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The Bulk Synchronous Parallel (BSP) paradigm is gaining tremendous importance recently due to the popularity of computations as distributed machine learning and graph computation. In a typical BSP job, multiple workers concurrently conduct iterative computations, where frequent synchronization is required. Therefore, the workers should be scheduled simultaneously and their placement on different computing devices could significantly affect the performance. Simply retrofitting a traditional scheduling discipline will likely not yield the desired performance due to the unique characteristics of BSP jobs. In this work, we derive SPIN , a novel scheduling designed for BSP jobs with placement-sensitive execution to minimize the makespan of all jobs. We first prove the problem approximation hardness and then present how SPIN solves it with a rounding-based randomized approximation approach. Our analysis indicates SPIN achieves a good performance guarantee efficiently. Moreover, SPIN is robust against misestimation of job execution time by theoretically bounding its negative impact. We implement SPIN on a production-trace driven testbed with 40 GPUs. Our extensive experiments show that SPIN can reduce the job makespan and the average job completion time by up to $3\times $ and $4.68\times $ , respectively. SPIN also demonstrates better robustness to execution time misestimation compared with state-of-the-art heuristic baselines.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of resistance exercise on peripheral inflammatory biomarkers in healthy adults.Four databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus, were searched from inception until April 1st, 2022. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model, followed by sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, meta-regression analysis, and publication bias analysis.15 randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that resistance exercise significantly decreased TNF-α levels (SMD = -0.81, 95% CI: -1.42 to -0.20, p = 0.009) but did not affect IL-6 and CRP levels. Individuals with BMI 18.5-24.9 exhibited significantly decreased IL-6 levels, while moderate strength resistance exercise could significantly decrease TNF-α levels. Finally, age might be a confounding factor influencing the effect of resistance exercise on IL-6.Resistance exercise could reduce TNF-α levels in healthy adults, and resistance exercise with moderate intensity could reduce TNF-α levels more effectively.

Motivated by practical scenarios in areas such as Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) and Content Delivery Networks (CDNs), we study online file caching on multiple caches, where a file request might be relayed to other caches or bypassed directly to the memory when a cache miss happens. We can also choose to fetch files from the memory to caches and conduct file replacement if necessary. We take the relaying, bypassing and fetching costs altogether into consideration. We first show the inherent difficulty of the problem even when the online requests are of uniform costs. We propose an $O(\log {K})$ -competitive randomized online multiple caching algorithm (named Camul ) and an $O(K)$ -competitive deterministic algorithm (named Camul-Det ), where $K$ is the total number of slots in all caches. Both of them achieve asymptotically optimal competitive ratios. Moreover, our algorithms can be implemented efficiently such that each request is processed in amortized constant time. We conduct extensive simulations on production data traces from Google and a benchmark workload from Yahoo . It shows that our algorithms dramatically outperform state-of-the-art schemes, i.e., reducing the total cost by 85% and 43% respectively compared with important baselines and their strengthened versions with request relaying. More importantly, Camul achieves such a good total cost without sacrificing other performance measures, e.g., the hit ratio, and performs consistently well on various settings of experiment parameters.

With this meta-analysis we aimed at systematically evaluating the intervention effects of aerobic exercise on inflammatory factors in healthy adults and identifying an optimal aerobic exercise program with anti-inflammatory effects.Four databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and SPORTDiscus, were searched from inception until April 30, 2021. Stata version 11.0 was used for data analysis.A total of 15 studies with 1160 participants were included. The pooled estimates showed that aerobic exercise could significantly reduce TNFα levels (SMD=-0.30, 95% CI: -0.58 - -0.03, p=0.032), while the levels of IL-6 (SMD=-0.14, 95% CI: -0.32-0.03, p=0.109) and CRP (SMD=-0.09, 95% CI: -0.34-0.16, p=0.484) were not significantly affected.Aerobic exercise exerts a positive effect by preventing inflammation-related diseases.

Laser diode (LD) driven lighting is expected to be the next-generation lighting, and red CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ (CASN) phosphor is still required for high-quality LD white lighting. Utilizing glass with a suitable thermal expansion coefficient and low softening temperature as the inorganic binder, CASN phosphor-in-glass-films (PiFs) are fabricated in this work. High efficiency and thermal stability are achieved by optimizing the reaction of CASN and glass. Introducing Lu3Al5O12:Ce (LuAG) to offset the luminous spectra of CASN PiFs, broad emission spectra and high efficiency are recorded. High color rendering index (CRI, 88.6), luminous efficiency (LE, 153 lm W−1), and luminous flux (LF, 1162 lm) are achieved simultaneously when the PiFs are excited by a 455 nm blue LD. At last, the high color quality LD white lighting produced by PiFs is displayed for the first time. We believe that the results provided by this work are an enormous progress for PiFs and encourage more researchers to provide new strategies to acquire high performance of PiFs in white LD lighting.

We present a unified polynomial-time approximation scheme (PTAS) for the prize collecting traveling salesman problem (PCTSP) and the prize collecting Steiner tree problem (PCSTP) in doubling metrics. Given a metric space and a penalty function on a subset of points known as terminals, a solution is a subgraph on points in the metric space, whose cost is the weight of its edges plus the penalty due to terminals not covered by the subgraph. Under our unified framework, the solution subgraph needs to be Eulerian for PCTSP, while it needs to be connected for PCSTP. Before our work, even a QPTAS for the problems in doubling metrics is not known. Our unified PTAS is based on the previous dynamic programming frameworks proposed in [Talwar STOC 2004] and [Bartal, Gottlieb, Krauthgamer STOC 2012]. However, since it is unknown which part of the optimal cost is due to edge lengths and which part is due to penalties of uncovered terminals, we need to develop new techniques to apply previous divide-and-conquer strategies and sparse instance decompositions., Appeared in ESA 2018. This is the full version

Pancreaticojejunostomy is the most common anastomosis following pancreaticoduodenectomy and middle pancreatectomy. The detailed surgical technics of pancreaticojejunostomy vary dramatically, but none of them can achieve zero fistula rate. In recent years,with the development of new surgical concept,application of new surgical technology, high-tech materials and instruments,the incidence of pancreatic fistula has decreased. At the same time,researches on investigating the risk factors of pancreaticojejunostomy are gradually deepening. Based on years of surgical experience on pancreaticojejunostomy and current literatures, this paper analyzes the factors affecting the effect of pancreaticojejunostomy, such as the patient's basic physical state,pancreatic texture and diameter of the pancreatic duct,pathology and course of the disease,surgical technology and perioperative management,and summarizes six technical principles for pancreaticojejunostomy to be shared with surgical comrades:appropriate tension,protection of blood supply,hermetic closure of pancreatic section,accurate connection of pancreatic duct and intestinal mucosa,individualization,learning and accumulation of experience.胰肠吻合是胰十二指肠切除和胰腺中段切除后最常用的吻合方法，其具体操作技术变化多样，目前尚无一种方法可完全避免术后胰瘘的发生。近年来，随着外科理念、手术技术和高科技材料及器械的不断进步，胰瘘发生率有所降低。同时对胰肠吻合效果影响因素的研究亦在逐步深入。作者结合自己多年来实施该手术操作的经验及查阅相关文献，对患者的身体状态和基础条件、胰腺质地和主胰管直径、主要原发病及病程、手术技术、围手术期管理等影响胰肠吻合效果的因素进行了分析，并总结概括了张力适度、保护血运、胰腺断面封闭、胰管和肠黏膜精准对合、个体化、重视学习和经验积累等6条胰肠吻合的手术技术原则，供同道参考。.

In edge-cloud computing, a set of servers (called edge servers) are deployed near the mobile devices to allow these devices to offload their jobs to and subsequently obtain their results from the edge servers with low latency. One fundamental problem in edge-cloud systems is how to dispatch and schedule the jobs so that the job response time (defined as the interval between the release of the job and the arrival of the computation result at the device) is minimized. In this paper, we propose a general model for this problem, where the jobs are generated in arbitrary order and at arbitrary times at the mobile devices and then offloaded to servers with both upload and download delays. Our goal is to minimize the total weighted response time of all the jobs. The weight is set based on how latency-sensitive the job is. We derive the first online job dispatching and scheduling algorithm in edge-clouds, called OnDisc , which is scalable in the speed augmentation model; that is, OnDisc is $(1 + \varepsilon )$ -speed $O(1/\varepsilon )$ -competitive for any small constant $\varepsilon >0$ . Moreover, OnDisc can be easily implemented in distributed systems. We also extend OnDisc with a fairness knob to incorporate the trade-off between the average job response time and the degree of fairness among jobs. Extensive simulations based on a real-world data-trace from Google show that OnDisc can reduce the total weighted response time dramatically compared with heuristic algorithms.

A coflow is a collection of related parallel flows that occur typically between two stages of a multi-stage computing task in a network, such as shuffle flows in MapReduce. The coflow abstraction allows applications to convey their semantics to the network so that application-level requirements can be better satisfied. In this paper, we study the routing and scheduling of multiple coflows to minimize the total weighted coflow completion time (CCT). We first propose a rounding-based randomized approximation algorithm, called OneCoflow , for single coflow routing and scheduling. The multiple coflow problem is more challenging as coexisting coflows will compete for the same network resources, such as link bandwidth. To minimize the total weighted CCT, we derive an online multiple coflow routing and scheduling algorithm, called OMCoflow . We then derive a competitive ratio bound of our problem and prove that the competitive ratio of OMCoflow is nearly tight. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first online algorithm with theoretical performance guarantees which considers routing and scheduling simultaneously for multi-coflows. Compared with existing methods, OMCoflow runs more efficiently and avoids frequently rerouting the flows. Extensive simulations on a Facebook data trace show that OMCoflow outperforms the state-of-the-art heuristic schemes significantly (e.g., reducing the total weighted CCT by up to 41.8% and the execution time by up to 99.2% against RAPIER).

Since the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS) has been proposed,it is valued,enriched and developed along with controversy and discussion. Although the content of ERAS involves multidisciplinary fields and is not an independent branch of surgery,surgeons,as an indispensable part,play an important role. At present,surgeons should pay more attention to post-operation complication rate,unplanned readmission rate and reoperation rate,and avoid these problems to the most extent by combining excellent surgical techniques with solid non-technical skills. As consequence,we would implement ERAS much better and be of great benefit to patients.术后加速康复（ERAS）理念自提出以来，在争议与讨论中不断地被重视、丰富与发展。虽然ERAS的内容涉及多个学科领域，并非外科学的独立分支，但外科医师作为其中不可或缺的一部分，发挥着重要作用。目前，外科医师需要给予术后并发症发生率、再住院率及再手术率等问题更多的关注，并能够结合优秀的外科技术与扎实的非外科技术最大程度地解决这些问题，从而更好地实施和开展ERAS，使患者受益。.

The rapid development of professional technology not only brings great benefits to patients, but also reveals the problem of non-technical skills. Technical competence is not enough to avoid the occurrence of adverse medical events or to get optimal post-operative outcomes. The development of technology is endless, we are desperately in need of non-technical skills, such as situation awareness, decision making, communication and teamwork, leadership. The only way we could achieve in the assistance of the perfect surgical operation with the combination of excellent surgical techniques and solid non-technical skills, and therefore relieve the patients as much as possible.外科领域专业技术的飞速发展在为患者带来福音的同时，也使非外科技术问题日益突显，光有外科技术不足以完全避免外科手术的失误。技术的发展是永无止境的，但作为外科医师的我们，更需要扎实的非外科技术，如情景意识、决策能力、沟通与合作、引领导向能力。只有将优秀的外科技术与扎实的非外科技术相结合，才能助力外科手术的完美，最大程度地解除患者痛苦，使患者受益。.