36 results on '"Guttormsen, David S. A."'
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2. Enabling the Voices of Marginalized Groups of People in Theoretical Business Ethics Research
- Author
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Alm, Kristian and Guttormsen, David S. A.
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- 2023
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3. Unexplored themes in expatriate management: inspirations from the new mobilities paradigm
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Guttormsen, David S. A. and Lauring, Jakob
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- 2022
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4. Adult third culture kids: adjustment and personal development
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Lauring, Jakob, Guttormsen, David S. A., and McNulty, Yvonne Maria
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- 2019
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5. Guest Editors’ Introduction : Fringe Voices in Cross-Cultural Management Research Silenced and Neglected?
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Guttormsen, David S. A. and Lauring, Jakob
- Published
- 2018
6. Advancing Otherness and Othering of the Cultural Other during “Intercultural Encounters” in Cross-Cultural Management Research
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Guttormsen, David S. A.
- Published
- 2018
7. Using Big Data to Identify Meaning and Reasons for Gender Pay Gap of Local vs. Global Workforce
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Baruch, Yehuda, primary, Guttormsen, David S. A., additional, Gyoshev, Stanley, additional, Pavkov, Trifon, additional, and Plesca, Miana, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The Co-existence of Inclusion and Exclusion Experiences among Foreign Employees
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Alcantara, Lailani Laynesa, primary and Guttormsen, David S. A., additional
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- 2022
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9. Exploring a future research agenda for global mobility and expatriation: Lessons learned from the ‘New Mobilities’ paradigm in Sociology
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Guttormsen, David S. A. and Lauring, Jakob
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- 2022
10. Enabling the Voices of Marginalized Groups of People in Theoretical Business Ethics Research
- Author
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Alm, Kristian, primary and Guttormsen, David S. A., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Heeding the call from the promised land: identity work of self-initiated expatriates before leaving home.
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Moulaï, Kamila, Manning, Stephan, and Guttormsen, David S. A.
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IDENTITY (Psychology) ,MANAGEMENT turnover ,NONCITIZENS ,TALENT management ,PARENTAL leave - Abstract
Despite growing interest in self-initiated expatriates (SIEs), we know little about how SIEs develop the aspiration to leave both home employers and home countries behind. Based on rich empirical data from Western European SIEs, who migrated to North America, we explored key dynamics of identity work leading up to their decision to expatriate. We found that an SIE's self-concept as a talented professional is initially negatively impacted by interactions with their home employers. However, through elevating conversations with 'trusted outsiders', SIEs engage in re-crafting a more positive sense of self. SIEs associate the trusted outsiders' foreign professional background with idealized future work environments, the 'promised land', in which they see their elevated selves fulfilled. Our findings have important implications for research on drivers of self-initiated expatriation, voluntary turnover and talent management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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12. Using Big Data to test labor market stability vs dynamism: what career path leads to better outcomes
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Baruch, Yehuda, primary, Guttormsen, David S. A., additional, Gyoshev, Stanley, additional, Pavkov, Trifon, additional, and Plesca, Miana, additional
- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
13. Heeding the call from the promised land: identity work of self-initiated expatriates before leaving home
- Author
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Moulaï, Kamila, primary, Manning, Stephan, additional, and Guttormsen, David S. A., additional
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- 2021
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14. Analysing the impacts of Universal Basic Income in the changing world of work: Challenges to the psychological contract and a future research agenda
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Perkins, Graham, primary, Gilmore, Sarah, additional, Guttormsen, David S. A., additional, and Taylor, Stephen, additional
- Published
- 2021
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15. Rethinking Migration and Multicultural Interactions: Implications for Work Outcomes
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Raghav, Sonia, primary, Gibson, Cristina, additional, Guttormsen, David S. A., additional, Hajro, Aida, additional, Lee, Eun Su, additional, Raghav, Sonia, additional, Vora, Davina E., additional, Zilinskaite, Milda, additional, Fitzsimmons, Stacey, additional, Nguyen, Duc Cuong, additional, Szkudlarek, Betina Agata, additional, Thein, Htwe Htwe, additional, and Thomas, David C., additional
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- 2020
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16. Analysing the impacts of Universal Basic Income in the changing world of work: Challenges to the psychological contract and a future research agenda.
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Perkins, Graham, Gilmore, Sarah, Guttormsen, David S. A., and Taylor, Stephen
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BASIC income ,PSYCHOLOGICAL contracts (Employment) ,INDUSTRIAL research ,PERSONNEL management ,EMPLOYEE orientation ,WORK orientations - Abstract
Technological developments within advanced economies are impacting organisations and working lives. With the advent of 'Industry 4.0', Universal Basic Income (UBI) is being cast as a potential 'buffer'—a social safety net—to the restructuring of organisations, jobs, and economies that are already underway. The Covid‐19 pandemic is providing an additional impetus as governments instigate similar safety nets as employment falls in the wake of the virus. To date, much of the debate concerning UBI has taken place in disciplines outside the auspices of Human Resource Management with most commentary occurring within the spheres of economics and social policy. This conceptual study is one of the first within the human resource management (HRM) field to address the potential impacts of UBI on orientations to work and the management of employees. To do this, we focus on a central underpinning theory within HRM, the psychological contract and how this might be affected by its introduction. Finally, a research agenda is developed that provides options by which we might explore the implications of UBI for the practice of HRM when and if such schemes are implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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17. Definitions Matter! When Big Data Takes on Biased Theory Building in International HRM Research
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Guttormsen, David S. A., primary, Pavkov, Trifon, additional, Gyoshev, Stanley, additional, and Plesca, Miana, additional
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- 2019
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18. Fringe Voices in Cross-Cultural Management Research: Silenced and Neglected?
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Guttormsen, David S. A., primary and Lauring, Jakob, additional
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- 2018
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19. Introducing the expatriate ‘Entry-Mode’: an exploratory qualitative study of a missing link in global mobility and expatriate management research
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Guttormsen, David S. A., primary
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- 2016
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20. A critical exploration of “access” in qualitative international business field research
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Fjellström, Daniella, primary and Guttormsen, David S. A., additional
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- 2016
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21. ‘Multiculturality’ as a Key Methodological Challenge during In-depth Interviewing in International Business Research
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Zhang, Ling Eleanor, primary and Guttormsen, David S. A., additional
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- 2016
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22. Inclusive management in international organizations.
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Jonasson, Charlotte, Lauring, Jakob, and Guttormsen, David S. A.
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INTERNATIONAL agencies ,CORPORATE culture ,INTERORGANIZATIONAL relations ,PERSONNEL management ,MINORITIES - Abstract
Purpose A growing number of academics relocate abroad to work as expatriates in the university sector. While this employee group seems to have a highly constructive influence on the performance of university organizations, some problems in relation to effective inclusion of these individuals have been noted. In order to further advance the theoretical understanding regarding integration efforts in international university organizations, the purpose of this paper is to explore how two types of inclusive management, empowering management (identity-blind) vs English management communication (identity-conscious), affect local and expatriate academics.Design/methodology/approach Using responses generated from a survey of 792 local and 620 expatriate academics, this paper assesses the effects of inclusive management on job engagement and stress among the two groups.Findings The results show that one type of inclusive management, empowering management (identity-blind), has a favorable influence on job engagement and stress in both subsamples. The other type, English management communication (identity-conscious), increases stress for local academics but has no effect on the expatriates. These findings are useful for theory development in relation to employee inclusion in international organizations.Originality/value The authors have little knowledge about how inclusive management functions in international organizations. Testing the effect of identity-blind and identity-conscious inclusive management practices among two different groups of local and expatriate academics provides new insight to this area. In particular, the use of English management communication provides new knowledge on the integration of majority and minority groups in international organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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23. Introducing the expatriate ‘Entry-Mode’: an exploratory qualitative study of a missing link in global mobility and expatriate management research.
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Guttormsen, David S. A.
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SOCIAL mobility ,INTERNATIONAL business enterprises ,TALENT management ,NONCITIZENS ,ADULTS - Abstract
This article introduces the novel concepts of expatriate ‘entry-modes’, ‘comb-patriates’, and ‘Fourth-Country Nationals’ (FCNs), emerging from an exploratory qualitative investigation of 51 Scandinavian expatriates in Hong Kong. Global mobility research has traditionally been overly focused on the characteristics and background variables of expatriates or accumulated experiences after arrival, and has neglected the phase and mode of entering the new host country. Unveiling new global mobility patterns is significant for multinational enterprises’ (MNE) global talent recruitment, and has implications for training and development. This is due to directing the focus towards the increasing numbers of those individuals who are not expatriating in the conventional linear fashion, such as between an MNE’s headquarter (HQ) and its subsidiaries overseas. The critical stance taken in this article is articulated through a theoretical lens comprising a social constructionist epistemology. Theoretical contributions, future research avenues, as well as managerial relevance and policy implications are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2017
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24. "Multiculturality" as a key methodological challenge during in-depth interviewing in international business research.
- Author
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Ling Eleanor Zhang and Guttormsen, David S. A.
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INTERNATIONAL business enterprises ,MULTICULTURALISM ,QUALITATIVE research ,SOCIAL facts ,ACQUISITION of data - Abstract
Purpose - Although qualitative methods have now gained a stronger foothold in international business (IB) research, they remain under researched, especially regarding how researchers can overcome obstacles created when interviewers exhibit "multiculturality" during international field research projects. The purpose of this paper is to analyse how researchers' multicultural backgrounds create challenges and opportunities in data collection during in-depth interviewing, and how such backgrounds further impact on the power imbalance between researchers and interviewees. Design/methodology/approach - The two multicultural co-authors of this paper draw upon their 141 in-depth interview experiences with expatriates and local staff across five separate field research projects in Mainland China, Hong Kong SAR, South Korea, Finland, and the USA. Field research experiences are analysed through a Bourdieusian-inspired "epistemic reflexive" self-interrogation process between the two co-authors. Findings - This paper suggests five strategies to cope with the power imbalance between the researcher and the respondent in terms of social categorisation and language: activating the "favoured" ethnicity, putting the "desired" passport forward, constantly reassuring of belonging to the "right" social category, bonding in the interviewee's mother tongue, and adopting a multilingual approach characterised by frequent code-switching. Originality/value - This paper emphasises the relevance of exploratory, self-reflexive analysis, and uncovers how social categorisation and language influence the interviewer-interviewee power imbalance. Distinct methodological contributions are proposed accordingly for IB literature: placing "multiculturality" as an important concept at the forefront of qualitative IB research; and identifying ethnicity and accent as key factors in terms of securing and conducting interviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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25. The Co-existence of Inclusion and Exclusion Experiences among Foreign Employees.
- Author
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Alcantara, Lailani Laynesa and Guttormsen, David S. A.
- Abstract
Inclusion in the workplace, which aims to leverage value from diversity and improve the wellbeing of each member of the organization, is increasingly attracting significant interest among scholars and practitioners alike. Extant studies have limited the scientific inquiry to conceptualizing and measuring inclusion and exclusion using constructs, often assumed to perform along a unidimensional continuum or outcome variable. However, our study discovers that inclusion and exclusion are experienced as co-existing and the conditions to be non-binary. We identify four types of inclusion/exclusion that are determined by five dimensions. Furthermore, we uncover the multifaceted nature of the inclusion and exclusion phenomena due to performing differently traversing various spheres at work. Additionally, we advance theory by identifying five strategic responses to the experiences of inclusion and exclusion by employees. As part of a qualitative design, we conducted 52 in-depth interviews of foreign employees who narrated about own lived experiences of being included and excluded--and how they dealt with such challenges at work. We propose a new process model to depict these relationships and promulgate propositions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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26. Using Big Data to Identify Meaning and Reasons for Gender Pay Gap of Local vs. Global Workforce.
- Author
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Baruch, Yehuda, Guttormsen, David S. A., Gyoshev, Stanley, Pavkov, Trifon, and Plesca, Miana
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Gender pay-gap is a major organizational and societal factor hindering equality and merit-based labor markets. Using Big Data containing of the entire workforce of one country we are able to compare income of men and women as well as both local and global employees, to identify pay-gaps. We found that firms employing global employees pay higher wages especially to male workers, resulting in a larger gender pay-gap than in the rest of the economy. The problem was exacerbated at the higher end of the salary range and when people work in countries other than their origins. In terms of the factors driving the gender pay-gap, we document that native male workers engage in more career boundary crossings than female workers, and that higher pay-gaps can be found in larger firms, in professional and trades occupations, and in the manufacturing sector. The nationality of the managers mattered too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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27. Using Big Data to test labor market stability vs dynamism: what career path leads to better outcomes.
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Baruch, Yehuda, Guttormsen, David S. A., Gyoshev, Stanley, Pavkov, Trifon, and Plesca, Miana
- Abstract
In recent decades, longstanding questions that have been broadly debated in the career management literature, remain unresolved: are careers becoming dynamic or stable, which leads to how to optimize career progress-via dynamic moves or stable employment. We address conflicting findings and aim to advance career theory in three ways. Theoretically, we offer empirical support for both boundaryless career and career ecosystem theories and expand the career ecosystem theory and provide new evidence to key scholarly debates regarding new careers. We offer practical advice to individuals regarding their career strategy. Utilizing an extensive database of 3,000,000 individuals, comprising one country's entire working population, and their 300,000 employers, we find support for a dynamic labor market characterized by three different career boundary crossings: job, employer, and sector change across eleven years. We identify distinctive clusters of career transitions that we associate with career outcomes. We find a moderating effect of birth cohort, the share of stayers, leavers, managerial and professional employees, firm size, and gender, and differences between the impact of boundary-crossing and both wage level and wage growth, with contrasting patterns for each. We demonstrate that in most cases, opting for frequent career moves would offer better outcomes compared to stable employment. The theoretical contribution and their implications for our understanding of career motives and career dynamism are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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28. Rethinking Migration and Multicultural Interactions: Implications for Work Outcomes.
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Raghav, Sonia, Gibson, Cristina, Guttormsen, David S. A., Hajro, Aida, Eun Su Lee, Vora, Davina E., Zilinskaite, Milda, Fitzsimmons, Stacey, Duc Cuong Nguyen, Szkudlarek, Betina Agata, Htwe Htwe Thein, and Thomas, David C.
- Abstract
The purpose of this symposium is to review the different perspectives on multiculturalism and migration and to provide an agenda for future research with the intent of improving work outcomes in modern day organizations. In this symposium, we are particularly interested in understanding the current diverse views on multiculturalism at both macro and micro levels. We also wish to investigate the role of migrants in understanding the consequences of multiculturalism with the view of understanding the various identities that become salient during multicultural interactions and how identities are negotiated across different contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
- Full Text
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29. Definitions Matter! When Big Data Takes on Biased Theory Building in International HRM Research.
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Guttormsen, David S. A., Pavkov, Trifon, Gyoshev, Stanley, and Plesca, Miana
- Abstract
This paper demonstrates, through OLS regression analysis of a Big Data set containing 17,5 billion observations (monthly tax document with 34 fields filled by 300 thousand firms for 3,3 million employees per month for 13 years), that small changes in the applied definition of an expatriate can lead to: (i) not merely different analytical outputs, but highly significant different results; (ii) there is a risk for novel and valuable findings to remain undiscovered to the dismay of producing knowledge about a particular phenomenon; and (iii) that a Big Data set can provide practical recommendations for both qualitative and quantitative researchers in terms of which groups and subgroups of expatriates are the most impactful in terms of sampling and therefore should be selected. To the best of our knowledge, the paper is the first to provide the above evidence in international human resource management research -- and beyond -- and is therefore empirically substantiating the worries brought forward in the ongoing and vigorous debate regarding concept confusion, construct clarity and heterogeneous sampling -- overall, that definitions do matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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30. Hvordan endring og nyskapning i en bedrift påvirker ansattes motivasjon og innovasjonsevne
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Johnsen, Tonje, Nesje, Knut Oskar, and Guttormsen, David S. A.
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Denne oppgaven tar for seg en problemstilling hvor vi ser på hvordan endring og nyskapning i en bedrift påvirker de ansattes motivasjon og innovasjonsevne. For å kunne svare på dette har vi sett på relevant teori som omhandler motivasjon, endringsledelse og innovasjon i bedrifter. Ved gjennomgang av eksisterende studier fant vi ut at det er forsket lite på motivasjonsfaktorer knyttet til endring og innovasjon innenfor IT-bransjen, og valgte derfor å ta kontakt med Kongsberg IT som er IT-avdelingen til Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace AS (KDA). Kongsberg IT er en avdeling som jobber med å kontinuerlig forbedre prosesser og programmer innen IT og er derfor en avdeling som blir ansett som innovativ. Sammen med Kongsberg IT ønsket vi å finne ut hvordan endring og nyskapning i avdelingen påvirker de ansattes motivasjon og innovasjonsevne. Vi ønsket da å se på motivasjon og innovasjonsevne opp mot et pågående prosjekt i Kongsberg IT som heter IT2 som er et innovasjonsprosjekt. Det ble gjort ved å utføre en kvantitativ spørreundersøkelse som ble sendt ut til 250 ansatte, både interne og eksterne. Studien viser oss at de ansatte i Kongsberg IT blir påvirket av både ytre og indre motivasjonsfaktorer i større og mindre grad. Når det kommer til ytre motivasjonsfaktorer blir de ansatte høyest påvirket av arbeidsmiljø og arbeidsoppgaver, og resultatene er forholdsvis like for de med lederstilling og de uten lederstilling. Ser vi på de ansattes motivasjon til å jobbe med innovasjonsprosjekter som IT2 eller liknende scorer de omtrent midt på skalaen, noe som viser til at mange av de ansatte ikke er så fornøyde med måten innovasjonsprosjektene blir organisert i dag. De fleste som ikke er en del av IT2-prosjektet ønsker heller ikke å bli det. Når vi ser på indre motivasjonsfaktorer ser vi at det er forskjellige faktorer som motiverer de ansatte. 31% blir mest motivert av å jobbe med vedlikeholds- og driftsoppgaver, mens 69% motiveres av å jobbe med innovative arbeidsoppgaver. Det vil derfor være viktig for Kongsberg IT å legge til rette slik at de ansatte trives i arbeidsoppgavene sine. Vi ser også at de ansatte scorer veldig forskjellig på om de liker å komme med nye ideer og måter å forbedre prosesser på, noe som stemmer med at de ansatte er forskjellige type personer og motiveres av forskjellige faktorer. Hvis vi ser videre på ledelsen og miljøet i Kongsberg IT ser vi at de ansatte syntes ledelsen er åpne for nye ideer og forslag og at lederne gjør tiltak som er med på å motivere sine ansatte, noe som viser til at lederne i Kongsberg IT er med på å motivere sine ansatte og er åpne for at de ansatte skal være innovative. Selve avdelingen og miljøet derimot, scorer lavere når vi ser på om de ansatte føler de jobber i et innovativt miljø. En annen faktor som er med på å påvirke de ansattes motivasjon og innovasjonsevne er at det er mange innleide konsulenter, og her er det kommet inn resultater som viser til at mange av de ansatte syntes samarbeidet mellom interne og eksterne har vært dårlig, spesielt i IT2-prosjektet. Som en konklusjon kan vi dra frem fire viktige faktorer Kongsberg IT bør fokusere på eller implementere for at de ansatte skal holdes motiverte når det skjer endringer i bedriften og avdelingen og hvordan de skal kunne øke de ansattes innovasjonsevne: * Arbeidsmiljø og arbeidsoppgaver er de viktigste motivasjonsfaktorene for de ansatte i Kongsberg IT, og det er derfor viktig at ledelsen fokuserer på å kjenne sine ansatte slik at de får riktig arbeidsmiljø og riktig arbeidsoppgaver slik at de kan motiveres til å takle endringer og nytenkning i bedriften. * Det er viktig for Kongsberg IT å utnytte sin intellektuelle kapital som de har gjennom å være en del av både KDA og Kongsberg Gruppen. Det vil være viktig for å oppnå et godt innovativt økosystem med god struktur og organisering av avdelingen, prosjekter og ansatte. * God kommunikasjon, planlegging og oppfølging av eksterne konsulenter er viktig for at det skal bli et bra samarbeid mellom de interne og eksterne i Kongsberg IT og at de interne ikke føler seg overkjørt. * Ledernes rolle er utrolig viktig for at de ansatte skal kunne bli motiverte og jobbe mer innovativt i Kongsberg IT. Det er viktig at lederne er åpne for nye ideer og at de legger til rette for at de ansatte kan komme med ideer og forbedringer av prosesser. Det er også viktig å implementere en dynamisk form for ledelse hvor lederne følger med på sine ansatte og deres behov når det er endringer i bedriften og avdelingen, slik at de ansattes behov og motivasjon blir ivaretatt. Det er også viktig at lederne utnytter den intellektuelle kapitalen som Kongsberg IT sitter på gjennom KDA og Kongsberg Gruppen ved å samarbeide og ha en god informasjonsflyt mellom de forskjellige avdelingene i KDA. This thesis addresses an issue where we look at how change and innovation in a company affects the employees' motivation and ability to innovate. To be able to answer this, we have looked at relevant theory that deals with motivation, change management and innovation in companies. When reviewing existing studies, we found that few studies has been done on motivational factors related to change and innovation in the IT industry, and therefore we chose to contact Kongsberg IT, which is the IT department of Kongsberg Defense & Aerospace AS. Kongsberg IT is a department that works to continuously improve processes and programs within IT and is therefore a department that is considered innovative. Together with Kongsberg IT, we wanted to find out how change and innovation in the department affects the employees' motivation and ability to innovate. We then wanted to look at motivation and innovation ability towards an ongoing project in Kongsberg IT called IT2 which is an innovation project. This was done by conducting a quantitative survey that was sent out to 250 employees, both internal and external. The study shows us that the employees in Kongsberg IT are affected by both external and internal motivational factors to a greater or lesser degree. When it comes to external motivation factors, the employees are most affected by the work environment and work tasks when it comes to motivation, and the results are relatively similar for those with a managerial position and those without a managerial position. If we look at the employees' motivation to work with innovation projects such as IT2 or similar, they score approximately in the middle of the scale, which indicates that many of the employees are not so happy with the way the innovation projects are organized today. Those who are not part of the IT2 project also do not want to be. When we look at internal motivational factors, we see that there are different factors that motivate the employees. 31% are most motivated by working with maintenance and operational tasks, while 69% are motivated by working with innovative work tasks. It will therefore be important for Kongsberg IT to facilitate so that the employees thrive in their work tasks. We also see that the employees score very differently on whether they like to come up with new ideas and ways to improve processes, which may agree that the employees are different types of people and motivated by different factors. If we look further at the management and the environment in Kongsberg IT, we see that the employees think the management is open to new ideas and proposals and that the managers take measures that help motivate their employees, which shows that the leaders in Kongsberg IT are involved in motivating their employees and are open to the employees being innovative. The department itself and the environment, on the other hand, received a lower score when we look at whether the employees feel they are working in an innovative environment. Another factor that contributes to influencing the employees' motivation and ability to innovate is that there are many hired consultants, and here results have been received which show that the employees found the collaboration between internal and external to have been difficult, especially in the IT2 project. As a conclusion, we can highlight four important factors Kongsberg IT should focus on or implement in order for employees to be kept motivated when there are changes in the company and department and how they should be able to increase employees' ability to innovate: * Work environment and work tasks are the most important motivating factors for the employees in Kongsberg IT, and it is therefore important that the management focuses on knowing their employees so that they get the right work environment and the right work tasks so that they can be motivated to cope with change and innovation in the company. * It is important for Kongsberg IT to utilize their intellectual capital that they have through being part of both KDA and Kongsberg Gruppen. It is important to achieve a good innovative ecosystem with good structure and organization of the department, projects and tasks. * Good communication, planning and follow-up of external consultants is important for it to be good cooperation between the internal and external employees in Kongsberg IT and for the internal employees not to feel overwhelmed. * The role of managers is incredibly important for employees to be motivated and work more innovatively in Kongsberg IT. It is important that the leaders are open to new ideas and that they facilitate that you can come up with ideas and improvements of processes. It is also important to implement a dynamic form of management where managers monitor their employees and their needs when there are changes in the company, so that the employees' needs and motivation are taken care of. It is also important that the managers utilize the intellectual capital that Kongsberg IT has through KDA and Kongsberg Gruppen by collaborating and having a good information flow between the various departments in KDA.
- Published
- 2022
31. Field Guide to Intercultural Research
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Guttormsen, David S. A., Lauring, Jakob, and Chapman, Malcolm
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InformationSystems_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
This informative Field Guide to Intercultural Research is specifically designed to be used in the field, guiding the reader away from pitfalls and towards best practice. It shares valuable fieldwork challenges and experiences, as well as insights into key methodological debates and practical recommendations relevant to both new and seasoned researchers.
- Published
- 2021
32. Unlocking the affordances of digital technology in qualitative research
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Marta Jackowska, Guttormsen, David S. A., Lauring, Jakob, and Chapman, Malcolm
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Human–computer interaction ,Sociology ,Affordance ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Nowadays, many settings where fieldwork is conducted are substantially influenced by digital advances. That, in turn, has led to the development of several novel tools and research methods that have captured the interest of a growing number of researchers. This chapter provides an account of the use of digital technology in a qualitative fieldwork process, focusing the discussion on the transcription and coding tools that can help in managing large amounts of qualitative data. Moreover, it gives an overview of how Epistemic Network Analysis, one of the techniques of quantitative ethnography, can assist qualitative researchers in the analysis of the fieldwork data. Throughout the chapter, I outline various opportunities and limitations related to utilizing digital tools in collecting and analyzing intercultural fieldwork data. The recommendations I present can be especially beneficial for qualitative researchers who already use or consider adopting new ways of working in their research.
- Published
- 2021
33. Consultants in the public sector - do we need them?
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Nilsen, Joachim Birger, Reite, Marcus Elias Bøe, and Guttormsen, David S. A.
- Abstract
Offentlig sektors bruk av eksterne konsulenttjenester har vært gjenstand for debatt i Norge over lengre tid. Vi har gjennom dette forskningsprosjektet forsøkt å bidra til en nyansering av debatten ved å undersøke en spesifikk kommuners bruk av slike konsulenttjenester. Videre har vi også undersøkt kommunalt ansattes oppfatning av slike tjenester, før vi senere har analysert dette opp mot eksisterende teori og dokumentasjon på emnet. Denne masteroppgaven representerer dermed vårt bidrag til debatten rundt kommunal bruk av konsulenttjenester, herunder hvilken verdi disse representerer for det offentlige. Denne masteroppgaven er et kvalitativt prosjekt som ved hjelp av rik og bred data har undersøkt, og diskutert, rollen til eksterne konsulenter i offentlig sektor med et spesifikt fokus på én kommune. Oppgaven er gjennomført som et single-case studie med fokus på kommunalt ansatte, noe som har vært mangelvare i forskningslitteraturen på emnet. Dermed bidrar prosjektet til forskningslitteratur metodisk ettersom datafundamentet i oppgaven er samlet inn ved hjelp av dybdeintervjuer med relevante kandidater, noe som bidrar til å skille denne oppgaven fra store deler av litteraturen på emnet. Et enkeltstående case-studie ble vurdert som passende til prosjektet ettersom det gir rom for grundige undersøkelser av ett spesifikt fenomen, i dette tilfellet konsulenttjenester. Våre funn indikerer at kommunalt ansatte er svært bevisst på hvorfor konsulenter engasjeres i kommunen, men at de i mindre grad lykkes i å beskrive hvordan kommunen arbeider for å hente ut maksimal verdi fra slike tjenester. Ettersom verdien av slike tjenester har vært gjenstand for offentlig debatt, særlig etter Riksrevisjonens rapport fra 2017, så har dette vært en sentral del av våre undersøkelser. Vi har imidlertid ikke lykkes i å konkret vise hvordan kommunen gjennom sine anskaffelsesprosesser og prosjekter benytter konsulentene som kilder til ekstra verdi, herunder læring, kompetanseutvikling og erfaringsdeling. Det er videre indikasjoner på at kommunen er særlig prissensitiv når det kommer til slike anskaffelser, noe som korrelerer med tidligere funn i litteraturen. Videre virker det som consensus blant de ansatte at kommunen vil bli stadig mer avhengig av konsulenttjenester i tiden som kommer, både på grunn av fleksibiliteten og kvalitetskontrollen disse representerer, men også ettersom konsulenter fra privat sektor kan fungere som en kilde til spisskompetanse det ikke er lønnsomt å ha fast engasjert i kommunen, også sett i lys av Regjeringens siste perspektivmelding og fremtidsutsiktene for offentlig sektor. Vi mener det vil være nødvendig med en klar og formell strategi når det gjelder anskaffelser og bruk av konsulenttjenester da dette kan bidra til mer effektiv anvendelse av slike tjenester i kommunen. En slik skriftlig strategi kan fungere i samarbeid med anskaffelsesregelverket kommunen allerede følger, og vil kunne fungerer som en rettesnor for kommunalt ansatte, og ledere, som jobber enten direkte eller indirekte med innleide konsulenter i kommunen. Hovedsakelig mener vi våre funn indikerer behov for en slik strategi, men også at mangelen på tydelige rutiner for kommunalt ansatte i møte med konsulenter svekker muligheten til å hente ut merverdi fra slike tjenester. Her mener vi det er rom for forbedring, særlig når det gjelder mykere tjenester som læring og aktiviteter innen kunnskapsdeling og -utveksling. Det er imidlertid behov for mer forskning for å bekrefte våre funn, men også får undersøke videre om mangel på rutiner, formelle strategier og fokus på merverdi fra konsulenttjenester er et avvik fra normalen, eller om denne oppgavens funn har avdekket rom for forbedring i tråd med Riksrevisjonens anbefalinger fra 2017. External consultants in public sector entities have been a heavily debated topic in Norway for some time. Throughout our research project we aimed to enlighten the debate and investigate whether the present municipal use of consultants can be justified and to nuance the public debate surrounding the topic. This dissertation is a qualitative project that aims to use deep, rich data to investigate and discuss the role of external consultants in the public sector, specifically municipalities, and to add to the existing body of literature on the subject. In practical terms, data was gathered using semi- structured interviews that provided crucial information that helped enlighten the role of consultants in a Norwegian municipality, something that was lacking in previous work. Furthermore, single case study research was applied to provide a level of detail and understanding to allow for thorough analysis of the complex nature of the phenomena, namely external consultants, and their role in the context of this dissertation. Our findings indicate that the employees in the municipality in question are conscious of why consultants are hired but were not successful in pointing out specific methods of extracting the intramural value of consultants which has been a central point of discussion in earlier theoretical work. As such, we failed to provide evidence that the added value of consultants was a central factor during procurement processes. However, our findings clearly indicate that the municipality is highly price sensitive which correlates with findings in other theoretical papers. Further, consensus within the municipality is that the degree of which the municipality will depend on consultants is likely to increase following the anticipated reduce financial latitude for the Norwegian public sector going forward, which points to the need of a clear and formal strategy concerning use of external consultants that can guide municipal employees when attempting to balance quality of service and project completion with activities that can help extracting intramural and added value from external consultants. Such a strategy would be aligned with several theoretical recommendations from earlier work which have not been considered by the municipality we investigated yet. As such, establishing clear criteria and strategies concerning procurement and use of external consultants is one of our key recommendations. Mainly, we believe that the lack of formal routines, as well as not prioritizing softer activities such as learning and knowledge-sharing activities when using external consultants, is an area where there is room for improvement for the municipality we investigated. Further research is needed to be able to determine whether such a lack of routines, formal strategies, and focus on value extraction is an anomaly or conformity in Norwegian municipalities, and the public sector.
- Published
- 2021
34. The Impact of COVID-19 on Global Supply Chains
- Author
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Nylænder, Lise Cecilie, Pedersen, Fredrik, and Guttormsen, David S. A.
- Abstract
In a short period of time, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on the whole world and changed the way we live our lives. Global supply chains, which are highly dependent on geopolitical factors, have seen major disruptions in their operations as a result of COVID-19. This has resulted in shortages and shifts in demands, leading to severe delays both from the suppliers and to the end customer. The purpose of the master thesis is to discover how various firms have been impacted by COVID-19, as well as how they can become better prepared for future disruptions in their supply chain. The master thesis is based on the literature review from the preliminary thesis, which revealed a clear need for more robust and resilient supply chains.According to Taleb, today’s global supply chains have become especially vulnerable to disruptions, as they have chased for higher efficiency and consequently paid less attention to risk management strategies (Taleb, 2012). From the theoretical findings, we established four factors that we see as the most important for a firm’s ability to handle disruptions. Those are complexity, communication, risk management and geopolitical factors. Additionally, we created eight propositions, that we confirmed or denied through our findings. For our study, we wanted to use a qualitative approach by gathering information through 10 in-dept interviews. This provided detailed information from multiple firms where we discovered the differences and similarities between them. In the empirical findings we identified that few of the firms were prepared for the pandemic. While all of them were affected in some way, the larger and more robust firms managed themselves better than the smaller ones. Although several of the firms had a decline in sales and were forced to lay-off some of their employees, most of the firms managed to get back on schedule relatively quickly with few delays to the end customer. From the discussion, we established several measures that firms can incorporate to become better prepared for future disruptions. The most essential are analysis of the firm’s stakeholders and becoming aware of the risk involved with each supplier, having a safety stock of critical components that potentially can lead to bottle necks in the production and lastly the shift to digitalized supply chains that will enhance the communication flow and transparency with the supply chain partners. This study contributes to increased knowledge and understanding of the four factors that are essential for a firm to handle disruptions, as well as measures the firms can take to be more robust and resilient for future disruptions in the supply chain. This is especially important to be aware of in an uncertain future where disruptions occur more frequently.
- Published
- 2021
35. Organizational learning and telecommuting during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study of employees' telecommuting experiences
- Author
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Østby, Martin, Ness, Jørgen, and Guttormsen, David S. A.
- Abstract
The purpose of this master thesis is to illuminate how the learning processes regarding the working method of telecommuting has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in the period between March 2020 and February 2021. This is relevant considering the drastic impact restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has had on work organization. The novelty of crisis-driven telecommuting means that existing literature about the aforesaid topics are isolated from each other and lacks intraconnection, although we expect new interest to occur. The theoretical background of the thesis consists of an overview of literature on telecommuting and organizational learning during crises. The theoretical background for organizational crisis learning shows that crises can accelerate organizational learning by breaking down existing beliefs and norms. The literature examined on telecommuting addressed struggles regarding social connectivity to work, family life and home environment, however, in general job satisfaction and productivity tends to be positively considered. We use a single case study to examine a Norwegian subsea company. The sample (N=14) consist of both regular employees and HR-personnel, which provided insights into their experiences of using telecommuting in the given period, and how it has affected them individually as well as the company as a whole. The study has been designed to target employees’ own thoughts, reflections, and experiences regarding the effects of telecommuting. The results of the study demonstrates that there has been a large impact on the learning on telecommuting, and it seems likely that this will have an impact on future work organization and working methods within the examined company. The results are presented by looking at the organizational learning related to telecommuting within the case company, similarities and contrasts between our findings and the existing literature, and how telecommuting can be implemented as a working method post-crisis. We also highlight further research opportunities to examine these same mechanisms in a more varied collection of companies and contexts, as the study is limited by the inherent disadvantages of conducting a single case study.
- Published
- 2021
36. Effekten av transaksjonskostnader på allianser, egenetablering og kontrakter
- Author
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Larsen, Marie, Hvaal, Ada Marie, and Guttormsen, David S. A.
- Abstract
Statistisk sentralbyrå (2020) viste at utviklingen innen bygg- og anleggsbransjen som næring har vært svært positiv. Bransjen har hatt en god utvikling i lengre tid og står for den tredje største andelen av sysselsettingen i Norge (Statistisk sentralbyrå, 2020). Vi har valgt å begrense oppgaven til bygg- og anleggs virksomheter og strategiske valg relatert til transaksjonskostnadsteorien (Williamson, 1979), valget mellom allianser og egenetablering (Lien & Jakobsen, 2015) og valg av kontraktsform (MacNeil, 1978). Oppgaven fokuserer også på om vi kan finne en sammenheng mellom disse valgene og det ressursbaserte perspektivet. Strategiske valg for virksomheter er ett viktig ledd for å optimalisere driften. Blant annet påvirker det en virksomhet sine transaksjonskostnader og andre potensielle kostnader (Williamson, 1979). Bygg- og anleggsbransjen er en investeringstung og konjektursensitiv bransje. Det er derfor viktig å finne strategiske retninger som gir lavere kostnader, mindre usikkerhet og sikrer bedriften viktige ressurser. Ulike faktorer innenfor en virksomhet påvirker, eller påvirkes av, transaksjonskostnader. De strategiske valgene til en bedrift kan optimaliseres ved å vurdere de ulike valgene i samme kontekst. Vi har derfor kommet frem til følgende problemstilling: «Hvordan påvirker transaksjonskostnader valget mellom allianser, egenetablering og kontraktsform innenfor bygg- og anleggsbransjen - og kan det ressursbasert perspektivet belyse dette valget?» Vi har benyttet kvalitativ metode til vår forskning ettersom det kan gi oss en dypere forklaring på hva som ligger bak de strategiske valgene til virksomheten. Dataene er hentet gjennom syv dybdeintervjuer hvor vi har hatt en eksplorativ tilnærming. Respondentene som er intervjuet har god kunnskap innenfor bygg- og anleggsbransjen, samtidig som alle er eiere og/eller ledere innenfor sine virksomheter. Avhandlingen bidrar til innsikt i muligheter og utfordringer knyttet til de strategiske valgene ved allianse, egenetablering og kontraktsformer innen bygg- og anleggsbransjen. I den sammenheng kan transaksjonskostnader og ressurser anses som viktige påvirknings- og/eller forklaringsfaktorer på beslutningene som gjøres. Videre ser vi en stor fordel av relasjoner og tillit mellom virksomhetene som skal samarbeide. Viktigheten av gode allianser og samarbeidspartnere kan anses som svært sentralt for å lykkes i en så konjektursensitiv bransje som bygg og anlegg.
- Published
- 2021
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