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Additional file 5. : Mass spectrometry analysis of the BM-MSC secretome under TNFα stimulation. Sum PEP Score corresponds to the score calculated on the basis of the posterior error probability (PEP) values of the peptide spectrum matches (PSM). Sum PEP Score indicates the probability that an observed PSM is incorrect. Molecular weights (MW) of the proteins are shown. Number of peptides and percentage of the identified proteins are indicated.

Introduction: In obstructive congenital hydrocephalus, cerebrospinal fluid accumulation is associated with high intracranial pressure (ICP), ischemia/hypoxia, metabolic impairment, neuronal damage and astrocytic reaction. The hyh mutant mice exhibit two different forms of hydrocephalus evolution: severe and moderate. A study was carried out in hyh mice to detect a metabolite profile that define the tissue response in each hydrocephalus form. Methods: Metabolites levels in brain cortex were analyzed with 1H High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H HR-MAS) spectroscopy. The study was complemented with ICP recording and histopathological analysis. Results: Mice with severe hydrocephalus were found to have higher ICP and stronger astrocytic reaction. Several metabolites including glutamate and glutamine were found to correlate with the severity of hydrocephalus. The whole metabolite profile may be explained based in differential astrocyte reactions, neurodegenerative and ischemic conditions. The glutamate transporter EAAT2 and the metabolite taurine were found as key histopathological markers for the damaged parenchyma. Conclusions: Spectroscopy allowed the detection of a metabolite profile related to intracranial pressure and hydrocephalus severity, and therefore can be useful to monitor the efficacy of experimental therapies. Supported by Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech, and PI15/0619 (ISCIII/FEDER). Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Supported by Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech, and PI15/0619 (ISCIII/FEDER).

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to utilize mice with knocked-down lysophosphatidic acid 1 (LPA1) receptor to ascertain changes in glutamatergic transmission that may help to explain part of the cognitive and memory deficits shown by these KO-LPA1 mice. Material & methods: A well characterized KO-LPA1 mouse strain was used as animal model and compared with wild-type (WT) and heterozygous animals. Expression studies were implemented by immunohistochemistry and Western analysis of mouse brain regions, real-time quantitative RT-PCR of GA isoforms, enzymatic analysis of regional GA activity and Golgi staining to assess dendritic spine morphology and density. Results: A strong reduction of KGA immunoreactivity was mostly revealed in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of KO-LPA1 mice versus WT and heterozygous animals. In contrast, neither mRNA levels nor enzyme activity were significantly altered in KO mice suggesting compensatory mechanisms for neurotransmitter Glu synthesis. Interestingly, Golgi staining of hippocampal and cortical neurons revealed a clear morphology change toward a less-mature undifferentiated spine phenotype, without changes in the total number of spines. Conclusions: The molecular mechanisms underlying KGA downregulation in null LPA1 mutant mice are unknown. However, LPA increases neuronal differentiation, arborization and neurite outgrowth of developing neurons, while Gln-derived Glu, through GA reaction, has been also involved in neuronal growth and differentiation. It is tempting to speculate that downregulation of KGA protein in KO-LPA1 mice induce morphological changes in dendritic spines of cortical and hippocampal neurons which, in turn, may account for memory and cognitive deficits shown by KO-LPA1 mice. Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Acknowledgements: Red de Trastornos Adictivos, RTA, (RD12/0028/0013/) RETICS, ISCIII, y Consejería Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa, Junta de Andalucía (Proyecto de Excelencia CVI-6656).

It is essential for the university lecturers/professors to design new strategies that help students to acquire skills in the new framework of the European Higher Education Area. Furthermore, the assessment of the effectiveness and impact of the used strategies in the academic performance of the students is a key point [1]. In this work, an integrated rubric has been used to assess the effect of new learning strategies for the acquisition of different skills, such as critical and self-critical reasoning, acquiring knowledge and applying it to practical cases, oral presentations, and teamwork. This study was carried out in eight different subjects of the University of Malaga (Spain), including experimental degrees (Engineering, Biology, Biochemistry, Physiotherapy and Psychology), and an abstract degree such as Mathematics. Given the characteristics of this study, it has involved a large number of students from different subjects and degrees. The critical/self-critical thinking turned out to be better developed by the students with higher scores. Concerning the acquisition of knowledge and ability to apply it to practical cases, independently of the degree, students with good (but not very good) scores are those who consider that they have worked harder on the exercises to achieve their respective scores. Moreover, the oral presentations have been very positively accepted by the students for several reasons, such as the scarce experience of the first year students, and the opportunity to do teamwork. Finally, students have evaluated the performance of these strategies through a common rubric. It seems that the surveys and questionnaires have impacted positively on the final score, and that the students have also rated them positively and considered as very useful learning tools. Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.

Trabajo presentado en el XXXVII Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular (SEBBM), celbrado en Granada del 9 al 12 de septiembre de 2014., Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. In many cases AD patients present concomitant vascular pathology. Low oxygen levels are also frequently found in the brain of AD patients. The most accepted hypothesis to explain the correlation between hypoxia and AD is the deposition of amyloid ß (Aß) occurring in the microvasculature (amyloid angiopathy) and the affectation by the disease of the locus coeruleus, a brain region involved in the control of brain blood flow. However, few data has been collected to understand the relation between hypoxia and AD progression. We show here the accumulation of the hypoxic marker HIF1 α (Hypoxia-inducible-factor 1α), the major transcription factor for the adaptation to hypoxic conditions, in the brain of AD patients by western blot. We have also characterized the consequences of chronic exposition to hypoxia in the progression of the disease using a widely accepted AD mice model. AD mice were exposed to physiologic hypoxia (8.5% oxygen, 21 days) at initial and advances stages of the pathology. Brains from hypoxic animals showed no differences in the Aß content and number of plaques, but they showed a clear reduction in the total number of microglial cells that was even more evident around the Aß plaques. In vitro analyses suggest that hypoxia slows down proliferation and chemotaxis towards polymeric Aß in both cell line and primary microglial cultures. Interestingly, the brain cortex from the hypoxic animals showed a high increase in the number of dystrophic neurites surrounding the microglia- free Aß plaques. We observed also a decrease in the mRNA levels of two markers of interneurons, Somatostatin and Neuropeptide-Y, in the hippocampus of hypoxic mice. These data suggest that hypoxia accelerates the progression of AD pathology. The pathway underlying microglial affectation by hypoxia has an enormous potential in neurodegenerative disorders where microglia function is correlated with the progression of the disease.

Este proyecto fin de carrera se ha realizado para rediseñar un proceso de fabricación de componentes electrónicos. Se ha realizado el estudio e implantación del proyecto en la planta de COMELSA en Torrevieja de la Vega, intentando conseguir el objetivo de obtener un proceso de producción mejorado, mas productivo y con niveles de calidad superiores. Las bases teóricas de este modelo son los principios principios del Lean Manufacturing, que es una filosofía de mejora continua surgida en las plantas de fabricación de Toyota en Japón y que hoy día se aplican en multitud de factorías de diferentes sectores productivos en todo el mundo. Se ha realizado el proyecto en una línea de producción en la que la intervención de la mano del hombre es mayoritaria, aunque la automatización también resulta imprescindible.