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Leech therapy is one of the popular treatment method adopted in Ayurveda hospitals. We have conducted a survey study to evaluate the method of collection; storage and maintenance of leeches. Data regarding the leech storage were collected from 31 Ayurveda hospitals, on the basis of a standardized questionnaire. All the responding hospitals practiced leech therapy, mostly with a storage setup in the minor OT. 68% procured leeches during rainy season from the leech suppliers. 42% responders used tap water and plastic jars for storage. 94% of Ayurveda hospitals did not subject the water used for storage of medicinal leeches for physiochemical and microbial parameters periodically. There is a need for breeding centers in order to supply of medicinal leeches throughout the year. There is a need for establishing national guidelines for good storage and maintenance of medicinal leeches in India.

The urgency of the study is stipulated by the importance of the European Court of Human Rights practice studying in order to determine the content of the rule of law principle. The purpose of the article is to elucidate the rule of law principle as a principle of criminal procedure by means of the European Court of Human Rights practice. The study is based on the paradigm of human rights priority over positive law and understanding of law, formed within the natural law school, distinguishing between law and the law, and judicial precedent, legal doctrine and principles of law are recognized as the forms of law. The study of the European Court of Human Rights practice led to the use of content analysis method and the hermeneutic method. The article clarifies that the pluralism of approaches to understanding the rule of law does not preclude the identification of ideas constituting the rule of law and are named in most of the rule of law theories, including the following: no one can be punished other than for a crime no one can be above the law, all people are equal before the law and the court court practice, disclosing the content of legal requirements, is a source of law it is substantiated that the provisions of the European Court of Human Rights on criminal proceedings reflect the commitment to democratic values, and their purpose is to ensure the rights and fundamental freedoms of subjects to criminal proceedings, prevent disproportionate interference with human rights by public authorities, and implement the rule of law principle. The materials of the article can be used to improve the public authoritys activities in the field of crime prevention through the implementation of the following areas: study of the European Court of Human Rights practice by crime prevention bodies constant monitoring of the European Court of Human Rights practice in order to improve national legislation. &nbsp

This paper is devoted to a conceptual analysis of the correlation of legal regulation and political violence in the social concept of global constitutionalism. Methodology: From the position of socio-philosophical methods of cognition of social reality and ideas reflecting it, to analyse the relationship and interdependence of the categories of political violence and legal regulation in the framework of the social concept of global constitutionalism. Results of the Research: It is shown the phenomenon of globalization of socio-political, state-legal and financial-economic development of national societies and states as a phenomenon of social reality, highlighted in the social concept of global constitutionalism. Novelty: In the article, authors: (1) identifies the signs of power through the prism of analysis of various concepts of power: classical; consensus; relational (resistance theory; theory of resource exchange; theory of partition of zones of influence); (2) explores the main forms of political violence used in political relations: legalized and unlawful; (3) an analysis is made of the forms of opposition of society to unlawful forms of political violence. This research deals with the theoretical content and socio-historical manifestations of the correlation of legal regulation and political violence in the social concept of global constitutionalism.

Rent-to-own scheme is one of the Islamic financing products which have been introduced based on the well-known and widely practiced Islamic concept of transaction, which is ijarah. The purpose of this concept paper is to explain the legal provisions that enable Islamic financial institutions to adopt rent-to-own; and to analyse the elements of ijarah as required by the Shariah are fulfilled in the rent-to-own scheme within the Malaysian context. Two legal issues were discussed, i.e., whether the Islamic banks are entitled to acquire the property and in the event of customer’s death, who shall continue paying the rent to the bank. Few decided cases were discussed in order to illustrate issues that could arise in relation to practical legal aspects of ijarah in Malaysia. This paper concludes that the rent-to-own scheme is in line with Shariah. The Bank Negara Malaysia has issued several guidelines and regulations to further ensure that it is Shariah-compliant. Therefore, such kind of scheme can be utilized by the community, particularly given the benefits or maslahah that it gives to the community.

In the present time the doctor has become more negligent in his occupation. The present law needs to be amended, for if the law is not rigid, the poorer and lower class people will die less than the illness, more than the negligence in curing the disease. There is currently more negligence in private hospitals, if the patient dies, the dead body is taken into custody, that the dead body will not be given to the body until full payment is made to the hospital. There is a need for unexpired investigation to be conducted and sent for examination in the hospital itself or to those concerned. If a patient has to undergo an examination at another centre, it is not accepted, and if a patient is admitted in the hospital, he may not be able to purchase the same medicine at his favorite store. Doctors are not at all familiar with the disease of the patients. The crimes which are currently being committed by medicine are called white pox crimes in the language of criminology, but it is defined as a separate offence by creating different methods. If a person contrasts his legal right under tort law, he can obtain compensation. The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 constituted consumer courts in which disputes are settled. At present, the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 has been replaced by the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 Medical is a service under the Consumer Protection Act as the doctor is a service provider and patients are a consumer who takes that service and, therefore, if there is any deficiency in service, the patient can obtain compensation by way of litigation in the consumer court under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019.

Communication plays a vital role in expressing one's feeling to another. People with vision and hearing impairment, find it difficult to communicate with one another. There are certain unique languages available for the deaf-blind people which includes tactile signing, Braille, moon etc. Among these methods, the most commonly preferred means of communication is Braille. Braille is a system developed to assist the visually and hearing-impaired person by creating arrangements of dots which form letters, numbers and punctuation marks. This paper proposes a communication device model which converts any alphanumeric English text to its corresponding Braille format that can be read by a Deaf-Blind person. An abled person can send a message to a Deaf-Blind person from his mobile phone. Once the message is received by the device, it starts converting the letters in the message to Braille format. The Braille characters are displayed one by one using a Braille display consisting of six vibration motors depicting the six dots in a Braille cell representation. The Deaf-Blind person can feel the characters by placing their palm on the Braille display unit. This paper also includes a vibration band model for the Deaf-Blind person, which acts as an indicator for an incoming message.

In β-thalassemia, point mutations in the β-globin gene are largely responsible for either decreased or no β-globin synthesis. The β-globin gene has three exons and two introns. The molecular characterization of β-thalassemia is absolutely necessary for carrier screening, for genetic counseling, and to offer prenatal diagnosis. The objective of the present study was to identify the rare mutations in β-globin gene of β-thalassemia patients. We have sequenced the entire β-globin gene in 36 clinically identified thalassemia patients from the Karnataka region using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Our analysis revealed 11 β-thalassemia variants. The most common being IVSII-16 G>C, IVSI-5G>C, IVSII-74 T>G, codon 3 (T>C), and Poly A site (T>C). In addition, we have also documented a novel deletion at codon 6 (-CT) (HBB:c.16delCT). These data are useful in future molecular screening of the population for implementing a thalassemia prevention and control program. Further it is found that family studies and comprehensive hematological analyses would provide useful insights for accurate molecular diagnosis of thalassemia phenotype and offers an interesting subject for further investigations in the Indian populations.

The Siddis (Afro-Indians) are a tribal population whose members live in coastal Karnataka, Gujarat, and in some parts of Andhra Pradesh. Historical records indicate that the Portuguese brought the Siddis to India from Africa about 300-500 years ago; however, there is little information about their more precise ancestral origins. Here, we perform a genome-wide survey to understand the population history of the Siddis. Using hundreds of thousands of autosomal markers, we show that they have inherited ancestry from Africans, Indians, and possibly Europeans (Portuguese). Additionally, analyses of the uniparental (Y-chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA) markers indicate that the Siddis trace their ancestry to Bantu speakers from sub-Saharan Africa. We estimate that the admixture between the African ancestors of the Siddis and neighboring South Asian groups probably occurred in the past eight generations (∼200 years ago), consistent with historical records.