Search

Taste is relevant because it has allowed us to discriminate between what is food and what is not, and even what can be toxic or dangerous when ingested. The search for new flavors is present in history of mankind. Since ancient times, the spices provided new taste experiences to make meals more palatable or as a means of preserving food; the search for spices was a motivation to make voyages that led to the discovery of new lands and continents. More recently, a viral pandemic that damages the olfaction and taste senses made us to remember the relevance of the senses. Small structures, called taste buds, located in the papillae of the tongue are responsible of the sense of taste. There are four types of taste buds that identify five tastes and one whose existence has not yet been fully proven. Taste alterations have different etiologies which will be commented on this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research examining migrant homemaking is multi-disciplinary and well-developed, providing evidence that 'home' exists in multiple places. However, only a small component of this work examines the role of the senses. This paper draws on research conducted between 2015 and 2019 in Glasgow, a city in Scotland, UK, with migrant, refugee and asylum-seeking women that used photo elicitation interviews, to bridge the gap between scholarship on migrant homemaking and the senses. The paper empirically demonstrates how the senses allow migrants to cultivate the embodied experience of physically being elsewhere by drawing on sensory memories, practices, and material cultures, specifically engaging taste and smell. The paper analyses the experience of four participants who described this sensation, and addresses the impact of the security of migrant status and financial resources in sensory homemaking. The concluding discussion proposes the concept of 'sensory space-time compression' as a novel way of understanding the sensory experiences of home in the context of migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abordaremos la perspectiva de Rousseau sobre el teatro a partir del lugar que ocupa el gusto en la Carta a D’Alembert. El gusto en la Carta es un fenómeno social que expresa los valores y les moeurs que sustentan el orden social y político de una comunidad. Veremos que las limitaciones éticas del teatro no son atribuibles a la mimesis poética sino al dominio que ejerce sobre él el gusto social. En la Carta el teatro es a la vez un género literario y un espectáculo singular. Veremos que, a través del término espectáculo, Rousseau distingue el género literario, de la institución que lo inscribe en el espacio social. El espectáculo parisino se transforma en un peligro para la república de Ginebra por la manera en que modifica los usos del tiempo, la distribución de los recursos de la comunidad, las prácticas de sociabilidad y finalmente el gusto general.

Dysregulated transplacental lipid transfer and fetal–placental lipid metabolism affect birthweight, as does maternal hyperglycemia. As the mechanisms are unclear, we aimed to identify the lipids in umbilical cord plasma that were most associated with birthweight. Seventy-five Chinese women with singleton pregnancies recruited into the GUSTO mother–offspring cohort were selected from across the glycemic range based on a mid-gestation 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, excluding pre-existing diabetes. Cord plasma samples collected at term delivery were analyzed using targeted liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry to determine the concentrations of 404 lipid species across 17 lipid classes. The birthweights were standardized for sex and gestational age by local references, and regression analyses were adjusted for the maternal age, BMI, parity, mode of delivery, insulin treatment, and fasting/2 h glucose, with a false discovery-corrected p < 0.05 considered significant. Ten lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) and two lysophosphatidylethanolamines were positively associated with the birthweight percentiles, while twenty-four triacylglycerols were negatively associated with the birthweight percentiles. The topmost associated lipid was LPC 20:2 [21.28 (95%CI 12.70, 29.87) percentile increase in the standardized birthweight with each SD-unit increase in log10-transformed concentration]. Within these same regression models, maternal glycemia did not significantly associate with the birthweight percentiles. Specific fetal circulating lysophospholipids and triacylglycerols associate with birthweight independently of maternal glycemia, but a causal relationship remains to be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Naturaleza y Sociedad. Desafíos Medioambientales is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Critical Hermeneutics: Biannual Journal of Philosophy is the property of Universita degli Studi di Cagliari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El sistema del arte comprendido por los conceptos, las instituciones y las conductas asociadas a su contemplación, es una construcción histórica occidental. En Europa hubo procesos que llevaron a la definición conceptual de arte, a su transformación y a la consolidación del sistema artístico que impera hoy. Sin embargo, en países como Colombia, el ingreso al sistema estuvo mediado por un proceso inverso, que implicó la aplicación de las ideas traídas de afuera a una realidad disímil, con miras a jalonar procesos inspirados por paradigmas decimonónicos como ‘progreso’ y ‘civilización’. Aquí, con la pretensión de iniciar la construcción de una historia dela idea de arte, se analiza cómo era entendido el concepto a finales del siglo XIX, y se observa cómo fue su transformación y uso hasta principios del siglo XX.

Dysregulated transplacental lipid transfer and fetal–placental lipid metabolism affect birthweight, as does maternal hyperglycemia. As the mechanisms are unclear, we aimed to identify the lipids in umbilical cord plasma that were most associated with birthweight. Seventy-five Chinese women with singleton pregnancies recruited into the GUSTO mother–offspring cohort were selected from across the glycemic range based on a mid-gestation 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, excluding pre-existing diabetes. Cord plasma samples collected at term delivery were analyzed using targeted liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry to determine the concentrations of 404 lipid species across 17 lipid classes. The birthweights were standardized for sex and gestational age by local references, and regression analyses were adjusted for the maternal age, BMI, parity, mode of delivery, insulin treatment, and fasting/2 h glucose, with a false discovery-corrected p < 0.05 considered significant. Ten lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) and two lysophosphatidylethanolamines were positively associated with the birthweight percentiles, while twenty-four triacylglycerols were negatively associated with the birthweight percentiles. The topmost associated lipid was LPC 20:2 [21.28 (95%CI 12.70, 29.87) percentile increase in the standardized birthweight with each SD-unit increase in log10-transformed concentration]. Within these same regression models, maternal glycemia did not significantly associate with the birthweight percentiles. Specific fetal circulating lysophospholipids and triacylglycerols associate with birthweight independently of maternal glycemia, but a causal relationship remains to be established.

This article examines morality in taste judgements. In response to Bourdieu's analysis of France in the 1960s, sociologists note that repertoires of moral evaluation vary across contexts. They typically highlight national variations, like Nordic egalitarianism weakens cultural boundaries, and temporal variations, with transformed values having made cultural hierarchies less defensible. The article investigates a neglected type of moral variation: contrasting cultural areas. In a study of class and culture in Stavanger, Norway, the authors combined oral interviews on taste with photo elicitation in the visual arts, literature and housing/architecture. While interviewees were often careful not to appear disdainful of other people's tastes, and expressed ambivalence about cultural boundaries, their thoughts on housing/architecture diverged. Here, people did not hesitate to criticise other people's taste, even to the point of ridiculing their houses. The authors discuss the implications for Lamont's symbolic boundary perspective, which is predicated on a separation of three types of symbolic boundaries (cultural, socioeconomic, moral). Morality can both weaken and reinforce cultural boundaries, depending on the areas under investigation. In conclusion, the authors suggest ways cultural sociology may conceive of different moral modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este trabajo retoma las categorías que trabaja Kant en función de la emisión de juicios con respecto al gusto y la estética. Para ello, es necesario que se considere el método que se configura a partir de la sistematización de las cosas y los fenómenos que intervienen para obtener su constitución. Asimismo, todo ello está orientado a precisar el concepto de estética, para que después se comprendan los tipos de juicios que se derivan de las facultades cognitivas, como los juicios analíticos y sintéticos, los juicios a priori y a posteriori, los juicios determinantes y reflexionantes, los juicios estéticos en el Arte y los juicios teleológicos.

This paper studies the relevance of the term taste and other associated concepts (reason, imagination) in the Enlightenment. It begins by clarifying the process that leads from an innate sense of taste to an intellectualised idea of taste that becomes an acquired capacity for knowledge and discrimination. Firstly, we analyse how the Enlightenment theorised to base its origin on the observation of nature and, at the same time, to relate it to the creative imagination and to reason or acquired knowledge. Secondly, it studies the role attributed to taste in the formation of critical judgement and, by extension, in literary criticism. Finally, we study the role played by literary reading as an instrument for educating taste through literary works and its relationship with the formal materialisation of discourse and with the idea of aesthetic pleasure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Architectural Journal / Jian Zhu Xue Bao is the property of Architectural Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Entre las diferentes narrativas y estéticas del documental, existe una creciente tendencia a registrar universos musicales. Estos documentales abordan, ocasionalmente, temas que trascienden la música en sí misma, y conforman un complejo ejercicio de representación de sociedades que son habitadas y narradas por determinadas estéticas visuales y sonoras. A partir del análisis de los documentales brasileños Sou feia mas tô na moda y Faço de mim o que quero, este artículo analizará la forma en que sus directores representan universos que son relacionados de manera frecuente con lo marginal, la favela y el “mal gusto”

Copyright of Palíndromo is the property of Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been associated with adverse health outcomes for mothers and offspring. Prevalence of GDM differs by country/region due to ethnicity, lifestyle and diagnostic criteria. We compared GDM rates and risk factors in two Asian cohorts using the 1999 WHO and the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria. Methods The Shanghai Birth Cohort (SBC) and the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort are prospective birth cohorts. Information on sociodemographic characteristics and medical history were collected from interviewer-administered questionnaires. Participants underwent a 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 weeks gestation. Logistic regressions were performed. Results Using the 1999 WHO criteria, the prevalence of GDM was higher in GUSTO (20.8%) compared to SBC (16.6%) (p = 0.046). Family history of hypertension and alcohol consumption were associated with higher odds of GDM in SBC than in GUSTO cohort while obesity was associated with higher odds of GDM in GUSTO. Using the IADPSG criteria, the prevalence of GDM was 14.3% in SBC versus 12.0% in GUSTO. A history of GDM was associated with higher odds of GDM in GUSTO than in SBC, while being overweight, alcohol consumption and family history of diabetes were associated with higher odds of GDM in SBC. Conclusions We observed several differential risk factors of GDM among ethnic Chinese women living in Shanghai and Singapore. These findings might be due to heterogeneity of GDM reflected in diagnostic criteria as well as in unmeasured genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors.

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

IntroductionShort chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main intestinal intermediate and end products of metabolism of dietary fibers/polyphenols by the gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological implication of stool SCFA profiles determined in the first year of life on the clinical presentation of allergic outcomes in childhood.MethodsFrom the Growing Up in Singapore Toward healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort, a sub-cohort of 75 participants was recruited. Scheduled questionnaire data was collected for cumulative prevalence of physician-diagnosed eczema, wheezing with the use of nebuliser, and allergen sensitization till the age of 8 years. Stool samples collected at week 3 and months 3, 6 and 12 were quantitated for 9 SCFAs using LC/MS/MS. SCFA data were grouped into lower (below the 25th) and higher (above the 75th percentiles) categories. Generalized Linear Mixed Models was employed to analyse longitudinal association between SCFAs and atopy-related outcomes.ResultsChildren with lower stool butyric acid levels (≤25th percentile) over the first 3 time points had higher odds ratio (OR) for wheezing (adjOR = 14.6), eczema (adjOR = 13.2), food sensitization (adjOR = 12.3) and combined outcomes of both wheezing and eczema (adjOR = 22.6) till age 8 years, compared to those with higher levels (≥75 percentile). Additionally, lower longitudinal levels of propionic acid (≤25th percentile) over 4 time points in first year of life was associated with recurrent wheezing (≥2 episodes) till 8 years (adjOR = 7.4) (adj p < 0.05).ConclusionOur results suggest that relatively low levels of gut SCFAs in early life are associated with increased susceptibility to atopic-related outcomes in childhood.

This paper starts from the need to face the social production of ignorance in the contemporary environment of hyperinformation favored by the infotelecommunications complex, which undermines the emergence of consciences and collective emancipatory actions. Based on Marx's famous metaphor about the need to pull out the imaginary flowers from the shackles, which poetically synthesizes the dialectical relationship between base and superstructure, we highlight the decisive role of the struggle for the capture of taste, understood as an expression and measure of the use value of goods, material and symbolic, and at the same time as a sensitive substrate of ideologies, in the current context of the advance of the extreme right around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista 180 is the property of Revista 180 and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sapientia is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this article is to analyze a set of dimensions of the musical culture of the 19th century, product of the approach of the press of the period. For this, the work is divided into two instances. The first theoretical-methodological, gives an account of the potential that the periodic press has to discuss ways of enunciating and understanding artistic practices. In the second part, problematic nodes are displayed whose delimitation and analysis is based on the Buenos Aires press: practices of taste and hobby, circulation of knowledge, gender representations of women musicians and the conformation of artistic circuits and scenarios. In the conclusions, the route taken is systematized and a series of new questions about artistic culture are proposed.

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: To know which is the predominant symptom over time after recovery from the SARS-CoV-2 infection at 2, 3 and 4 months, with the greatest repercussions on the quality of life of patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional observational study was done using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) by means of a multiplechoice survey distributed electronically (Google surveys) forms, from October 23 to November 23, 2020. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-eight patients were included with a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2; 58, 46 and 54 patients were obtained in the respective range of 2, 3 and 4 months after infection by SARS-CoV-2. Taste and smell alterations were classified as "maximum severity" in 3/58, 6/46 and 6/54 patients. The section of waking up tired was classified as a "serious/severe" symptom in 7/58 and 10/46 patients for 2 and 3 months, respectively. The decrease in yield and productivity was referred to as "serious/severe" in 9/54 patients at 4 months after infection. CONCLUSIONS: The most predominant symptoms were taste and smell alterations followed by waking up tired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Western countries, Asian children have higher food allergy risk than Caucasian children. The early‐life environmental exposures for this discrepancy are unclear. We aimed to compare prevalence of food allergy and associated risk factors between Asian children in Singapore and Australia. Methods: We studied children in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) birth cohort (n = 878) and children of Asian ancestry in the HealthNuts cohort (n = 314). Food allergy was defined as a positive SPT ≥3 mm to egg or peanut AND either a convincing history of IgE‐mediated reaction at 18 months (GUSTO) or a positive oral food challenge at 14‐18 months (HealthNuts). Eczema was defined as parent‐reported doctor diagnosis. Results: Food allergy prevalence was 1.1% in Singapore and 15.0% in Australia (P<0.001). Egg introduction was more often delayed (>10 months) in Singapore (63.5%) than Australia (16.3%; P<0.001). Prevalence of early‐onset eczema (<6 months) was lower in Singapore (8.4%) than Australia (30.5%) (P<0.001). Children with early‐onset eczema were more likely to have food allergy than those without eczema in Australia [aOR 5.11 (2.34‐11.14); P<0.001] and Singapore [aOR4.00 (0.62‐25.8); P = 0.145]. Conclusions: Among Asian children, prevalence of early‐onset eczema and food allergy was higher in Australia than Singapore. Further research with larger sample sizes and harmonized definitions of food allergy between cohorts is required to confirm and extend these findings. Research on environmental factors influencing eczema onset in Australia and Singapore may aid understanding of food allergy pathogenesis in different parts of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedentes: existe evidencia científica sobre la detección y reconocimiento del sabor a grasa en las papilas gustativas, y sobre la relación entre las propiedades sensoriales de los lípidos en los alimentos, la nutrición y la salud pública. Objetivo: presentar los avances investigativos en la cualidad del sabor a grasa y las estrategias actuales para lograr el cumplimiento de las recomen­daciones del consumo de lípidos. Resultados: existen bases fisiológicas para afirmar que el sabor graso constituye uno de los gustos básicos, en los que están identificados sus posibles receptores y polimorfismos. La sensibilidad de estos receptores a los ácidos grasos se afecta por el consumo de grasa. La grasa dietaria se puede reducir cambiando los métodos de cocción y en la industria alimentaria usando reemplazantes de grasa. Conclusión: el gusto graso podría estar modulado por factores genéticos y ambientales. Existen variantes genéticas de los receptores y su sensibili­dad depende de la grasa dietaria. Los reemplazantes de grasa son una alternativa para reducir su aporte alimentario.

In the following article we analyze how the sense of taste is configured in the essay “Art Objects” by Jeanette Winterson (Manchester, 1959). In this text, the British writer reflects on the reception of painting, to then address issues related to the arts in general. We are particularly interested in studying the argumentative strategies that the author uses to propose the construction of taste as a personal search linked to the education of the sense of sight. We will observe her personal statements on the purpose of art, the role of the artist and the constitution of an audience which are derived from this text, drawing on ideas from the fields of sociology and art history raised by Howard Becker, Pierre Bourdieu and John Berger, among others.

En el presente texto vamos a intentar probar que, en el orden compositivo de las artes visuales y, en particular, de la Arquitectura, la última palabra no recae en la aplicación u observancia de preceptos o reglas sino en la prudencia y en el gusto. Este ratificará o matizará las simetrías parciales de toda composición, incluso la symmetria total con vistas a la producción de la eurythmia, a saber: el efecto agradable y deleitable que la symmetria provoca. Se pretende advertir que la phronesis y, en última instancia, el gusto, acaban convirtiéndose en los elementos decisivos de la estética y la composición arquitectónica.

Background: The loss of ancestral microbes, or the "disappearing microbiota hypothesis" has been proposed to play a critical role in the rise of inflammatory and immune diseases in developed nations. The effect of this loss is most consequential during early-life, as initial colonizers of the newborn gut contribute significantly to the development of the immune system., Methods: In this longitudinal study (day 3, week 3, and month 3 post-birth) of infants of Asian ancestry born in Singapore, we studied how generational immigration status and common perinatal factors affect bifidobacteria and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ( B. infantis ) colonization. Cohort registry identifier: NCT01174875., Results: Our findings show that first-generation migratory status, perinatal antibiotics usage, and cesarean section birth, significantly influenced the abundance and acquisition of bifidobacteria in the infant gut. Most importantly, 95.6% of the infants surveyed in this study had undetectable B. infantis , an early and beneficial colonizer of infant gut due to its ability to metabolize the wide variety of human milk oligosaccharides present in breastmilk and its ability to shape the development of a healthy immune system. A comparative analysis of B. infantis in 12 countries by their GDP per capita showed a remarkably low prevalence of this microbe in advanced economies, especially Singapore., Conclusion: This study provides new insights into infant gut microbiota colonization, showing the impact of generational immigration on early-life gut microbiota acquisition. It also warrants the need to closely monitor the declining prevalence of beneficial microbes such as B. infantis in developed nations and its potential link to increasing autoimmune and allergic diseases., Competing Interests: RMD, SAF and DK were employed by the company Infinant Health, Inc. (previously known as Evolve BioSystems). YSC and NK are part of an academic consortium that has received research funding from Abbott Nutrition, Nestec, and Danone. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2024 Xu, Duar, Quah, Gong, Tin, Chan, Sim, Tan, Chong, Gluckman, Frese, Kyle and Karnani.)

Vitamin D is an essential micronutrient whose demand is heightened during pregnancy to support the growth of the fetus. Furthermore, the fetus does not produce vitamin D and hence relies exclusively on the supply of maternal vitamin D through the placenta. Vitamin D inadequacy is linked with pregnancy complications and adverse infant outcomes. Hence, early predictive markers of vitamin D inadequacy such as genetic vulnerability are important to both mother and offspring. In this multi-ethnic Asian birth cohort study, we report the first genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) of maternal and fetal vitamin D in circulation. For this, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was measured in the antenatal blood of mothers during mid gestation (n =942), and the cord blood of their offspring at birth (n =812). Around ~7 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were regressed against 25OHD concentrations to identify genetic risk variants. About 41% of mothers had inadequate 25OHD (≤75nmol/L) during pregnancy. Antenatal 25OHD was associated with ethnicity [Malay (Β =−22.32nmol/L, p =2.3×10−26); Indian (Β =−21.85, p =3.1×10−21); reference Chinese], age (Β =0.47/year, p =0.0058), and supplement intake (Β =16.47, p =2.4×10−13). Cord blood 25OHD highly correlated with antenatal vitamin D (r =0.75) and was associated with ethnicity [Malay (Β =−4.44, p =2.2×10−7); Indian (Β =−1.99, p =0.038); reference Chinese]. GWAS analysis identified rs4588, a missense variant in the group-specific component (GC) gene encoding vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), and its defining haplotype, as a risk factor for low antenatal (Β =−8.56/T-allele, p =1.0×10−9) and cord blood vitamin D (Β =−3.22/T-allele, p =1.0×10−8) in all three ethnicities. We also discovered a novel association in a SNP downstream of CYP2J2 (rs10789082), a gene involved in 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D, with vitamin D in pregnant women (Β =−7.68/G-allele, p =1.5×10−8), but not their offspring. As the prevention and early detection of suboptimal vitamin D levels are of profound importance to both mother and offspring's health, the genetic risk variants identified in this study allow risk assessment and precision in early intervention of vitamin D deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been associated with adverse health outcomes for mothers and offspring. Prevalence of GDM differs by country/region due to ethnicity, lifestyle and diagnostic criteria. We compared GDM rates and risk factors in two Asian cohorts using the 1999 WHO and the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria.Methods: The Shanghai Birth Cohort (SBC) and the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort are prospective birth cohorts. Information on sociodemographic characteristics and medical history were collected from interviewer-administered questionnaires. Participants underwent a 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 weeks gestation. Logistic regressions were performed.Results: Using the 1999 WHO criteria, the prevalence of GDM was higher in GUSTO (20.8%) compared to SBC (16.6%) (p = 0.046). Family history of hypertension and alcohol consumption were associated with higher odds of GDM in SBC than in GUSTO cohort while obesity was associated with higher odds of GDM in GUSTO. Using the IADPSG criteria, the prevalence of GDM was 14.3% in SBC versus 12.0% in GUSTO. A history of GDM was associated with higher odds of GDM in GUSTO than in SBC, while being overweight, alcohol consumption and family history of diabetes were associated with higher odds of GDM in SBC.Conclusions: We observed several differential risk factors of GDM among ethnic Chinese women living in Shanghai and Singapore. These findings might be due to heterogeneity of GDM reflected in diagnostic criteria as well as in unmeasured genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tropelías: Revista de Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada is the property of Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Comunicación is the property of Universidad Iberoamericana Cuidad de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Vitamin D is an essential micronutrient whose demand is heightened during pregnancy to support the growth of the fetus. Furthermore, the fetus does not produce vitamin D and hence relies exclusively on the supply of maternal vitamin D through the placenta. Vitamin D inadequacy is linked with pregnancy complications and adverse infant outcomes. Hence, early predictive markers of vitamin D inadequacy such as genetic vulnerability are important to both mother and offspring. In this multi-ethnic Asian birth cohort study, we report the first genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) of maternal and fetal vitamin D in circulation. For this, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was measured in the antenatal blood of mothers during mid gestation (n=942), and the cord blood of their offspring at birth (n=812). Around ~7 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were regressed against 25OHD concentrations to identify genetic risk variants. About 41% of mothers had inadequate 25OHD (≤75nmol/L) during pregnancy. Antenatal 25OHD was associated with ethnicity [Malay (Β=−22.32nmol/L, p=2.3×10−26); Indian (Β=−21.85, p=3.1×10−21); reference Chinese], age (Β=0.47/year, p=0.0058), and supplement intake (Β=16.47, p=2.4×10−13). Cord blood 25OHD highly correlated with antenatal vitamin D (r=0.75) and was associated with ethnicity [Malay (Β=−4.44, p=2.2×10−7); Indian (Β=−1.99, p=0.038); reference Chinese]. GWAS analysis identified rs4588, a missense variant in the group-specific component (GC) gene encoding vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), and its defining haplotype, as a risk factor for low antenatal (Β=−8.56/T-allele, p=1.0×10−9) and cord blood vitamin D (Β=−3.22/T-allele, p=1.0×10−8) in all three ethnicities. We also discovered a novel association in a SNP downstream of CYP2J2 (rs10789082), a gene involved in 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D, with vitamin D in pregnant women (Β=−7.68/G-allele, p=1.5×10−8), but not their offspring. As the prevention and early detection of suboptimal vitamin D levels are of profound importance to both mother and offspring’s health, the genetic risk variants identified in this study allow risk assessment and precision in early intervention of vitamin D deficiency.

Food has savour: a collection of properties (including appearance, aroma, mouth-feel) connected with the pleasure (or displeasure) of eating. This paper argues that savour is aesthetically evaluable--it is not merely "agreeable". Further, like paradigm examples of art, savour can be assessed by how it references, or "exemplifies", cultural norms. This paper is part of a larger project in which I develop an account of the pleasure of art. It is a virtue of my approach that it permits a much greater diversity of artforms than traditional philosophical aesthetics is inclined to allow. This includes food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista El Directivo al Día is the property of Centro de Informacion y Gestion Tecnologica (CIGET) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since his childhood spent in Argentina, the writer William Henry Hudson (1841-1922) was in contact with nature, especially with birds. In 1871 he travelled to Patagonia, which seemed to him beautiful and sublime. Idle Days in Patagonia (1893) is the narration of this experience, previously written in a diary, and the description of the fauna and flora of this place. It’s also a reflection about the concepts of pleasure, taste and animism.

La sed del ojo (2004) by Pablo Montoya, makes a difference regarding much of contemporary Colombian narrative, marked by the intention of giving testimony to the violence and the dynamics of the drug business. This novel's protagonist is the well-known photographer Auguste Belloc. Through this artist the writer questions the view and fashion of nineteenth century Paris. This study intends to, on the one hand, reflect upon photographic art as a legal and illegal commercial product and its problematic relationship with the concept of beauty and, on the other, mark the scope of the role of criticism and the press of the XIX century as means that generate fashion.

El artí­culo estudia la recepción mediática de las producciones eróticas de Armando Bo e Isabel Sarli con el objeto de analizar cómo los crí­ticos desarrollaron una preocupación en torno a su circulación e influencia social y cultural durante las décadas de 1960 y 1970. La discusión sobre el cine erótico entrañó presunciones de género y clase mediante las cuales los crí­ticos propusieron nociones, sentidos y jerarquí­as sobre los efectos simbólicos y materiales de su consumo. Asimismo, el artí­culo se aproxima a las crí­ticas de cine como fuentes históricas, al tiempo que considera a la prensa, los diarios y las revistas como arenas de disputa en la configuración de sujetos, sentidos y significados en perspectiva histórica.

Se discute la naturaleza del genio kantiano, una de las figuras más inquietantes de la estética del filósofo de Königsberg, con el fin de conjeturar acerca del posible papel de la libertad de la imaginación en la tarea del genio de “dar la regla al arte”. Se postula la oscuridad del filósofo para explicar el origen del genio, oscuridad que se explicaría por la tensión permanente que cruza toda la crítica de la facultad de juzgar la estética entre genio y gusto o, si se quiere, entre libertad y academia.

Copyright of Cogency: Journal of Reasoning & Argumentation is the property of Cogency Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Sociología is the property of Federacion Espanola de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Maguaré is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Departamento de Antropologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To describe the behavior of eating on the street in terms of practices, commensality and sociability in the city of Hermosillo, Sonora. Methodology: Based on a quantitative approach and with a probabilistic sampling, a survey was applied to a sample of 516 adults over 18 years old, residing in Hermosillo. Food behavior of the commensals in the urban public space was identified through a cluster analysis. Results: The street food consumption is differentiated by age and it varies according to labor and rest days as well as the different time during the day. We found the street is a recreation space for typical Sonoran food such as tacos, hot dogs (dogos) and burros percherones, but also for some culinary innovations. There were three groups of diners identified differentiated by age, preferences in the type of food, spaces and time during the day. Limitations: The results of this study are common related to an urban population of a middle socioeconomic class. Conclusions Eating in the street in the city has become a daily practice, mediated by age, which is structured according to work, in addition to being associated with fun, leisure and sociability with family and friends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]