. We found that greater awareness of imperialism is inversely associated with militarism. Similarly, we found that greater trust in mainstream media outlets reporting on US foreign policy is positively associated with militarist ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multilevel research on whether and how contextual socioeconomic disadvantage affects adolescent suicidal behaviors is scarce. Using data from the first two waves (1994/95 and 1996) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 13,335; 49.63% girls; Mage = 15.02 years), this study examined (1) the association between area-level socioeconomic disadvantage and adolescent suicide attempts over and above individual-level socioeconomic factors, (2) the moderating role of gender, and (3) the mediating roles of contextually relevant stressors and available psychosocial resources. The results revealed that area-level socioeconomic disadvantage increased the risk of attempting suicide even after adjusting for individual-level socioeconomic status, especially for boys. Consistent with the stress process perspective, reports of exposure to violence and lack of safety explain this contextual effect. National suicidal behavior prevention strategies across the U.S. should recognize the strong association with the socioeconomic context, along with individual-level risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]