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Although there were a reduction in malaria burden, with 30% fewer cases in 2018 than in 2014, malaria remains a major public health problem in Peru, mainly in the Amazon region where over 44,000 cases were reported in 2018 (96% of cases in the country). Plasmodium vivax is the predominant species, representing 75.5% of malaria cases, similar to the rest of the region of the Americas. P. vivax infections are characterized by frequent relapses due to persistent liver dormant parasites. Previous studies of our research group in the Peruvian Amazon have shown high proportion of recurrence after radical cure (~75% in one year of follow-up [1]). This study aimed to describe the evolution of parasitemia after a supervised radical cure treatment in an endemic rural village in the Peruvian Amazon follow-up by both, molecular tools (qPCR) and thick smear, during one month. Instituto Hipólito Unanue 2019-09-05

Objectives. To assess long-lasting insecticide - treated bednet (LLITN) ownership, retention and usage one year after their distribution in Loreto, Peru. Materials and methods. from July to September 2007, 26,185 LLITNs Olyset Net ® were delivered in 194 targeted communities in the Peruvian Amazon region, covering 45,331 people. Two cross-sectional community-based surveys in December 2007 and July 2008 were undertaken in a sample of 60 targeted communities (30.9% out of the total). A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect necessary data to calculate LLITN ownership, retention and usage indicators. Results. High LLITN household ownership was showed in both surveys (99.9% and 98.7%, respectively). LLITN/ person ratio decreased from 0.58 at the end of the LLITN delivery to 0.51 in the second survey, estimating LLITN retention of 87% after 1 year of intervention. In the first survey, 99.0% of all children 5 years and 96,0% of pregnant women slept under a LLITN the previous night, while in the second survey, 77.7% of children 5 years and 66.3% of pregnant women slept under a LLITN the previous night. Big mesh size of LLITN had low people´s acceptability, reaching only 39.0% in the second survey. Conclusions. Although universal LLITN household ownership remained high, their LLITN usage levels have decreased during one-year follow-up period. Objetivos. Evaluar la posesión, retención y uso de mosquiteros tratados con insecticida de larga duración (MTILD) luego de un año de su distribución en Loreto, Perú. Materiales y métodos. De julio a septiembre de 2007 se distribuyeron 26 185 MTILD Olyset Net® en 194 comunidades objetivo de Loreto, que protegieron a 45 331 personas. Posteriormente, se realizaron visitas de monitoreo (primera en diciembre de 2007 y segunda en julio de 2008) a los hogares de una muestra de 60 comunidades objetivo (30,9% del total), colectándose mediante un cuestionario semiestructurado los datos necesarios para el cálculo de indicadores de posesión, retención y uso de los MTILD. Resultados. En ambas visitas, la posesión de MTILD en hogares fue elevada (99,9% y 98,7%, respectivamente). La razón MTILD/persona disminuyó de 0,58 al momento de la distribución a 0,51 en la segunda visita, estimándose una retención al año de MTILD de 87%. En la primera visita, 99,0% de los niños 5 años y 96,0% de las embarazadas durmieron bajo un MTILD la noche anterior, mientras que en la segunda visita, 77,7% de los niños5 años y 66,3% de las embarazadas durmieron bajo un MTILD la noche anterior. El tamaño de los agujeros de la trama de los MTILD tuvo una baja aceptabilidad por parte del a población durante la segunda visita (39,0%). Conclusiones. Si bien la posesión de MTILD en los hogares se ha mantenido elevada, su uso por la población beneficiada ha disminuido durante el año de seguimiento.