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Objective: To perform the translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities (PASIPD) for the Brazilian Portuguese in a sample of people with lower limb amputation., Methods: This is a methodological study with cross-sectional design. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the scale were initially carried out in accordance with international guidelines. After its psychometric properties were evaluated, in addition to the presence of floor and ceiling effect, the standard error of measurement and the minimal detectable change., Results: The Brazilian version of PASIPD presented face and content validity and correlated significantly with International Physical Activity Questionnaire ( rs : 0.71/p = 0.001). The degree of inter-examiner agreement ranged from 0.29 to 0.75, and the intra-examiner from 0.13 to 0.72. The inter-examiner was 0.71, and the intra-examiner was 0.78. The internal consistency measure (Cronbach's α) was 0.75. No floor or ceiling effect were observed. The standard error of measurement was 0.36 and the minimal detectable change was 1.66., Conclusions: The Brazilian version of PASIPD is valid, reliable and has internal consistency among its items, and can be used by researchers and health professionals to evaluate the physical activity of Brazilians with lower limb amputation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Human development is influenced by the interaction between biological and social factors. This study aimed to verify the moderating effect of social risk on the relationship between biological risk and child development. Data were collected on 201 children, aged 6 to 72 months. The independent variable was measured by the biological risk index, and the moderator variable by the social risk index was assessed by the Denver II test. Linear regression, effect size, and analysis of moderation were used to verify the relationship between BRI and the child development (Denver II), and the moderating effect of the SRI. BRI was negatively associated with child development, the interaction between the BRI and SRI increased the explained variance in the Denver II result to 14%. The SRI was also a significant moderator of the Language and Gross Motor domains. This research evidence that social risk moderates the relationship between biological risk and child development, the more social risk factors, the stronger this relationship becomes. On the other hand, it can be said that some social factors favor child development, even in the presence of biological risk factors.

Objective: The aim of this study was to verify the adequacy of affordances in the home environment of children at risk of developmental delay and to identify factors associated with their frequency., Methods: The cross-sectional study included 97 families who responded to the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development - Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS) for 3-18 months (n=63), or AHEMD - Self-Report (AHEMD-SR) for 18-42 months (n=34). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to identify the differences between the frequencies of affordances between the groups. Multiple linear regression was used to verify the association between the child's sex, mother's marital status, education, socioeconomic level, child and mother's ages, house residents' number, per capita income, and AHEMD scores (α=0.05)., Results: The home affordances' frequency in the AHEMD-IS ranged from less than adequate to excellent, while in the AHEMD-SR, the highest predominance was medium. The offer of stimuli in the AHEMD-IS was significantly higher. Higher socioeconomic level and house residents' number were associated with greater affordances., Conclusions: The higher the socioeconomic level and house residents' number, the greater the affordances in the homes of children at risk of delay. It is necessary to provide families with some alternatives to make their home environments richer in affordances that favor child development.

The scope of the Denver II Developmental Screening Test is to assess the development of children between 0 and 6 years of age. The aim of this study was to verify evidence of intra- and inter-examiner reliability, concurrent validity, sensitivity and specificity of the Brazilian version of Denver II. It involved a cross-sectional methodological study. A total of 254 children, between 0 and 72 months with risk of developmental delay, participated in the study. Two examiners verified the Denver II intra- and inter-examiner reliability. Concurrent validity, sensitivity and specificity were checked against the Brazilian version of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires as a criterion-referenced test. Statistical analysis used the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, Spearman's Correlation Test and Contingency Table, the level of significance being α=0.05. The results identified that intra and inter examiner reliability was excellent in all age groups. Concurrent validity showed moderate to very strong rates in the 13-to-60-month age group. The sensitivity and specificity indices ranged from 73-99% and 58-92%, respectively. The Brazilian version of Denver II has good rates of psychometric properties and is a reliable and valid instrument to be applied to Brazilian children at risk of developmental delay.

Background: The Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales-Revised assesses adjustment to amputation and to using a prosthesis and considers psychosocial adjustment, activity restriction, satisfaction with the prosthesis, and other aspects related to health and physical activities, including residual and phantom limb pain., Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the semantic equivalence of the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales-Revised when translated into Brazilian Portuguese., Study Design: Qualitative study., Methods: The process was conducted in five stages: translation of the questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese; development of a first consensual version in Brazilian Portuguese; appraisal of the translation by an expert committee; back-translation; and semantics assessment of the instrument. For semantic evaluation, the translated and adapted Brazilian Portuguese versions were applied to a convenience sample of 10 individuals., Results: The translated instrument showed a high degree of comprehension within the target population, as it was observed all questions from Part I and II were score 4 or higher on an Ordinal Scale ranging from 0 to 5., Conclusion: The Brazilian version of Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales-Revised has a satisfactory verbal comprehension and is now ready for assessment of its psychometric properties., Clinical Relevance: The process of semantic evaluation of the Brazilian version of the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales-Revised makes available to health professionals and researchers who work with people with amputations initial information on cross-cultural adaptation and degree of comprehension of this scale.

Silva, FCd, Iop, RdR, Andrade, A, Costa, VP, Gutierres Filho, PJB, and Silva, Rd. Effects of physical exercise on the expression of microRNAs: A systematic review 34(1): 270-280, 2020-Studies have detected changes in the expression of miRNAs after physical exercise, which brings new insight into the molecular control of adaptation to exercise. Therefore, the objective of the current systematic review of experimental and quasiexperimental studies published in the past 10 years was to assess evidence related to acute effects, chronic effects, and both acute and chronic effects of physical exercise on miRNA expression in humans, as well as its functions, evaluated in serum, plasma, whole blood, saliva, or muscle biopsy. For this purpose, the following electronic databases were selected: MEDLINE by Pubmed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and also a manual search in references of the selected articles to April 2017. Experimental and quasiexperimental studies were included. Results indicate that, of the 345 studies retrieved, 40 studies met the inclusion criteria and two articles were included as a result of the manual search. The 42 studies were analyzed, and it can be observed acute and chronic effects of physical exercises (aerobic and resistance) on the expression of several miRNAs in healthy subjects, athletes, young, elderly and in patients with congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus type 2 associated with morbid obesity, prediabetic, and patients with intermittent claudication. It is safe to assume that miRNA changes, both in muscle tissues and bodily fluids, are presumably associated with the benefits induced by acute and chronic physical exercise. Thus, a better understanding of changes in miRNAs as a response to physical exercise might contribute to the development of miRNAs as therapeutic targets for the improvement of exercise capacity in individuals with any given disease. However, additional studies are necessary to draw accurate conclusions.

Background: Given the relative importance of cognitive impairment, there was considerable interest in identifying the cognitive profile of PD patients, in order to ensure specific and appropriate therapeutic interventions., Purpose: To determine the effects of physical exercise programs on cognitive function in PD patients, compared with the control group., Data Sources: Medline, Cochrane, Scopus, PEDro and Web of Science (last searched in September 2016)., Study Selection: Randomized clinical trials examining the effects of physical exercise programs and cognitive function in PD patients. Nine studies fulfilled the selection criteria and were included in this review., Data Extraction: Characteristics of the publication, characteristics of the participants, test used for cognitive screening, cognitive domain assessed, tools used to assess cognitive function, characteristics of the experimental intervention, characteristics of the control group, mean results and standard deviation of function cognitive. The PEDro score was used to evaluate methodological quality., Data Synthesis: Most eligible studies showed good methodological quality based on the PEDro scale. Studies have shown that adapted tango for PD patients, cognitive training combined with motor training, and treadmill training promote the preservation or improvement of cognitive function in PD patients., Limitations: The diversity of cognitive tests used to assess cognitive function and the high heterogeneity identified between the physical exercise programs., Conclusions: Physical exercise programs promote positive and significant effects on global cognitive function, processing speed, sustained attention and mental flexibility in PD patients, at a mild to moderate stage for patients with a 6-year clinical diagnosis of PD. However, treadmill training performed 3 times a week for about 60 minutes and for a period of 24 weeks produced larger improvements in cognition.