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Ovarian metastasis of colorectal cancer is relatively rare. The present study reports two cases of synchronous ovarian metastasis from colorectal cancer, which were managed by cytoreductive surgery. In case one, a 60-year-old female patient presented with a multilocular pelvic tumor and ascites. Virtual colonoscopy revealed a mass in the sigmoid colon; however, no tumor cells were identified on histological examination. Ovarian metastasis from sigmoid colon cancer was suspected and adnexectomy was subsequently performed. Histological examination of the excised tumor revealed adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis of the resected tumor revealed positive staining for cytokeratin (CK)20 and caudal-type homeobox 2 (CDX2), and negative staining for CK7, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and inhibin. The immunohistological results supported the diagnosis of ovarian metastasis from sigmoid colon cancer. In case two, a 56-year-old female patient presented with a multilocular pelvic tumor and ascites. Colonoscopy identified a rectal tumor, and histological examination revealed moderately-differentiated adenocarcinoma, which was confirmed by cytological analysis of ascites. Subsequently, ovarian metastasis from rectal cancer with peritoneal dissemination was diagnosed, and left ovariectomy and transverse colostomy were performed. Histological examination of the excised tumor revealed moderately-differentiated adenocarcinoma, and immunohistochemical investigation revealed positive staining for CK20 and CDX2, but negative staining for CK7. These immunohistological results indicated ovarian metastasis from rectal cancer. Both patients recovered well and are currently undergoing regular follow-up examinations. The observations from the two cases indicate that ovarian metastases of primary colorectal cancer may present as pelvic tumors and, thus, preoperative examination of the gastrointestinal tract is required. Furthermore, even in cases of widespread colorectal cancer metastases, excision of the ovarian tumor is required to establish a histological diagnosis for the selection of appropriate treatments.

In this report, a case of hemorrhagic shock caused by a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the ileum, which was successfully treated by emergency surgery, is presented. A 67-year-old male patient presented to the Ibaraki Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University (Ami, Japan) in July 18, 2014, with dizziness and blood in the stool. Upper endoscopy and colonoscopy failed to reveal the source of the hemorrhage, although abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed extravasation of the contrast medium into the small intestine. The patient developed hemorrhagic shock; thus, double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) was performed, which revealed a Meckel's diverticulum and a submucosal tumor with excessive bleeding at 60 and 100 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve, respectively. Subsequent emergency partial resection of the ileum, including the tumor and the Meckel's diverticulum, was performed in July 20, 2014. Histological examination of the excised tumor revealed proliferation of spindle-shaped cells, and immunohistochemical staining of the tumor was positive for CD34, KIT and α-smooth muscle actin, but negative for S-100 protein. These immunohistological results supported the diagnosis of GIST of the ileum. The patient had an uneventful recovery and has been monitored at our outpatient clinic for 14 months after surgery. This case demonstrated the efficacy of DBE for the diagnosis of small intestinal bleeding, and immediate emergency surgery should be considered for cases of small intestinal GISTs with excessive bleeding.

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of the serum inflammatory cytokines and the blood granulocytes/lymphocytes (G/L) ratio in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: Forty-six patients underwent surgery for colorectal cancer. The G/L ratio and serum inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) were measured before surgery and correlated with the Tumour Node Metastasis classification and overall survival. Results: Serum IL-6 in T3-4, N1-2, M1 cases and cancer stages III-IV sub-groups was significantly higher than in Tis-2, N0, M0 and cancer stages 0-II sub-groups. The G/L ratio, serum M-CSF and TNF-α in T3-4 cases were significantly higher than in Tis-2 cases. Furthermore, the G/L ratio and serum IL-6 showed a significant inverse correlation with the overall survival, while the G/L ratio showed a significant positive correlation with serum IL-6, TNF-α and M-CSF. Multivariate analysis showed that the serum IL-6 level and G/L ratio were independent risk factors for poor prognosis. Conclusions: In this investigation, a pre-operative high level of serum IL-6 and the G/L ratio appeared to be significant predictive factors for cancer progression and poor prognosis. Accordingly, these variables might be clinically relevant biomarkers in patients with colorectal cancer.

症例は40歳，女性．バリウムによる上部消化管造影検査を施行2日後より腹痛出現し，近医受診した．消化管穿孔疑いと診断され当院紹介となった．CT検査ではS状結腸にバリウムの貯留を認め，その周囲に異常ガス像を認めた．消化管穿孔疑い，腹膜炎の診断にて緊急手術を施行した．S状結腸の一部が壊死しており，同部の腸間膜側には気腫状の変化を認めた．S状結腸を部分切除し，人工肛門を造設した．標本を切り開いたところS状結腸の腸間膜側にバリウムの塊がはまり込んでおり，これを取り除くと3.5×2.5cmの穿孔を認めた．穿孔部位には肉眼的に腫瘍，憩室などは認めなかった．病理所見では穿孔部位に血栓，塞栓の形成は認めず，悪性所見も認めなかった．術後経過は良好で退院となった．約4ヵ月後に人工肛門閉鎖術施行し，その後の経過は良好である．バリウムによる上部消化管造影検査後に大腸穿孔を起こした症例を文献的考察を加えて報告した．

The prognostic significance of blood vessel invasion (BVI) and lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) is unclear. Because of the absence of specific markers for venous and lymphatic vessels, earlier studies could not reliably distinguish between BVI and LVI. By immunostaining for podoplanin and CD34 antigen, we retrospectively investigated LVI and BVI in 419 tissue specimens of colorectal carcinoma. We performed univariate and multivariate analysis of the clinicopathologic features, frequency of recurrence, and outcome of patients with or without LVI and BVI. The use of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining to identify BVI and LVI yielded a false positive rate of 9.1% and false negative rate of 12.6%. The incidence of BVI was significantly higher among tumors with LVI than tumors without LVI (P

71歳の男性.主訴は心窩部痛,嘔吐.腸閉塞の診断にてイレウス管を挿入後,イレウス管造影にて回腸の圧迫・狭窄が疑われた.腸閉塞は一時解除され経口摂取を開始するも再び腸閉塞となり開腹術を施行. Bauhin弁より約30cm口側の回腸が腫瘤を先進部に約15cmの重積をきたしていた.用手的に整腹を試みるも重積は解除されず,同部位を含め回腸を約25cm切除し吻合した.切除肉眼所見は,腫瘤は2.5cm大の有茎性ポリープで,病理診断はPeutz-Jeghers (以下, P-J)型の過誤腫性ポリープであった.本患者には粘膜・皮膚の色素沈着および遺伝性疾患を疑うような家族歴もなく不完全型P-J症候群と考えられた.成人腸重積症は比較的稀であり,さらに原因となる器質的疾患が単発性P-J型過誤腫性ポリープによる報告例は少ない.今回われわれは,その1例を経験したので文献的考察を含め報告する.

The aim of the present study was to assess the clinical relevance of the pre-operative granulocyte/lymphocyte (G/L) ratio as a predictive marker of post-operative complications in patients with colorectal cancer. In total, 85 patients (59 males and 26 females; mean age, 68.9 years) underwent surgery for colorectal cancer at the Department of Surgery, Ibraki Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University (Ami, Japan), and were divided into post-operative complication and non-complication groups. Clinical data, including age, gender, body mass index, tumor localization, tumor pathological type, cancer staging, surgery time, volume of surgical bleeding, pre-operative G/L ratio and further pre-operative laboratory data, including levels of albumin and C-reactive protein, Glasgow Prognostic Score, white blood cell count and levels of hemoglobin, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 were analyzed between these groups. The total post-operative complication rate was 18.8%. On univariate analysis, the amount of surgical bleeding and the pre-operative G/L ratio were significantly higher in the complication group than in the non-complication group (299.8±361.7 vs. 155.6±268.6 ml, P

In the current study, a case of recurrent desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is presented, which was successfully treated by repetitive debulking surgery. In May 2010, a 39-year-old male, with a history of surgical resection of intra-abdominal DSRCT, visited the Ibaraki Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University Hospital (Ami, Japan) with severe lower abdominal discomfort. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a large tumor in the pouch of Douglas with a small number of nodules in the abdominal cavity. The recurrent DSRCT was diagnosed and removed via lower anterior resection; however, complete resection was impossible due to multiple peritoneal metastases. One year later, the patient developed pain in the right groin due to the growth of metastasized tumor cells in the groin lymph nodes. The affected lymph nodes were removed utilizing an extra-peritoneal approach. At the time of writing, the patient continues to survive without any symptoms 60 months since the initial surgery. In conclusion, surgical debulking is a significant procedure for relieving patient symptoms as well as improving the survival time of patients with metastatic and recurrent DSRCT.

We herein report a case of postoperative fecal fistula following an appendectomy which was successfully treated by the use of autologous fibrin glue. An 82-year-old man had acute appendicitis and underwent an appendectomy. Later, a fecal fistula developed and he underwent drainage treatment twice. After 4 weeks of drainage and during the third recurrence, the remaining fistula was successfully treated using autologous fibrin glue, instead of surgery, due to potential complications and the risks of associated with advanced age. No recurrence has been observed for 5 months. In conclusion, autologous fibrin gluing for fecal fistula was found to be a safe, economical, and effective treatment. A search of Medline from 1980 until 2002 revealed no other report of this treatment for postoperative fecal fistula following an appendectomy.

To determine whether lymphangiogenesis was associated with the development of colorectal carcinoma and whether the mean maximal diameter of lymphatic microvessels (LMMMD) or lymphatic microvessel density (LMVD) is associated with lymph node metastasis in early stage invasive colorectal carcinoma (T1 carcinoma), we used immunohistochemical staining with podoplanin to measure LMMMD and LMVD in intratumoral (LMMMDit, LMVDit) and peritumoral areas (LMMMDpt, LMVDpt) of T1 carcinomas (n=87). By comparing the LMMMD and LMVD in normal large intestine (n=10), adenoma (n=15), and Tis carcinoma (n=15), we found out that the LMVDpt in T1 carcinoma with lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) was significantly high (P

Recent studies have shown that the interactions between tumor cells and stromal cells are important in tumor development. A possible correlation between tumor-activated myofibroblasts, the main component cells of tumor stroma, and lymphatic microvessel density (LMVD) or other clinical parameters in carcinoma was investigated.Immunohistochemical examination of alpha-smooth muscle actin and podoplanin were performed in 83 cases of early-stage invasive colorectal carcinoma.There was a good correlation between proliferation of myofibroblasts (PMpt) and LMVD (LMVDpt) in the peri-tumoral area (p = 0.0034). Increased PMpt was also associated with lymphatic invasion (p = 0.0051) and with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.011). However, proliferation of myofibroblasts in intra-tumoral (PMit) areas was not associated with these clinical parameters.Proliferation of myofibroblasts in peri-tumoral areas seem to play an important role in lymphangiogenesis, and is also associated with lymph node metastasis.

An additional technical step when using the pure-string instrument in low anterior resection is described. Namely, the lower part of the rectum is covered by a thin polyvinyl membrane, and then the pure-string instrument is smoothly slid in place without tissue damages.

Purpose This study aims to assess the clinical relevance of postoperative arterial blood lactate (LAC) level as a prognostic factor in patients with colorectal perforation. Methods Forty-two patients (22 males, 20 females; mean age, 70.8 years) underwent emergency surgery for colorectal perforation. The patients were divided into mortality and survivor groups. As a prognostic scoring system, Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome criteria were calculated. These scores, postoperative LAC level, and other data, including site and etiology of perforation, elapsed time from onset to surgery (eTIME), preoperative white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts, preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP), and preoperative arterial blood base excess were assessed between the groups. Results The total mortality rate was 33.3 %. On univariate analysis, the APACHE-II and SOFA scores were significantly higher, and eTIME was significantly longer in the mortality group than in the survivor group. The postoperative LAC level was significantly higher in the mortality group (43.1 ± 14.1 mg/dl) than in the survivor group (23.8 ± 12.7 mg/dl; p