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Taiwan is located in subtropical monsoon area and Pacific Ring of Fire. Both the rate of crustal uplift and annual rainfall are among the highest in the world. Earthquakes and heavy rainfall have led to massive landslides and debris flow. Frequent disasters and the high rate of surface erosion have caused drastic changes in river topography and catchment areas, and, consequently, have impacted the safety of human lives. To mitigate the losses, better simulation and prediction of landslides are critical. Existing landslide prediction research works employed terrain, geology, rainfall, earthquakes and human activities as landslide triggering factors in the predicting model. In addition to aforementioned environmental conditions, this study would like to explore the use of SAR differential interferometry (InSAR) information to help observe characteristics of the slope movement behavior, which is also an important factor. Factors are analyzed and quantified on the basis of slope units. To confirm the applicability of selected factors to landslide, factors are firstly analyzed with Spearman correlation, and then those with higher correlations are incorporated into the prediction model. Machine learning based techniques are then employed to establish the prediction model. The experiment result demonstrates that InSAR information can improve the accuracy by more than 5% in landslide prediction.

Kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs) are ubiquitous throughout the plasma universe. Although they are broadly believed to provide a potential approach for energy exchange between electromagnetic fields and plasma particles, neither the detail nor the efficiency of the interactions has been well-determined yet. The primary difficulty has been the paucity of knowledge of KAWs’ spatial structure in observation. Here, we apply a particle-sounding technique to Magnetospheric Multiscale mission data to quantitatively determine the perpendicular wavelength of KAWs from ion gyrophase-distribution observations. Our results show that KAWs’ perpendicular wavelength is statistically 2.4$$\pm 0.7$$ ± 0.7 times proton thermal gyro-radius. This observation yields an upper bound of the energy the majority proton population can reach in coherent interactions with KAWs, that is, roughly 5.76 times proton perpendicular thermal energy. Therefore, the method and results shown here provide a basis for unraveling the effects of KAWs in dissipating energy and accelerating particles in a number of astrophysical systems, e.g., planetary magnetosphere, astrophysical shocks, stellar corona and wind, and the interstellar medium.

Hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) is the most common pathological obstetric disease. However, there is no uniform standard in the world for classification of HIP and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM). This article will analyze this issue and support the International association of diabetes and pregnancy study group(IADPSG) criteria as a global standard for diagnosing GDM,also support HIP should be divided into four categories: PGDM, ODM, GDM and prediabetes, so as to refine clinical management.妊娠期高血糖（HIP）是最常见的病理产科疾病。但无论是HIP分类还是妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）诊断，目前全球均缺乏统一标准，本文将对此展开分析。支持国际糖尿病合并妊娠研究组（IADPSG）标准作为全球统一标准诊断GDM，也支持HIP分为孕前糖尿病、妊娠期高血糖、GDM及孕前或孕后糖尿病前期四大类，以细化临床管理。.

Healthcare-associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has significant implications for patients, their companions and healthcare workers (HCWs). Controlling transmission in healthcare settings is critical to reduce deaths due to COVID-19.To describe the epidemiology and characteristics of healthcare-associated COVID-19 outbreaks and outbreak-related cases.The investigation data for each healthcare-associated outbreak that occurred between 15In total, 54 healthcare-associated COVID-19 outbreaks including 512 confirmed cases were reported. The median number of affected cases per outbreak was six [interquartile range (IQR) 2-12], and the median outbreak duration was 12 days (IQR 4.3-17.0). Only 5.7% and 0.2% of all confirmed cases were partially and fully vaccinated, respectively. Most outbreaks (90%, 48/54) occurred in May and June 2021. HCW cases, companion cases and patient cases accounted for 19.5%, 41.2% and 39.3% of the total cases. Patient cases were significantly older (median age 72 years, IQR 61-83) and had higher 30-day all-cause mortality (37.4%) than HCW cases (median age 41 years, IQR 28-58, 0%) and companion cases (median age 52 years; IQR 42-62, 1%).Healthcare-associated COVID-19 outbreaks have a critical impact on patients. Nevertheless, two-thirds of cases in the healthcare-associated outbreaks in this study comprised HCWs and companions. In order to effectively mitigate COVID-19 transmission in healthcare settings, multi-pronged infection prevention and control measures should be implemented and tailored for these three groups.

胰岛素是孕期控制血糖的药物首选。几乎所有的孕前糖尿病、大多数妊娠期显性糖尿病、20%左右的妊娠期糖尿病需要应用胰岛素控制孕期血糖。与非孕期相比，孕期餐后血糖更高，波动更大，且随孕周进展及胎盘功能变化，血糖水平不断变化。孕期胰岛素应用需结合不同孕周血糖特点，选择合理的剂型及治疗方案，本文就包括门冬胰岛素、赖脯胰岛素、谷赖胰岛素、地特胰岛素、甘精胰岛素以及德谷胰岛素在内的胰岛素类似物在妊娠期降糖疗效和安全性作一阐述。.

In current sampling approaches, there exists a divergence between the surveillance of arthropod‐borne and that of non‐arthropod‐borne viruses. It is commonly held that the collection of vector specimens applies only to arbovirus surveillance and that the surveillance of non‐arboviruses must rely on traditional methods that involve the sampling of blood, faeces or saliva, or other examinations. The vector‐based approach is a sampling method that has the ability to survey both arboviruses and non‐arboviruses by distinguishing engorged vector specimens from entire vector samples. Accordingly, five arboviruses and three non‐arboviruses were detected in a study using a vector‐based approach conducted during 2012–2015. Hence, this report provides the first description of the Taiwanese vector species for the bovine arboviruses detected. The present investigations demonstrate that the vector‐based approach applies not only to the surveillance of arboviruses, but also has potential as a possible tool for monitoring non‐arboviruses on livestock farms in the future., Vector‐based sampling has potential for the simultaneous monitoring of arboviruses and non‐arboviruses on livestock farms.The vector or potential vector species of five bovine arboviruses detected in Taiwan were identified for the first time.Aino virus and Peaton virus were detected in Taiwan for the first time.

In Taiwan, an outbreak of acute hepatitis A (AHA) infection has been identified since June 2015. Approximately half of the cases occurred in HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM). We used the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (TCDC)-operated National Disease Surveillance Systems (NDSS) to identify the incidence of AHA during 2011-2016. Between June 2015 and December 2016, a total of 1268 AHA cases were documented, and 601 cases (47.4%) were co-infected with HIV; the majority of whom were MSM (98.4%). Each AHA case was matched to two HIV-infected controls without AHA reported in the NDSS on age (± 5 years), risk factor of HIV infection, HIV diagnosis date (± 30 days) and county/city of residence at HIV diagnosis. Three hundred forty-three HIV/AHA cases were matched to 686 controls. In multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis, a previous gonorrhoea (adjusted OR=1.77, 95% CI 1.16-2.70) and recent (aOR=6.77, 95% CI 4.34-10.55) or remote syphilis report (aOR=3.56, 95% CI 2.48-5.13) were independently associated with AHA. The epidemic persisted till December 2016, and the cases with a new diagnosis of HIV infection after AHA (28/301, 9.3%) increased after July 2016 (P = .001). HIV/AHA cases were centralized in northern and central metropolitan areas and HIV-infected MSM with a recent history of sexually transmitted diseases in Taiwan. We recommend surveillance of associated behavioural and virologic characteristics and HAV counselling and testing for HIV-infected men.

An artificial diet formulated for continuous rearing of the predator Arma chinensis was inferior to natural prey when evaluated using life history parameters. A transcriptome analysis identified differentially expressed genes in diet-fed and prey-fed A. chinensis that were suggestive of molecular mechanisms underlying the nutritive impact of the artificial diet. Changes in the diet formulation were made based on the transcriptome analysis and tested using life history parameters. The quantity of pig liver, chicken egg, tuna fish, biotin, nicotinamide, vitamin B6, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin C, L-glutamine, and sucrose was reduced, and wheat germ oil, calcium pantothenate and folic acid were increased. Ecuadorian shrimp was added as a partial substitute for tuna fish. Several parameters improved over six generations, including increased egg viability, and decreased egg and adult cannibalism. Additionally, several parameters declined, including longer developmental times for 2nd–5th instars, and decreased nymphal weights. The improvements in life history parameters support the use of transcriptome analyses to help direct formulation improvements. However, the decline in some parameters suggests that additional information, e.g., proteomic data, may be useful as well to maximize diet formulations.

Schistosomiasis was once heavily endemic in Jiangsu Province. Following the control efforts for several decades, schistosomiasis was almost eradicated in all endemic counties in Jiangsu Province in 1980, and transmission control was achieved in the province in 2011. According to the principle of "implementing the control measures with adaptation to local circumstances and guiding the control programs with classified interventions", an integrated strategy with emphasis on the management of both infectious sources and snails has been recently employed for schitsosomiasis control in Jiangsu Province. In addition, a sensitive and highly effective surveillance system has been built and the application of novel techniques and information construction has been intensified to effectively interrupt the transmission of schistosomiasis in the Province. Transmission interruption of schistosomiasis was achieved in all endemic counties in Jiangsu Province. The paper summarizes the endemic situation of schistosomiasis, progress of schistosomiasis control, and major schistosomiasis control measures implemented during the stage of transmission interruption in Jiangsu Province.

一直以来，全球缺乏统一的妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）诊断标准，一直到2008年高血糖与妊娠不良结局（HAPO）研究公布，2010年国际妊娠合并糖尿病共识小组（IADPSG）诊断标准诞生，并被越来越多的国家及学术机构采纳，才基本结束了这一局面。2019年，随着HAPO随访研究（HAPO FUS）陆续发表，业界对GDM产后转归、孕期轻度高血糖对母婴两代人的深远影响，均产生了更加深入的认识。本文将从HAPO研究到HAPO FUS进行阐述，以了解这些里程碑意义的研究带给我们的启示。.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:Risk stratification with different models in bladder cancer have been introduced for prognosis prediction, including European Organization for Research and Treatment of ...

Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) recently are in rapid advancement, meanwhile portable and flexible mini-UAV-borne laser scanners have been a hot research field, especially for the complex terrain survey in the mountains and other areas. This study proposes a power line inspection system solution based on mini-UAV-borne LIDAR system–AOEagle, developed by Academy of Opto-Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, which mounted on a Multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle for complex terrain survey according to real test. Furthermore, the point cloud data was explored to validate its applicability for power line inspection, in terms of corridor and line laser point clouds; deformation detection of power towers, etc. The feasibility and advantages of AOEagle have been demonstrated by the promising results based on the real-measured data in the field of power line inspection.

The impact of a zoophytogenous, insect-free artificial diet and a secondary prey, pupae of Chinese oak silk moth Antheraea pernyi (Guérin-Méneville) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), on the developmental rate, life history parameters, and fertility was examined for F6, F9, and F12 consecutive generations for domesticated Arma chinensis (Fallou) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). This study showed that when fed an insect-free artificial diet during both the nymphal and adult stages, developmental times were prolonged, and fecundity, egg viability, net reproductive rates (R0), and intrinsic rates of increase (rm) declined. As a result, the cost to rear A. chinensis on the artificial diet approached 1.7 times the cost of rearing A. chinensis on pupae of A. pernyi. Future diet improvements should attempt to reduce developmental time, increase fecundity, and egg viability and use less costly nutrient sources.

To study the cost of osteoporotic fracture in China, we performed a prospective study and compared the costs of the disease in referral patients with fractures in three of the most common sites. Our results indicated that the economic burden of osteoporotic fracture to both Chinese patients and the nation is heavy.This paper aims to study the cost of osteoporotic fracture in China and thus to provide essential information about the burden of this disease to individuals and society.This prospective observational data collection study assessed the cost related to hip, vertebral, and wrist fracture 1 year after the fracture based on a patient sample consisting of 938 men and women. Information was collected using patient records, registry sources, and patient interviews. Both direct medical, direct non-medical, and indirect non-medical costs were considered.The annual total costs were highest in hip fracture patients (renminbi, RMB 27,283 or USD 4,330, with confidence interval (RMB 25715, 28851)), followed by patients with vertebral fracture (RMB 21,474 or USD 3,409, with confidence interval (RMB 20082, 22866)) and wrist fracture (RMB 8,828 or USD 1,401, with confidence interval (RMB 7829, 9827)). The direct medical care costs averaged approximately RMB 17,007 per year per patient, of which inpatient costs, drugs, and investigations accounted for the majority of the costs. Nonmedical direct costs were much less compared to direct healthcare costs and averaged approximately RMB 1,846.These results indicate that the economic burden of osteoporotic fracture to both Chinese patients and China was heavy, and the proportion of the costs in China demonstrated many similar features and some significant differences compared to other countries.

This study reports the online fluorescent detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and α-fetoprotein (AFP) biomarker proteins in microfluidic channels using functional nanoparticles. Functional magnetic nanoparticles labeled with two antibodies were predeposited on separated microfluidic channels. Antigens were passed through each microfluidic channel to react with the respective antibodies. Two types of fluorescent nanoparticles labeled with antibodies were then used to detect and confirm antigens in the immunocomplex. Results indicate that online fluorescent detection of proteins can provide advantages for real-time monitoring and diagnostic applications. The running time was less than 20 min for each trial. The detection limits of CEA and AFP were found to be 0.6 and 0.2 pg ml-1. These detection limits are lower than those of ELISA. The linear ranges of CEA and AFP detection were from 1.8 pg ml-1 to 1.8 ng ml-1 and from 0.68 pg ml-1 to 0.68 ng ml-1 for two deposition zones in a magnetic sandwich immunoassay. The linear ranges of this method are wider than those of ELISA and those of most other methods. The measurements of CEA and AFP in serum samples from this method differed from ELISA results by 11% and 9.4%, respectively. The detection limit of online detection has achieved the same range as those of previous offline detection. This method has a good potential for automation and multichannel analysis to increase the throughput with some modifications in the future. The proposed method can provide simple, fast, and sensitive online detection for biomarkers.

Microfluidics has emerged as a promising platform for discovery and detection of molecular biomarkers recently. With this approach, the discovery of these biomarkers could be more efficient in time and consumes less samples and reagents. Furthermore, the entire discovery process could be automated since all the functional microfluidic devices such as micropumps and microvalves could be integrated on a single chip. Similarly, the detection of the discovered molecular biomarkers is also promising. Detection of nucleic acid biomarkers, protein biomarkers, and metabolite biomarkers has been demonstrated on microfluidic platforms recently. When compared with their large-scale counterparts, the miniature system can perform the detection of these biomarkers within less analysis time while a multiplexed detection scheme could be easily achieved. Furthermore, the entire detection process could be automated on the single chip as well. This review paper is therefore to review the recent development of microfluidic devices and systems for the discovery and detection of the molecular biomarker. Techniques for biomarker discovery, verification, and detection that have been adapted into microfluidics were first reviewed, and their advantages were highlighted. The new approach of biomarker screening based on in vitro-generated affinity reagents such as nucleic acid aptamers and peptide affinity reagents was then reviewed. Finally, in the biomarker detection section, this review placed a special emphasis on commercialized microfluidic-based diagnostics for molecular biomarkers.

Summary What is known and Objective: The Department of Health (DOH) in Taiwan issued the ‘Guidelines for Benzodiazepine Use in Sedation and Hypnosis’ in March 2004, which clearly stated that benzodiazepines (BZDs) should not be used alone for the treatment of depression. However, the extent to which clinicians comply with the BZD guidelines was not known. This study aimed to evaluate whether sole prescribing of BZDs for major depression decreased after the implementation of the BZD guidelines. Methods: This was a retrospective longitudinal trend analysis by analyzing the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) from September 2002 to September 2005. The LHID contains all claims data from a random sample of 1 000 000 beneficiaries of the universal National Health Insurance programme in Taiwan. The 3-year study period was divided equally into six periods, before and after the implementation of the guidelines respectively. For each period, the proportion of patients with major depression (ICD-9-CM code 296.2x, 296.3x) treated with BZDs without any concomitant antidepressant was calculated in order to conduct a trend analysis. Results and Discussion: A total of 5463 prescriptions of BZDs solely used for major depression were observed in the entire study period. In more than 80% of the BZD prescriptions in which BZDs were used alone for major depression, they were prescribed at doses higher than one prescribed daily dose/defined daily dose and were supplied for more than 7 days. The number of outpatients with major depression ranged from 2137 to 3326 during the 12 periods. The proportion of depressed patients treated with BZDs alone per 3 months (i.e., the non-compliance rate) fluctuated from 6·7% to 9·4% before implementation of the guidelines, and from 8·0% to 9·4% after implementation, in outpatient settings. In addition, the guideline non-adherence rates in inpatient settings varied from 7·0% to 11·8% and from 7·8% to 12·6% before and after the implementation of the BZD guidelines respectively. Further trend analyses indicated that the implementation of the guidelines was not associated with a reduced rate of sole prescribing of BZDs for major depression in either inpatient (P = 0·083) or outpatient settings (P = 0·925). What is new and Conclusion: The formulation and implementation of the BZD guidelines appear not to be associated with a reduced rate of sole prescribing of BZDs for major depression, and more comprehensive efforts are required.

Summary Background Previous studies have demonstrated that the lack of lumican delayed corneal wound healing in lumican-null (Lum−/−) mice. This defect is rescued by the addition of glycosylated lumican core protein to the injured corneas. Objectives We examined the hypothesis that lumican is also required for the healing of cutaneous wounds using Lum−/− mice. Methods We demonstrated the basic thinner skin phenotypes in Lum−/− mice at different time points and the changes in arrangement of collagen fibres by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A full skin thickness wound was generated by punch biopsy (6 mm diameter) in experimental Lum−/− and wild-type mice. The closure of injured skin was measured after various periods of time (3, 6, 12, 18 days). Specimens of injured and uninjured skin (serving as control) were then subjected to morphological examination with haematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome stains, and by TEM. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-CD68 antibody was used to assess the presence of macrophages in injured skin healing for various periods of time. Semiquantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to elucidate the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced myofibroblast phenotypic genes. Results Skin of adult Lum−/− mice (3 months and older) was much thinner (40% less) than that of age-matched wild-type mice. This phenomenon was aggravated in older mice. TEM revealed disoriented and irregular collagen fibrils in the dermis of Lum−/− mice. Delayed wound healing with an increase in inflammatory macrophages was compatible with the delayed response of the expression of TGF-β1, type I collagen α1 and fibronectin at the mRNA level by semiquantitative RT-PCR in the Lum−/− mice. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that lumican plays pivotal roles in skin collagen fibrillogenesis and wound healing.

Apurinic endonuclease 1 (Ape1) is not only involved in base excision repair, but also activates some transcriptional factors through its redox activity. However, which subcellular localization of Ape1 is involved in the activation of transcriptional factor remains unclear. We first observed that Cox-2 expression was associated with cytoplasmic Ape1 expression in lung tumors and cancer cell lines. We thus hypothesize that nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB is activated by cytoplasmic Ape1 to cause Cox-2 expression. Herein, we generated cytoplasmic and nuclear Ape1 in Ape1-knockdown lung cancer cells by exogenous expression of Ape1 containing various deletions and/or mutations of the nuclear localization sequence. It was observed that cytoplasmic Ape1, but not nuclear Ape1, induced Cox-2 expression through NF-kappaB activation. NF-kappaB activation by cytoplasmic Ape1 was diminished by the Ape1 redox activity inhibitor resveratrol. Cells expressing cytoplasmic Ape1 exhibited tumor progression and metastasis in vitro and in vivo as xenografts, but cells expressing nuclear Ape1 did not. Patients with tumors containing elevated cytoplasmic Ape1 had a poor prognosis and a 3.722-fold risk of tumor recurrence and/or metastasis. Cytoplasmic Ape1 could therefore enhance lung tumor malignancy through NF-kappaB activation, suggesting that combination of cisplatin and specific redox inhibitor could improve chemotherapeutic response in patients with tumors containing elevated cytoplasmic Ape1.

The synthesis and spectroscopic characterizations of size-controlled Cu and Cu 2 O nanoparticles forming self-assembled 2D superlattices with hexagonal packing are described. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the octanethiol-protected copper nanoparticles. Analysis of XPS confirms the formation of oxidized copper nanoparticles. Conductivity of copper metal film (0.1 μm) on the Si wafer can be improved simply by thermal annealing of copper monolayer protected clusters (MPCs) film (4.8 ± 0.5 × 10 2 μΩ cm) under air at 300 °C for 1 h, and then for another 5 h under a protective atmosphere of 90% N 2 –10% H 2 .

The presence of alloantibodies against human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in the circulation of a transplant recipient shows a significant negative impact on the outcome of solid-organ transplantations. The aim of this study was to examine the impact on renal graft survival of various patterns of alloantibodies detected among patients awaiting kidney transplantation. Among more than 2000 patients awaiting kidney transplantations between July 1992 and March 2006, were 683 patients who displayed anti-HLA alloantibodies, 318 of whom were enrolled in this study. Each patient was followed for at least 9 months; the presence of HLA alloantibodies was checked every 3 months by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among these 318 patients, 55 patients underwent kidney transplantations. Their median follow-up time was 69 (range, 9–129) months, including 267 (84%) who displayed persistent class I HLA alloantibodies. The intermittent presence of class I HLA alloantibodies was seen in 20 (6.3%) patients. Serum class I HLA antibodies which was positive at first then became undetectable in 4 (1.3%) patients. Three (0.9%) patients were unsensitized at first and then developed class I HLA alloantibodies later; & 24 (7.5%) patients had class I HLA alloantibodies only once during the follow-up period. Among these patients, 55 patients received renal transplantations. The median survival time was shortest in the patients with persistent class I HLA alloantibodies (59.9 months) and longest among patients who were positive at first and then became negative thereafter or in whom class I HLA alloantibodies was detected only once (132 months). There was a significant difference in graft survival times between patients who had persistent HLA alloantibodies and those in whom to have class I HLA alloantibodies were detected only once (P < .05). In this study, the persistent presence of class I HLA alloantibodies among pretransplantation patients was associated with poorer renal graft outcomes. Surveys of various patterns of sensitization to class I HLA antigen may help us to perform risk stratification. High-risk patients may need more aggressive approaches to deplete antibody or complement levels.

Anaemia is a common and serious complication in patients with end-stage renal disease. Iron therapy is crucial in managing anaemia and maintenance of haemodialysis (HD) patients. This study investigated the efficacy of both oral and intravenous (i.v.) therapies, and the possible factors deleteriously affecting patient response to iron therapy. Forty patients on maintenance HD from a single institution were enrolled in this 6-month retrospective study. Group I (n = 20) received i.v. two ampoules of atofen (ferric chloride hexahydrate 193.6 mg) per week for a total of 6 weeks (total dosage, 960 mg). Group II (n = 20) received oral ferrous sulphate S.C. Tab (ferrous sulphate 324 mg) one pill three times daily (total dosage, 63,000 mg). Patients whose haematocrit (Hct) level increased at minimum 3% within the period were classified as responders. Iron i.v. ferric chloride (960 mg) was more effective than oral ferrous sulphate (63,000 mg) in correcting anaemia in HD patients with iron deficiency. In group I, serum triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly lower in patients responding to i.v. iron therapy than in patients with no response. In group II, serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level was significantly lower in patients responding to oral iron therapy than patients with no response. The i.v. ferric chloride is more effective than oral ferrous sulphate in treating anaemia in HD patients with iron deficiency. Serum hs-CRP and TG levels may be parameters for predicting hyporesponsiveness to oral and i.v. iron therapies, respectively.

A new X-ray diffraction technique is developed to probe structural variations at the interfaces between epitaxy thin films and single-crystal substrates. The technique utilizes three-wave Bragg-surface diffraction, where a symmetric Bragg reflection and an asymmetric surface reflection are involved. The propagation of the latter along the interfaces conveys structural information about the interfacial region between the substrate and epi-layers. The sample systems of Au/GaAs(001) are subject to the three-wave diffraction investigation using synchrotron radiation. The GaAs three-wave Bragg-surface diffractions, (006)/(11¯3) and (006)/(1¯1¯3), are employed. The images of the surface diffracted waves are recorded with an image plate. The obtained images show relative positions of diffraction spots near the image of the interfacial boundary, which give the variation of lattice constant along the surface normal and in-plane directions. With the aid of grazing-incidence diffraction, three-dimensional mapping of strain field at the interfaces is possible. Details about this diffraction technique and the analysis procedures are discussed.

Nowadays, RT and MPRT become a very important factor to judge image quality. We have developed fastest response time and motion picture response time TFT LCD of the world for image quality request. Our panel can reach RT 2ms and gray to gray RT avg. below 2ms. We also combine the fastest cell and advanced over-drive system to make MPRT be 4ms.

Bromfenac, a promising ophthalmic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been used once daily for postoperative ocular inflammation and pain with satisfying efficacy, however, no integrated conclusion on its safety in clinical settings has been drawn. The purpose of this pooled analysis is to investigate the safety and efficacy of once daily bromfenac for ocular inflammation and pain among patients after cataract extraction (CE). MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched from inception to September 2014. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that studied topical bromfenac after CE were analyzed. Included studies were systemically reviewed, and effects were summarized using odds ratio (OR) with suitable effect model. Four RCTs involving 2294 participants were included. Topical bromfenac significantly increased the proportion of cleared ocular inflammation (OR, 2.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.83–3.07; P