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Zusammenfassung Die Topographie des Ductus thoracicus der Ziege wird aufgezeichnet und eine Darstellung der vor der ersten Rippe gelegenen Ampulla ductus thoracici gegeben, wobei die zur Lymphgewinnung notwendigen operativen Masnahmen beschrieben werden. Eine ubersichtszeichnung erganzt die Mitteilung. Die aus dem Ductus thoracicus gewonnene Lymphmenge betrug 80 ml/h. Summary The topography of the thoracic duct of the goat and a description of an operative technique to recover lymph from it The ductus is described in the goat and also the ampulla of the duct which is situated in front of the first rib where it can be used to secure lymph samples. A drawing shows the exact site of the ampulla and its exposure. Up to 80 ml./h of lymph can be drawn off. Resume Etude topographique du canal thoracique de la chevre et description d'une technique operatoire permettant de recueillir de la lymphe Les auteurs precisent l'anatomie topographique du canal thoracique de la chevre et donnent une description de l'ampulla ductus thoracici situee en avant de la 1e cote. Ils indiquent une technique operatoire pour recuellir la lymphe. Un dessin donne une vue d'ensemble des notions exposees. La quantite de lymphe obtenue dans le canal thoracique se montait a 80 ml/h. Resumen La topografia del conducto toracico de la cabra y descripcion operatoria para obtener linfa a partir de su tramo final Se anota la topografia del conducto toracico de la cabra y se facilita una exposicion de la ampolla del conducto toracico situada delante de la primer costilla, describiendose las medidas operatorias precisas para obtener linfa. Un dibujo sinoptico complementa esta informacion. La cantidad de linfa obtenida a partir del conducto toracico ascendio a 80 ml/h.

Zusammenfassung Es werden die osteologischen Befunde der Untersuchung eines Diprosopus tetrophthalmus beschrieben und anhand von funf Abbildungen veranschaulicht. Summary Osteological findings in a case of Diprosopus Tetrophthalmus with Acrania, Merencephalia and bilateral pug-nose in a calf The findings in this case are described in detail in the text and in five illustrations. Resume Constats osteologiques sur un «Diprosopus tetrophthalmus» depourvu de crâne, atteint de merencephalie et de nez camus des deux cotes L'auteur decrit les constats osteologiques releves a l'examen d'un Diprosopus tetrophthalmus et les illustre de cinq reproductions. Resumen Hallazgos osteologicos en un Diprosopus tetrophthalmus con acrania, merencefalia y formacion bilateral de nariz de carnero Se describen los hallazgos osteologicos del examen de un Diprosopus tetrophthalmus, comentandose con la ayuda de 5 illustraciones.

The submandibular and buccal glands of the Giant Ant-eater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) have been studied by means of a series of carbohydrate histochemical methods, including a broad spectrum of PO-lectin procedures. The seromucous cells (Gl. submandibularis) and mucous cells (Gl. buccalis) of the glandular acini, as well as the secretion in the excretory duct system exhibited very strong to strong reactions for neutral and acidic glycoconjugates. The serous cells of the buccal glands and the excretory duct cells reacted rather weakly. The different controls applied particularly emphasized that sialoglycoconjugates are the predominant ingredients of the saliva secreted. Lectin histochemical differentiation demonstrated a varying pattern of saccharide residues in these substances. In the submandibular glands the glycoconjugates (mostly proteoglycans) of the seromucous cells and the luminal secretion normally contained terminal beta-galactose and minor contents of terminal alpha-N-acetylglucosamine. After sialidase digestion this cell type exhibited distinct amounts of sialic acid-beta-galactose and sialic acid-alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine. Sialic acid was also clearly present in the tough interlobular connective tissue. The buccal glands showed a similar distribution of saccharide residues in the mucous cells. In the serous cells, however, acidic glycoproteins with sialyl residues were observed, also containing terminal alpha-D-mannosyl, alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyl, and beta-D-galactosyl residues. The cells of the excretory duct system of both gland types reacted weakly to moderately for terminal sugar residues (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, beta-D-galactose). The results obtained are discussed in view of the specific feeding mode of the Giant Ant-eater, whereby high contents of sialoglycoconjugates (proteoglycans, glycoproteins) produced by the salivary glands warrant for the main function of the non-sticky saliva; i.e., to act as an effective lubricant during tongue movement.

In order to assist veterinarians with the diagnosis of diseases in snakes, the organ topography of 142 dissected snakes of 35 different species was analysed and examined in relation to body size and normal biotope. Apart from characteristic species specific differences, it was shown that there is a clear difference between arboreal and terrestrial snakes. It was recorded that nearly in all species the organs shifted along the body in relation to increase in growth.

Nine cats were available for the present trial. Six thoracic limbs were dissected without any previous treatment. In the remaining twelve thoracic limbs, each articular space was injected with silicone and then fixed with a 5% formalin solution before being submitted to dissection. For the radiological examination ten adult cats were available and arthrographs were taken in two axial planes of each joint. The elbow-joints of six additional cats were injected with six differently formulated contrast media. Radiographs were taken at different time intervals: instantly, five and ten minutes after intraarticular injection. The quality of the contrast and clarity of the structures are discussed. A lateral and a cranial location for injection are described for shoulder-joint, as well as a caudolateral and a craniolateral location for the elbow. A dorsal injection location is recommended for the antebrachiocarpal articulation and the middle carpal articulation. The injection sides described are discussed comparing them with those taken from the literature on dogs and cats. The results obtained from arthrograms are compared with data from literature on dogs. The radiographs of the elbow show clear differences in quality depending on the contrast medium used and on time between injection and exposure. As a result, recommendations can be made for suitable contrast media for arthrograms of the shoulder-, elbow- and carpal-joint in cats. Further, it is recommended that radiographs should be taken not later than five minutes after injection of the contrast media.

The purpose of the present paper was to find out the most suitable localizations to puncture of hip, stifle and hock joints of the domestic cat. These joints are arthrographically presented. Further six contrast mediums in normal commercial usage were tested with regard to there contrast intensity. The only recommendable localization to arthrocentesis of the hip joint is at the cranial border of the greater trochanter of the femur. The stifle joint is approachable either at the medial or lateral border of the Lig. patellae. To puncture the proximal row of the hock joint the recommendable puncture site was found distal of the lateral malleolus between the tendons of the lateral digital extensor muscle and m. extensor digitorum longus. Any arthrocentesis of the distal row of the hock joint isn't recommendable. Contrast mediums with a iodine concentration below 300 mg/ml were not sufficient for arthrography.

A study was conducted on the reproductive organs of a male Giant Anteater. Discussed is the specific anatomy with its effect on fertility. The ovoid testicles are characterized by an intraabdominal position throughout life. Histologically documented is the active spermiogenesis. The accessory sexual glands consist of a glandula prostatica, glandula vesiculares and glandulae bulbourethrales. The short penis is situated immediately ventral to the anus. The existing anatomic individualities in comparison to other mammalia result in special reproductive aspects and should be taken into consideration for successful breeding.

Based on dissection of 11 (4 m and 7f) adult wolves (Canis lupus L., 1758) kept in captivity, the morphology and mechanics of the ligaments and menisci of the femorotibial joint are described. Compared with the anatomical data of the dog (Canis lupus f. familiaris), the differences are discussed with respect to their importance for functional considerations.

The Lig. phrenicopericardiacum of wolves who lived in captivity has been examined with regard to the following aspects: origin, run, insertion, size (breadth and length), and form. The findings of investigations were compared with the corresponding ones stated in the literature for dogs; the correspondences as well as the differences between the both species were pointed out and the possible reasons for them were discussed.

Inhalt: 1. Der Begriff Zygote ist identisch mit Spermovium und darf deshalb nur vor der Teilung in Blastomeren benutzt werden. 2. Die Zellzahl fur den Terminus Morula ist nicht exakt festgelegt, deshalb wird vorgeschlagen, vom 2-Zellstadium an vom 21-Sphaeridion zu sprechen. Weitere Teilungsschritte werden durch Exponentenschreibweise dargestellt, z.B. 21+ 1-Sphaeridion. 3. Die Entwicklungsstadien der Blastozyste werden exakt in primare, sekundare und tertiare Blastozyste unterteilt. 4. Der Ausdruck Embryotransfer ist falsch, da nicht nur das Ausgangsmaterial fur den Embryo, sondern auch das fur seine Hullen ubertragen wird. Auserdem stellt das Ubertragungsmaterial keinen Embryo dar, denn es fehlen noch die typischen Primitivorgane. Es wird vorgeschlagen, fur alle Entwicklungsstadien, die transferiert werden, Germiopla-centtransfer (G.T.) zu benutzen, was besagt, das das Material fur den Keimling und die Placenta fetalis transferiert wird. Contents: Hints to the correction and specification of the transfer nomenclature: 1. The term Zygote is identical with spermovium und therefore it is applicable only for the stage prior to the division into blastomeres. 2. The word Morula means a spherical agglomeration without a definite minimum or maximum of cell numbers. Therefore it is proposed to use Spheridion. The number of cells is written in ciphers f. ex. 21-Spheridion or 21+ 1-Spheridion. 3. The stages of development of the blastocyst are divided in primary, secondary and tertiary blastocyst. 4. The expression Embryotransfer means the transfer only of the embryo without the material for amnion and chorion. This doesn't exist. The transfered material has not developed to an embryo because there are no typical primitive organs. It is proposed to use instead of Embryotransfer Germioplacenttransfer (G.T.) that means transfer of the material for the germ and the placenta fetalis.

The cavity, that belongs to the glans clitoridis and that has to be removed in accord with the regulations and rules for the import of horses of CEM carrier states, has not been taken up in the NAV (1983). Conform to the statements of the clinical physicians and to the declarations of the American literature the nomenclature "Sinus clitoridis" is proposed for the international use.

Basing on plastoid casts (Technovit) the relief of cervical lumen was demonstrated. The occlusive structures in cervix are termed as plicae infundibulares and plicae semilunares. The findings verify that present methods of artificial insemination are not practicable according to the anatomical structures of cervix uteri.

The present study gives a topographic description of the muscles of the thoracic limb of Pudu pudu (Molina 1782). This description is intended as basis for surgery, but is also to be rated as a morphological study. The results are therefore discussed together with findings in Dama dama, Capreolus capreolus, Ovis aries, Capra hircus, and also with findings in cattle and pigs.

The present study describes the anatomical details of the bones of the pelvic limb from Pudu pudu (Molina 1782). The results were similar to findings in Dama dama and Ovis aries, while there were very few similarities to findings in Capra hircus.

The present study describes the anatomical details of the bones of the thoracic limb from Pudu pudu (Molina 1782). The results were similar to findings discovered in Capreolus capreolus, Dama dama, and Ovis aries, while there were hardly any similarities to findings in Capra hircus.

The present study gives a topographic description of the muscles of the pelvic limb of Pudu pudu (Molina 1782). The tabular composed results are discussed together with findings in Capreolus capreolus, Cervus elaphus, Ovis aries, and Capra hircus.