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This study was conducted to determine the suitability of the personnel participating in the research at a public university in the Black Sea region to be selected as emergency team members. The sample selection method was not used in the study, and university employees who agreed to participate in the study and could be reached were included in the study. 317 of 1600 personnel working at the university participated in the study voluntarily. A questionnaire containing introductory information and the "Emergency Teams Employee Self-Efficacy Scale" developed in 2018 were used in data collection. The total mean score of the participants from the scale was determined as 3.26±0.39. As a general comment, the scale average score is high. It was observed that the mean scores of the scale factors were ordered from the highest to the lowest points as interest, competence, and desire factors. In the study, there was no relationship between the self-efficacy for emergency team membership according to age, experience, unit of work and occupational accident and occupational disease status of the participants, while there was no relationship between self-efficacy for emergency team membership according to gender, position, encountering an emergency and education level found. It was determined that 86 of the 314 participants, 27.39%, of the personnel who were eligible to be selected for the emergency teams among the participants in the research, and that being self-sufficient was an important step in the selecting of an emergency team member.

© 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Despite the difficulties in pelletizing specularite-type refractory iron ores, the utilization of these resources is indispensable for the steel industry due to the increasing need for iron. This study investigated Fe recovery from a refractory iron ore using gravity separation, reverse flotation, and two-stage magnetic separation. Tilt angle and particle size had a significant effect on the grade and recovery of concentrates in shaking table tests. Gravity concentration at optimum conditions resulted in an iron concentrate with 64.47% Fe grade and 90.73% Fe recovery. In the reverse flotation tests, the frother and depressant substantially affected the Fe grade of concentrates while the collector influenced the Fe recovery. A 90% Fe recovery with 64.69% Fe grade was obtained within optimum flotation conditions. The Fe grades were raised to >67.5% in products after the first magnetic separation. The tailings of the first magnetic separation were subjected to the second magnetic separation after microwave-assisted roasting to increase the magnetic susceptibility. In the second magnetic separation, a concentrate containing 66.06% Fe was separated from the microwave-roasted non-magnetic material with 82.23% Fe recovery. To the best of our knowledge, the microwave-roasting method has been applied to a specularite-type refractory iron ore for the first time.

In this study, Faujasite (Na-LSX) (3.5(Ca0.3)3.5(Na0.6)3.5(Mg0.1)Al7Si17O48•32(H2O)) type zeolites and Ca-Filipsite (CaK0.6Na0.4Si5.2Al2.8O16•6(H2O)) type zeolites were produced from Sugözü Thermal Power Plant and Çatalağzı Thermal Power Plant fly ashes by alkali fusion method followed by water leaching, respectively. In these methods, fly ashes and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were mixed in certain proportions and sintered at 600 °C in ash furnace. Then, zeolites were obtained from the ground materials after water leaching and solid/liquid separation, respectively. Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) analyses were used to characterize the synthesized zeolites. The zeolites synthesized with Sugözü fly ashes in a ratio of 1:2 had 136.93 meq/100 g CEC, whereas the CEC of synthesized zeolite from Çatalağzı fly ashes was found to be 247.88 meq/100 g. As a result, zeolites, which can be used as wastewater treatment agent, energy storage material, catalyst and separator, were synthesized by using 2 different Class F fly ash.

One of the businesses where care services are provided is hairdressing salons. Hairdressing salons are one of the growing sectors in our country. There are various dangers and risks in terms of occupational health and safety in these enterprises.This study was carried out in a women's hairdresser in Giresun. The hazards and risks that employees may encounter in hairdressing salons were analyzed using the checklist for hairdressers published by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security and using the 5x5 L Type Matrix analysis method. As a result of the analysis, a total of 38 risks were identified, of which 14 were intolerable, 8 were significant, 12 were moderate and 4 were bearable. Of the identified risks; Risks such as the lack of informative labels of the chemicals used, the inappropriate storage of chemicals, the absence of emergency exit doors and directions, and the absence of a fire escape are among the high-scoring risks.As a result of the study, it was suggested to the owner of the hairdresser that the chemicals should be stored safely, the emergency plan and risk analysis of the enterprise should be made, emergency exits should be created and guiding signs should be made., Bakım hizmetlerinin verilmiş olduğu işletmelerden biri de kuaför salonlarıdır. Ülkemizde kuaför salonları giderek büyüme gösteren sektörlerden biridir. Bu işletmelerde de iş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından çeşitli tehlike ve riskler mevcuttur. Bu çalışma Giresun ilinde bulunan bir kadın kuaföründe gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kuaför salonlarında çalışanların karşılaşabileceği tehlikeler ve riskler Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığının yayınlamış olduğu kuaförler için kontrol listesi kullanılarak ve 5x5 L Tipi Matris analizi yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda 14’ü katlanılamaz, 8’i önemli, 12’si orta ve 4’ü katlanılabilir olmak üzere toplamda 38 risk tespit edilmiştir. Belirlenen risklerden; kullanılan kimyasalların bilgilendirici etiketlerinin olmaması, kimyasalların depolanmasının uygunsuz olması, acil çıkış kapısı ve yönlendirmelerinin olmaması, yangın merdiveninin olmaması gibi riskler dikkat çeken yüksek skorlu riskler arasında yer almaktadır.Çalışma sonucunda kuaför salonu sahibine kimyasalların güvenli depolanması, işletmeye ait acil durum planı ve risk analizinin yapılması, acil çıkışların oluşturularak yönlendirici işaretlemelerin yapılması önerilmiştir.

Bu çalışmada, Eskişehir ili Kırka ilçesinden temin edilen bor işletme tesisi proses katı atıklarının (PKA) sondaj çamurlarında kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Amerikan Petrol Enstitüsü (API) Spec. 13-A standardına göre spud tip sondaj çamur numuneleri hazırlanmıştır. Hazırlanan numunelerde farklı oranlarda (ağırlıkça %4-8) ve farklı tane boyutlarında (75-50µm) PKA ve sondaj bentoniti katkılanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında üç farklı uygulama yapılmıştır. İlk aşamada PKA, kil içeriğinden dolayı doğrudan sondaj çamuru katkı malzemesi olarak reolojik ve filtrasyon özelliklerine göre değerlendirilmiştir. İkinci aşamada sondaj uygulamalarında yaygın olarak kullanılan bentonit ile aynı konsantrasyonda numuneler hazırlanmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Üçüncü aşamada ise PKA’nın sondaj bentonitine ilave katkı malzemesi olabileceği değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma amacında PKA’nın atık değerlendirme amacıyla kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalarda kullanılan sondaj çamur numunelerinin reolojik ve filtrasyon analizleriAPI RP. 13B-1 standardına göre yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre PKA, çamur ağırlığı üzerinde %2,38 oranında artış meydana getirmiştir. Görünür viskozitede katkı miktarı ile orantılı olarak %112,5 artış sağlamıştır. Plastik viskozitede 75µm tane boyutunda %66,6 oranında, 50µm tane boyutunda ise %33,3 oranında artış meydana getirmiştir. Kopma Noktası için %4 katkı miktarı ile %8 arasında 3,5 kat artış göstererek 0,4392 kg/m2 değerine ulaşmıştır. Jel kuvveti analizlerinde, 10 saniye jel kuvveti için bir etki göstermemiştir. Ancak 10 dakika jel kuvveti değerinde %50 oranında artış meydana gelmiştir. Filtrasyon üzerinde ise 75µm tane boyutunda %44,44; 50µm tane boyutunda ise %42,8 oranında düşüş meydana getirmiştir. Analizler sonucunda PKA’nın sondaj çamurlarında bentonite ek yardımcı katkı malzemesi olarak kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir. Atık değerlendirme kapsamında sığ ve derin sondajlarda kullanılabilirliği bulunmaktadır., In this study, the usability of the process solid wastes (PKA) of the boron processing plant obtained from Kırka-Eskişehir province in drilling mud was investigated. Within the scope of the study, the American Petroleum Institute (API) Spec. Spud type drilling mud samples were prepared according to the 13-A standard. Different concentrations (4-8% by weight) and different particle sizes (75-50µm) of PKA and drilling bentonite were added to the prepared samples. Three different applications were made within the scope of the study. In the first stage, PKA was evaluated directly as a drilling mud additive based on its rheological and filtration properties due to its clay content. In the second stage, samples with the same concentration as bentonite, which is widely used in drilling applications, were prepared and evaluated. In the third stage, it was evaluated that PKA could be an additional additive material to the drilling bentonite. In the scope of the study, the usability of PKA for waste recycling investigated. Rheological and filtration analysis of drilling mud samples used in experimental studies API RP. Made according to the 13B-1 standard. According to the analysis results, PKA caused an increase of 2.38% on sludge weight. It provided a 112,5% increase in apparent viscosity in proportion to the concentration. There was an increase in plastic viscosity by 66,6% in 75µm particle size and 33,3% in 50µm particle size. With the amount of 4% additive for the yield point, it increased 3,5 times between 8% and reached 0,4392kg/m2. In gel strength analyzes, there was no effect for 10 seconds gel strength. However, the gel strength value increased by 50% for 10 minutes gel strength analysis. On filtration, 44,44% in 75µm particle size; It caused a decrease of 42,8% in 50µm particle size. As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that PKA can be used as an auxiliary additive to bentonite in drilling muds. It can be used in shallow and deep drills within the scope of waste assessment.

This study investigated the effects of iron ore roasting on iron ore beneficiation. Hematite-magnetite conversion was comprehensively investigated and characterized by XRD, SEM, and M–H analyses. The magnetic susceptibilities of the materials were shown by Honda–Owen plots. The optimum magnetite transformation conditions were found as 800°C temperature, 10 wt.% coal and 10 min reaction time. Preliminary tests with the unroasted ores were conducted before the optimization and comparison tests. The Box Behnken test design was used for modeling the falcon concentrator separation tests. High-intensity wet magnetic, low-intensity dry magnetic and falcon gravity separators were applied to the roasted and unroasted ores at the optimum test conditions. After conversion, the iron concentrations in the grade that could be sold (>56% Fe) were obtained by the wet magnetic separator and the falcon gravity separator with the recovery yields of 90.87 and 81.72%, respectively. The positive effects of roasting were observed in terms of concentrate yields for the wet magnetic separation and gravity separation methods. However, desired saleable iron concentrates were not achieved by dry magnetic separation experiments, although the recovery yields were raised above 80% after the conversion process. © 2018, © 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

In this study, we investigated the production of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) particles from desulfurization gypsum (DG) waste using a new experimental apparatus that is divided into two main parts: carbonation and stabilization zones. The solution was circulated via a pump from the stabilization zone to the carbonation zone where different types of Venturi tube were used for the reaction of CO 2 with solution to produce PCC particles. The effects of CO 2 flow rate, circulation rate, and Venturi types on the properties of the produced PCC particles were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and particle size analyses. The conductivity and pH values of the solution were monitored during the carbonation. In addition, the reactivity of selected PCC was determined to evaluate its use as a sorbent in a desulfurization unit. The experimental results indicate that the Venturi tube had a strong effect on the reaction time and properties of PCC particles. The use of a Venturi tube resulted in a decrease in the time required for producing PCC particles, which were smooth, well-crystallized, and nano-sized cubic crystals. However, when no Venturi tube was used, hollow spherical crystals formed along with cubic crystals. It was found that the reactivity of selected PCC particles produced using Venturi tube was rather higher (52 × 10 -4 min -1 ), indicating that the PCC can be used as a sorbent in the desulfurization unit. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.. Çukurova Üniversitesi: FBA-2017-7912 This study was supported by Çukurova University [Project ID: FBA-2017-7912]. Appendix A

As a developing country with over 70% external dependence on energy, there is an increasing demand for electricity in Turkey. In this study, energy resources strategies in Turkey have been investigated and the historical development of its energy usage was summarised. Turkey's energy demand has increased as a result of industrial development and the various energy sources have been selected in different periods to meet this need. In all periods, fossil fuels have taken the lead in energy production. Although investments in renewable and nuclear energy sources have increased, fossil energy sources will not be replaced in the near future. The future fossil fuel production, the electricity production and the greenhouse emissions have been calculated and interpreted by time series (ARIMA), statistically. The forecasts mainly show that natural gas based electricity generation will decrease to 9.3% and renewable energy based electricity generation will increase to 25.6% in the next decade. It is obvious that the fossil fuels based greenhouse emissions will be 375.61 million tons CO2 equivalent in 2026 and the largest share of this emission will be derived from the natural gas by 66.3 billion m3.

Coal-based energy production (CBEP) for the last three decades in Turkey was examined using statistical techniques. Multiple regression analysis was performed on the data and some predictions were shown to determine the future trends. The correlation coefficient (R2) of CBEP against natural gas (NG) was 0.95. Hydroelectric and renewable energy (RE) had considerable correlation coefficients with CBEP (0.81 and 0.74), respectively. The selected models can be used in the forecasting of energy trends for CBEP. Almost 24% of the total settled power was CBEP in 2011. It will reach 196 TWh in 2030. The inevitable strategy pursued in this direction has been depending on CBEP using low-quality lignite reserves (below 3,000 kcal/kg) and hydroelectric dams. The share of imported NG will be able to be reduced from 43% to 23% near about 2030. It is expected that there will be an increase in the RE by considering the statistical results. © 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Bu calismada, artik malzemelerden hibrit geopolimer beton uretim olanaklari arastirilmistir. Bu amacla, Sugozu Termik Santrali ve Afsin/Elbistan Termik Santrali’nden ucucu kuller ile Soda Sanayii’nden Solvay Prosesi artiklari temin edilmistir. Buyuk cogunlugu yuksek firin curufu ve ucucu kullerden olusan CEM V/A kompoze cimento da geopolimer beton uretiminde kullanilmistir. Kullanilan malzemelerin karakterizasyonu XRD ve XRF yontemleri kullanilarak gerceklestirilmistir. Geopolimerizasyonu saglamak uzere sodyum meta silikat (Na 2 SiO 3 ) alkali aktivator olarak kullanilmistir. Na 2 SiO 3 cozelti haline getirilerek 5M konsantrasyonunda harca katilmistir. Harcin olusturulmasi sirasinda ekstra su kullanilmamistir. Box Behnken Istatistiksel test dizayni kullanilarak farkli oranlardaki artik malzeme ilavelerinin elde edilen geopolimer beton orneklerin tek eksenli basma dayanimi, sertlik, birim hacim agirlik, su emme ve sonik hiz ozelliklerine etkileri incelenmistir. Kuadratik modeller, test sonuclari dogrultusunda Box Behnken test dizayninda en uygun modeller olarak belirlenmistir. R 2 degeri 28 gunluk tek eksenli basinc dayanimlari icin % 90,48, Shore sertlikleri icin % 81,67, birim hacim agirliklari icin % 94,85, su emme degerleri icin % 92,09 ve sonik hiz degerleri icin ise % 87,74 olarak belirlenmistir. Hibrit geopolimer beton uretimi sirasinda 1570-1725 kg/m 3 arasinda degisen birim hacim agirliklarina sahip beton numunelerden 7-24 MPa arasinda degisen tek eksenli basinc dayanimlari elde edilmistir. Elde edilen tum geopolimer beton ornekler hafif beton sinifinda yer almistir.

In this study, Faujasite (Na-LSX) (3.5(Ca0.3)3.5(Na0.6)3.5(Mg0.1)Al7Si17O48•32(H2O)) type zeolitesand Ca-Filipsite (CaK0.6Na0.4Si5.2Al2.8O16•6(H2O)) type zeolites were produced from SugözüThermal Power Plant and Çatalağzı Thermal Power Plant fly ashes by alkali fusion methodfollowed by water leaching, respectively. In these methods, fly ashes and sodium hydroxide(NaOH) were mixed in certain proportions and sintered at 600 °C in ash furnace. Then, zeoliteswere obtained from the ground materials after water leaching and solid/liquid separation,respectively. Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning ElectronMicroscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)and Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) analyses were used to characterize the synthesizedzeolites. The zeolites synthesized with Sugözü fly ashes in a ratio of 1:2 had 136.93 meq/100 gCEC, whereas the CEC of synthesized zeolite from Çatalağzı fly ashes was found to be 247.88meq/100 g. As a result, zeolites, which can be used as wastewater treatment agent, energystorage material, catalyst and separator, were synthesized by using 2 different Class F fly ash., Bu çalışmada, Sugözü termik santrali uçucu küllerinden sonrasında su liçi ile desteklenen bazikfüzyon tekniği kullanılarak fojasit (Na-LSX) (3.5(Ca0.3)3.5(Na0.6)3.5(Mg0.1)Al7Si17O48•32(H2O)) türü,Çatalağzı uçucu küllerinden ise aynı tekniği kullanarak Ca-Filipsit (CaK0.6Na0.4Si5.2Al2.8O16•6(H2O))türü zeolitler sentezlenmiştir. Bu yöntemlerde öncelikle yüksek sıcaklıkta kül fırınında uçucu küllerve sodyum hidroksit (NaOH) belirli oranlarda karıştırılarak 600 °C’de sinterlenmiş sonrasındaöğütülen malzemelerden saf suda liç işlemi ile zeolitler elde edilmiştir. Katyon DeğiştirmeKapasitesi (KDK), X-Işını Kırınımı (XRD), Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM), FourierDönüşümlü Kızılötesi Spektroskopisi (FTIR), X-Işını Fluoresans (XRF) ve Atomik AdsorpsiyonSpektrometresi (AAS) analizleri ile sentezlenen zeolitler karakterize edilmiştir. Sugözü uçucukülleri ile (1:2 oranda) sentezlenen zeolitler 136,93 meq/100 g KDK’ne sahipken aynı orandaÇatalağzı uçucu külleri ile sentezlenen zeolitlerin 247,88 meq/100 g KDK’ne sahip olduklarıbelirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak F sınıfı 2 ayrı uçucu kül kullanarak atıksu arıtıcı, enerji depolayıcı,katalist ve separator olarak kullanılabilecek zeolitler sentezlenmiştir.

Petrolün tektonik hareketler sonucu kendi yatağından ayrılarak çevredeki yarık ve çatlaklara yerleşerek sıcaklık ve basıncın etkisi ile metamorfizmaya uğramış maddelere asfaltit denir. Petrol kökenli olması, kalorisinin yüksek olması ve içerisinde nikel, molibden, vanadyum gibi elementleri bulundurması nedeniyle önemli bir kaynak olarak görülmektedir. Türkiye’de Şırnak ve Hakkari illerinde 13 filon halinde bulunan asfaltit yatakları tespit edilmiştir. Kalori değerinin yüksek olması Şırnak-Silopi’de bulunan asfaltit kaynağının, 405 MW gücünde akışkan yataklı kazan teknolojili termik santral kurulmasına olanak sağlamıştır. Mineral madde ve kükürt asfaltitin yakıt olarak kullanılmasında büyük bir sorundur. Bu yüzden yerleşim merkezlerinde evsel ısıtmalarda kullanılması sakıncalıdır. Asfaltitleri çevreye uyumlu bir enerji kaynağı haline getirmek için çeşitli temizleme çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda kül oranında düşüş saptanmasına rağmen kükürt değerlerinde istenilen oranda düşüş gözlemlenememiştir. Bu çalışmada asfaltit hakkında bilgiler Türkiye’nin asfaltit kaynakları ile birlikte verilirken asfaltitin enerji kaynağı olarak kullanımından kaynaklanan çevresel zararlarını azaltmak için yapılan çalışmalar hakkında kapsamlı bilgiler sunulmuştur., Asphaltite is a substance originating from petroleum through metamorphism as a result of the impact of the temperature and pressure when petroleum settles in slits and cracks in the surrounding areas following tectonic movements. Asphaltites are often seen as vein-like masses along the bedding. Since it is a substance originating from petroleum, it has a high calorific value and consists of elements such as nickel, molybdenum and vanadium, it is regarded as a valuable source. In Şırnak and Hakkari provinces in Turkey, asphaltite deposits in the form of 13 veins were detected. The asphaltite source with a high calorific value in Şırnak-Slopi allowed the construction of a thermal power plant at 405 MW power with the fluidized bed boiler technology. The use of asphaltite as fuel is a big problem due to its mineral matter and sulfur content. Therefore, it is inconvenient to use it for domestic heating purposes in residential centers. Various cleaning works have been carried out to make asphaltites a suitable energy source for the environment. In these studies, although some decrease in the ash content has been achieved, no decrease in the sulfur content was observed. In this study, information about asphaltite as well as information about Turkey’s asphaltite sources was provided in addition to a comprehensive examination of the studies that were conducted to reduce environmental damages resulting from the use of asphaltite as an energy source.

The present paper aims to utilize the fly ash wastes with lightweight aggregates for geopolymer concrete production process in which sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3) were used as alkali activators, respectively. The designed experiments were examined by the Yates Analyses and so the productions of geopolymer concrete were investigated depending on curing temperature, solid/liquid rate and concentration of alkali activators. The curing temperature and alkali activator concentration were revealed as effective parameters in geopolymerization. The effects of expanded perlite (EP) and acidic pumice (AP) aggregates were discovered for the production of lightweight geopolymer concretes. The microstructural properties of each produced geopolymer concrete were characterized using SEM, EDS and laser particle size analyses. The specifications of the concrete were evaluated based on their uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), point load strength (PLS), sonic speed (SS), Mohs hardness (MH), and water absorption (WAR) ratio results. In addition, the effects of pre-wetting of EP aggregates, which have hydrophilic nature, were examined. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that pre-wetted lightweight EP aggregates were used to produce lightweight GP concretes. As a result of pre-wetting, chemical usage decreased by 32.5%. The UCSs of the lightweight geopolymer concretes were in a range of 10–50 MPa and their unit weights changed between 1250 and 1700 kg/m3. Lighter concretes were obtained by the addition of EP aggregates rather than AP ones. © 2019 Elsevier B.V. FBA-2017-8313 Scientific Research Project Unit of Cukurova University supported this study (Grand number: FBA-2017-8313 ). Appendix A

In this study, zeolite Na-P1 synthesis from the fly ashes (FA) taken from dust catcher in Sugözü thermic power plant was researched. The structural and magnetic characteristics of the synthesized materials were studied by using the XRD, SEM, EDS, CEC, TGA, DTA, DSC and M-H techniques. High intensity wet magnetic separation was applied to the ashes at different magnetic field intensities. 61% of the iron oxide impurity (Fe2O3) was removed by single-stage high intensity wet magnetic separation at 1.5 T. Non-magnetic phase was accumulated in order to leach in alkali medium. 2 M NaOH was used as the synthesizing solution. Solid-liquid ratio was 0.3 kg:1 L. It was determined that the zeolitization degrees of the products depend on the reaction time. Zeolite Na-P1 (Na6Al6Si10O32·12H2O) which is the member of the group P zeolites was the dominant species after 10 h reaction time. Additionally, gismondine (Ca2Al4Si4O16·9H2O) presence was observed in the products. It was found out that the ferromagnetisms of the products were weakened by elapsed time. The CEC values of the synthesized products were the superior grades ranging from 269.63 meq/100 g to 388.85 meq/100 g. © 2018 Elsevier B.V. Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management Unit: FBA-2017-8313 This work has financially supported by Scientific Research Projects Unit of Cukurova University (project code: FBA-2017-8313 ). Besides, the authors thank to ACS Concrete Company and Sugözü Thermal Power Plant for providing the material.

The paper deals with a research project concerning building bricks made with chromite tailings material which mainly consists of SiO2 and MgO. Physical properties of the bricks made with the tailings were similar with the control bricks. The compressive strength increased up to 405 kg/cm2 with an addition of 20% tailings in comparison with reference bricks having 380 kg/cm2 on compressive strength.

In this paper, a life cycle assessment (LCA) model from 'cradle-to-gate' of one ton of aggregate was achieved to evaluate the environmental impact of limestone quarrying, by counting material and energy flows throughout the extraction and processing of limestone. Life cycle analysis was accomplished using SimaPro 8.5 software and ecoinvent database 3.4. Primary data collection was carried out in five different limestone quarries located in Algeria. The analysis was conducted according to the LCA standards ISO 14040-44. The results show that: global warming potential (GWP) varies from 4,689 to 50,875 kg CO2-eq./ton and it is remarkably dominated by CO2 and N2O emissions, primary energy use varies from 0.38 to 218.50 megajoules per ton. Other impacts are also mentioned in this study such as ecotoxicity and eutrophication which range from 2.17E-15 to 1.54E-11 and from 2.72E-17 to 1.61E-11 species.yr, respectively.

WOS: 000278730100007, This study discusses a new coal flotation optimization approach. It is conducted using modified flotation parameters and combustible recovery. The experimental work was evaluated in two stages. In the first stage, recoveries (1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 min of flotation times) of Jameson flotation operating parameters were fitted to first-order kinetic model, R = R(infinity) [1 - exp (-kt)] where R was recovery at t time, R(infinity) was ultimate recovery and k was the first-order rate constant to draw the time recovery curves in the experimental study. Two parameters, the ultimate recovery (R) and first-order rate constant (k), were then obtained from the model to fit an experimental time recovery curve. A modified flotation rate constant (K(m)) defined as product of R(infinity) and k, i.e., K(m) = R(infinity) * k, and selectivity index (SI) defined as the ratio of the modified rate constant of coal to the modified rate constant of ash (SI)=K(m) of Coal/K(m) of Ash), which could be collectively called "modified flotation parameters". It was used to determine of the sub and upper values of operation variables. In the second one, combustible recovery (%) and ash content (%) were used to optimization of the Jameson flotation variables and it was found that d(80) = 0.250 mm particle size, 1/1 vegetable oil acids/kerosene ratio, 20% solids pulp density, 0.600 L/min wash water rate and 40 cm downcomer immersion dept could be used to separate efficiently coal from ash. Final concentrate was obtained with 94.83% combustible recovery and 17.86% ash content at optimum conditions after 8 min flotation time. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Bu çalışmada Adana/Feke Bölgesi'nden alınan spekülarit cevheri için fiziksel ayırma yöntemleri endüstride kullanılabilecek özelliklere sahip konsantre elde edilmesi için uygulanmıştır. Kuvars minerali cevherdeki temel safsızlık olarak saptanmıştır. Manyetik zenginleştirme yöntemlerinden kuru manyetik, yaş manyetik ayırma yöntemleri ile gravite ayırma yöntemlerinden sallantılı masa ile ayırma yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Yüksek alan şiddetli yaş manyetik ayırma ile % 62,94 Fe2O3 içeren cevherden 6000 Gauss manyetik alan şiddetinde % 92,47 Fe2O3 tenörlü konsantre %69,91 kazanma verimiyle elde edilebilmiştir. Kuru manyetik ayırma işlemi ile %75,62 Fe2O3 içeren konsantre %89,43 verimle kazanılırken sallantılı masa deneylerinde %71,7 Fe2O3 içerikli konsantre % 75,54 kazanma verimiyle elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, spekülarit cevherinin demir-çelik ve boya endüstrisinde hammadde olarak kullanılabilecek özellikte zenginleştirileceğini göstermiştir. In this research, physical separation methods for a specularite ore taken from Adana/Feke region were applied to obtain a concentrate, which is suitable for industrial usages. Quartz mineral in the specularite ore was detected as basic impurity. Dry/wet magnetic separation techniques from magnetic beneficiation methods and shaking table tests from gravity separation methods were applied. The best concentrate with 92,47% Fe2O3 grade and 69,91% recovery yield could have been obtained from the ore containing 62,94% FeO3 by high intensity wet magnetic separation method at 6000 Gauss magnetic field strength. Also, the concentrate which has 75,62% Fe2O grade with 89,43% yield was enriched by dry magnetic separation while the other concentrate with 71,7% FeO3 grade and 75,54% recovery yield was obtained by shaking table tests. The results show that specularite ores can be beneficiated for using in steelmaking and painting industries as a raw material.

In this study, unburned carbon recovery from lime calcination plant tailings was investigated using diesel oil, kerosene, MIBC and pine oil. A series of laboratory experiments using 23 full factorial designs was conducted to determine the types and dosages of collector and frother. For these tests, data were analyzed by the paired t-test. The main and interaction effects on combustible recovery were evaluated using Yates' analysis. By optimizing the flotation parameters at slurry concentration of 34% solids, flotation time of 2.5 min, pH of 7.5, collector diesel oil dosage of 2780 g/t, and frother pine oil dosage of 2620 g/t, unburned carbon (UC) has been successfully recovered with 93.07% combustible recovery (CR) and 6030 kcal/kg calorifical value. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management Unit The authors thank the Kaksan Lime Company, for their great help on laboratory support. This study was supported by the Cukurova University Scientific Research Projects Directorate (project no. MMF2004BAP8).

Wastewater of a silver processing plant at the Eti Gumus plant located at Kutahya, Turkey was treated with an acidification, volatilisation and reneutralisation (AVR) process for cyanide recovery as a preliminary treatment, and with ozone and ozone/UV light plus catalysts as a secondary treatment. Average NaCN concentrations of slurry with AVR were reduced from 900 ± 50 ppm to 50 ± 10 ppm. Then, oxidation of cyanide in the presence of titanium dioxide, zinc sulphate and copper sulphate as catalysts was investigated and variations in CN- and CNO- ion concentrations were measured with a cyanide electrode and ion chromatography, respectively. The reaction time reduced to 12 min with the addition of catalysts when ozone consumption was 0100 g min-1 after 25 min with ozone alone and 0071 g min-1 after 20 min for the ozone/UV system. As a result, the most effective method to achieve appropriate discharge values for cyanide with respect to environmental protection laws was the ozone/UV/TiO2 system with AVR recovery for the effluents of silver ore leaching. © 2005 Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining and Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.

WOS: 000182284200011, The aim of this research was to increase the silver extraction rate of the limonite-manganiferous silver ore from Gumuskoy, north western Turkey. The effects of the addition of oxidising agents (air, hydrogen peroxide and gaseous oxygen) on silver leaching were studied. The use of hydrogen peroxide mixed with air increased the rate of silver dissolution and also shortened the leaching time. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

PubMedID: 19137866 In this study, the statistical analysis of manganese contents for soil, leaf and grain samples of the wheat plants, Triticum spelta, in the Cukurova Region of Adana in Turkey was performed to determine the relationship among the variables and correlation coefficients of manganese (Mn) contents. The soil samples were taken from the plant rhizosphere. Leaf samples at the stem elongation time and grain samples at the physiological maturity stage were analysed for Mn contents. The Mn contents of soil (MnS) were between 1.47 and 3.80 mg kg-1, but the MnS of some samples were measured below the critical level of soil (1.00 mg kg-1). Whereas Mn contents of leaves (MnL) were obtained between 47.55 and 126.40 mg kg-1. The Mn contents of grain (MnG) were obtained between 20.16 and 49.08 mg kg-1. Direct correlation was found between MnL and MnG. But indirect correlations between was found MnS and MnG. Correlation between MnL and MnG was significant at the 0.01 level according to statistical analysis. © 2008 Asian Network for Scientific Information.

High cyanide concentrations are used for leaching ground silver ore at the Eti Gumus plant located at Kutahya, Turkey. In this study, stripping parameters for cyanide recovery by a process of Acidification, Volatilization and Re-neutralization (AVR) were investigated for the tailings from the plant, and optimal values of parameters were determined to assess the technical feasibility of the AVR process. A pilot plant was designed, constructed and run continuously for 14 days. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the effects of variables such as pH, aeration velocity, gas/liquid (G/L) ratio, ambient temperature and aeration (strip) time on NaCN recovery. Experimental pilot plant data indicated that a cyanide recovery of over 97% could be achieved using optimized conditions and the corresponding effluent concentration could be reduced to significantly less than the required maximum level of 50 mg/L NaCN. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. British Association for Psychopharmacology This work was supported financially under project YDABCAG199Y102 (TUBITAK), FBE 2002 D 33 (CU BAP). The authors also wish to thank the Eti Gumus Co. for providing test samples, financial support and laboratory facilities.

The aim of this study was to obtain a high grade and yield percentage of iron concentrate from a specularite ore by using wet magnetic separation and reverse flotation techniques. The processing a specularite sample using wet magnetic separation and reverse flotation method was studied. During the magnetic separation process, particle size was -2000 µm and magnetic field applied at 0.25 T and 0.85 T which were performed at a solid-liquid ratio of 10% and 20% by weight, respectively. In the reverse flotation tests, experimental design DOE was applied, statistically. Depressant dosage, collector dosage and flotation time were selected as main parameters. PH value, frother dosage MIBC and particle size were constant parameters. The results showed that particle size and magnetic field intensity had a significant effect on the iron concentrate grade and yield for wet magnetic separation. The optimum value of iron concentrate grade was 98.75% at 0.25 T and particle size of -150 µm while the highest value of iron concentrate yield was 67% at 0.75 T and particle size of -74 µm. In the flotation tests, depressant dosage had the greatest influence on the iron concentrate grade while the effect of the collector dosage and froth collection time were less. Froth collection time had the greatest effect on iron concentrate yield.The maximum iron concentrate grade was 90.13% for the following conditions: 5250 g/ton depressant, 1000 g/ton collector and 2-minute froth collection time. The maximum iron concentrate yield was 98.96% for the following conditions: 5250 g/ton depressant, 1500 g/ton collector and 1 min froth collection time under fixed conditions.