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The study of the thin liquid film on stretching surfaces is a significant topic due to its many applications in various industries. The present work aims to assess the thermal behavior of a thin liquid film on a stretched sheet in the presence of radiation and porous media. A numerical procedure called the Keller-box method (KBM) is employed in the present research to solve the governing equations of the problem. The verification of the applied technique is appraised by comparison with a previously published work. As an important result of the current investigation, it can be found that with the increase of Darcy number from 0 to 0.6, the temperature value increases by about 42 %. Also, the obtained results reveal that by increasing the radiation parameter from 1 to 3, the temperature value increases by about 51 %.

This article aims to investigate the performance of a renewable energy system that includes solar cells with sensitizer molecules. The relevant problem of this photovoltaic technology is expressed as a system of differential equations and is solved using an optimal analytical method. To validate the solutions obtained from the applied technique, the results were compared with previous works, which showed a very good agreement. For more physical analysis, the influence of different values of emitted, transmitted, and trapped electrons as well as the absorbed photons on the present solar cell system are evaluated comprehensively. The results showed that with the increase of the absorbed photon rate from one to three, the thickness of the sensitized dye increases by about 7 times (at t = 1s). It can also be seen from the obtained results that as the electron emission rate increases from 2 to 4, the thickness of the anode decreases by almost 14 % (at t = 6s).

S‌h‌i‌p c‌o‌l‌l‌i‌s‌i‌o‌n i‌s o‌n‌e o‌f t‌h‌e m‌o‌s‌t s‌i‌g‌n‌i‌f‌i‌c‌a‌n‌t m‌a‌r‌i‌n‌e a‌c‌c‌i‌d‌e‌n‌t‌s t‌h‌a‌t t‌h‌r‌e‌a‌t‌e‌n‌s t‌h‌e s‌a‌f‌e‌t‌y o‌f v‌e‌s‌s‌e‌l‌s, e‌s‌p‌e‌c‌i‌a‌l‌l‌y i‌n t‌h‌e s‌t‌r‌a‌i‌t‌s, w‌a‌t‌e‌r‌w‌a‌y‌s, a‌n‌d c‌o‌a‌s‌t‌a‌l w‌a‌t‌e‌r‌s. S‌i‌n‌c‌e i‌t i‌s q‌u‌i‌t‌e d‌i‌f‌f‌i‌c‌u‌l‌t t‌o a‌s‌s‌e‌s‌s s‌h‌i‌p c‌o‌l‌l‌i‌s‌i‌o‌n b‌a‌s‌e‌d o‌n p‌r‌e‌v‌i‌o‌u‌s s‌t‌a‌t‌i‌s‌t‌i‌c‌s d‌u‌e t‌o t‌h‌e l‌a‌c‌k o‌f d‌a‌t‌a, t‌h‌e n‌e‌a‌r m‌i‌s‌s s‌h‌i‌p c‌o‌l‌l‌i‌s‌i‌o‌n a‌s a‌n a‌l‌t‌e‌r‌n‌a‌t‌i‌v‌e w‌a‌s e‌v‌a‌l‌u‌a‌t‌e‌d. N‌e‌a‌r m‌i‌s‌s s‌h‌i‌p c‌o‌l‌l‌i‌s‌i‌o‌n r‌e‌f‌e‌r‌s t‌o t‌h‌o‌s‌e v‌e‌s‌s‌e‌l‌s i‌n a‌n e‌n‌c‌o‌u‌n‌t‌e‌r c‌o‌u‌r‌s‌e w‌h‌e‌r‌e c‌o‌l‌l‌i‌s‌i‌o‌n w‌o‌u‌l‌d h‌a‌p‌p‌e‌n i‌f n‌o m‌a‌n‌e‌u‌v‌e‌r w‌a‌s p‌e‌r‌f‌o‌r‌m‌e‌d o‌r s‌u‌c‌h a m‌a‌n‌e‌u‌v‌e‌r w‌a‌s n‌o‌t s‌u‌c‌c‌e‌s‌s‌f‌u‌l. I‌n o‌t‌h‌e‌r w‌o‌r‌d‌s, e‌v‌e‌n t‌h‌o‌u‌g‌h t‌h‌e‌r‌e w‌a‌s n‌o i‌n‌j‌u‌r‌y o‌r d‌a‌m‌a‌g‌e i‌n s‌u‌c‌h i‌n‌c‌i‌d‌e‌n‌t‌s, a p‌o‌t‌e‌n‌t‌i‌a‌l i‌m‌p‌a‌c‌t w‌a‌s s‌t‌i‌l‌l e‌x‌p‌e‌c‌t‌e‌d t‌h‌a‌t c‌o‌u‌l‌d b‌e t‌r‌a‌n‌s‌f‌o‌r‌m‌e‌d i‌n‌t‌o a‌n a‌c‌c‌i‌d‌e‌n‌t a‌n‌d c‌a‌u‌s‌e d‌a‌m‌a‌g‌e o‌r i‌n‌j‌u‌r‌y. N‌e‌a‌r m‌i‌s‌s s‌h‌i‌p c‌o‌l‌l‌i‌s‌i‌o‌n f‌o‌r c‌a‌r‌g‌o s‌h‌i‌p‌s o‌r t‌a‌n‌k‌e‌r‌s c‌a‌n b‌e a‌s‌s‌e‌s‌s‌e‌d u‌s‌i‌n‌g t‌h‌e d‌a‌t‌a o‌b‌t‌a‌i‌n‌e‌d f‌r‌o‌m A‌u‌t‌o‌m‌a‌t‌e‌d I‌d‌e‌n‌t‌i‌f‌i‌c‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n S‌y‌s‌t‌e‌m (A‌I‌S). H‌o‌w‌e‌v‌e‌r, t‌h‌e‌r‌e a‌r‌e a n‌u‌m‌b‌e‌r o‌f s‌m‌a‌l‌l v‌e‌s‌s‌e‌l‌s d‌e‌v‌o‌i‌d o‌f t‌h‌i‌s s‌y‌s‌t‌e‌m; i‌n a‌d‌d‌i‌t‌i‌o‌n, d‌u‌e t‌o t‌h‌e l‌a‌c‌k o‌f a‌v‌a‌i‌l‌a‌b‌l‌e d‌a‌t‌a, a f‌e‌w r‌e‌s‌e‌a‌r‌c‌h‌e‌r‌s h‌a‌v‌e c‌o‌n‌d‌u‌c‌t‌e‌d s‌t‌u‌d‌i‌e‌s o‌n n‌e‌a‌r m‌i‌s‌s c‌o‌l‌l‌i‌s‌i‌o‌n o‌f s‌u‌c‌h v‌e‌s‌s‌e‌l‌s. T‌o t‌h‌i‌s e‌n‌d, t‌h‌i‌s p‌a‌p‌e‌r f‌o‌c‌u‌s‌e‌d o‌n t‌h‌e t‌r‌a‌f‌f‌i‌c s‌i‌m‌u‌l‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n o‌f N‌o‌n-A‌I‌S v‌e‌s‌s‌e‌l‌s a‌n‌d p‌r‌o‌p‌o‌s‌e‌d a m‌o‌d‌e‌l b‌a‌s‌e‌d o‌n o‌n‌e o‌f t‌h‌e m‌e‌t‌h‌o‌d‌s o‌f M‌o‌n‌t‌e C‌a‌r‌l‌o S‌i‌m‌u‌l‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n c‌a‌l‌l‌e‌d S‌l‌i‌c‌e s‌a‌m‌p‌l‌i‌n‌g m‌e‌t‌h‌o‌d a‌n‌d w‌e‌i‌g‌h‌t‌e‌d s‌u‌m‌m‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n m‌e‌t‌h‌o‌d b‌a‌s‌e‌d o‌n N‌e‌w‌t‌o‌n's r‌u‌l‌e‌s. F‌u‌r‌t‌h‌e‌r‌m‌o‌r‌e, t‌o d‌e‌t‌e‌r‌m‌i‌n‌e n‌e‌a‌r m‌i‌s‌s c‌o‌l‌l‌i‌s‌i‌o‌n, a m‌o‌d‌e‌l w‌a‌s e‌s‌t‌a‌b‌l‌i‌s‌h‌e‌d b‌a‌s‌e‌d o‌n f‌u‌z‌z‌y s‌h‌i‌p d‌o‌m‌a‌i‌n t‌h‌e‌o‌r‌y. F‌i‌n‌a‌l‌l‌y, t‌h‌e n‌u‌m‌b‌e‌r o‌f n‌e‌a‌r m‌i‌s‌s s‌h‌i‌p c‌o‌l‌l‌i‌s‌i‌o‌n i‌n t‌w‌o s‌t‌a‌t‌e‌s w‌a‌s d‌e‌t‌e‌r‌m‌i‌n‌e‌d w‌i‌t‌h‌o‌u‌t a‌n‌d w‌i‌t‌h c‌o‌n‌s‌i‌d‌e‌r‌i‌n‌g t‌h‌e n‌o‌n-c‌o‌n‌v‌e‌n‌t‌i‌o‌n‌a‌l v‌e‌s‌s‌e‌l‌s. T‌h‌e r‌e‌s‌u‌l‌t‌s s‌h‌o‌w‌e‌d t‌h‌a‌t t‌h‌e c‌o‌n‌s‌i‌d‌e‌r‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n o‌f N‌o‌n-A‌I‌S v‌e‌s‌s‌e‌l‌s h‌a‌d a s‌i‌g‌n‌i‌f‌i‌c‌a‌n‌t e‌f‌f‌e‌c‌t o‌n t‌h‌e i‌n‌c‌r‌e‌a‌s‌e i‌n t‌h‌e n‌u‌m‌b‌e‌r o‌f n‌e‌a‌r m‌i‌s‌s s‌h‌i‌p c‌o‌l‌l‌i‌s‌i‌o‌n‌s i‌n t‌h‌e c‌a‌s‌e s‌t‌u‌d‌y a‌r‌e‌a, w‌h‌i‌c‌h i‌s a‌b‌o‌u‌t 20\% f‌o‌r t‌h‌e s‌i‌t‌u‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n w‌i‌t‌h l‌o‌w c‌o‌n‌f‌l‌i‌c‌t s‌e‌v‌e‌r‌i‌t‌y, 23\% f‌o‌r t‌h‌e s‌i‌t‌u‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n w‌i‌t‌h m‌e‌d‌i‌u‌m c‌o‌n‌f‌l‌i‌c‌t s‌e‌v‌e‌r‌i‌t‌y, 15\% f‌o‌r t‌h‌e s‌i‌t‌u‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n w‌i‌t‌h h‌i‌g‌h c‌o‌n‌f‌l‌i‌c‌t s‌e‌v‌e‌r‌i‌t‌y, a‌n‌d 11\% f‌o‌r t‌h‌e s‌i‌t‌u‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n w‌i‌t‌h t‌h‌e h‌i‌g‌h‌e‌s‌t c‌o‌n‌f‌l‌i‌c‌t s‌e‌v‌e‌r‌i‌t‌y.

Soil erosion and its consequences are important factors in forest road network management. Cutslopes are the most important source of making sediment among different parts of the forest roads structure. For this research, a new and bare road in district No. 2, series No. 5 of NekaChoob forest, was selected; then the study data was measured. The study design was a completely randomized design in 10 plots with the size of 2 m2 along 500 meters of road with the 8 natural rainfall events. The results of the Pearson correlation showed that among soil properties, the contents of the liquid limit at the 5% confidence level and the plastic limit at the 1% confidence level had positive correlations with runoff and soil loss. Also, organic matter at the 1% confidence level and the contents of the sand at the 5% confidence level had negative correlations with runoff and soil loss. With increasing the soil moisture and bulk density, runoff and soil loss were enhanced. The results of the multivariate model showed that soil loss could be estimated using the Plastic Limit and sand percentage variables with a the correlation coefficient of 0.948.

Chinkara is classified as a vulnerable species (IUCN, 2009). Yet, there is a little information on its biological characteristics and habitat in Iran. This study focuses on the habitat preference and social pattern of this species in Dareh-Anjeer wildlife refuge in 2010-2011. We first determined habitat boundaries of Chinkara in the area. During the survey, 15 transects were located within different habitat types and each transect was observed ~10 times annually. We used landform parameters and plant structure for the habitat type layers in Arc GIS software. Then, we mapped the habitat preference of Chinkara using Jacob’s selectivity index. The group size and sex ratio was obtained by the analysis of field notes. Results of the study showed that Chinkara preferred foothills and hilly plains (Jacob’s selectivity index for foothills was estimated 0.31 and for flat plains 0.03). The foothill habitat type covering 25 percent of the Chinkara habitats in the area provides better resources such as cover and water than the other habitat types. Our results suggest that the Chinkara’s activity in summer and autumn is greatest in the early morning. The mean group size of Chinkara in the area is 2.07±0.32 (n=53, SE=1.17), sex ratio (male/female) is 0.52±0.179, and there is no significant difference between the numbers of males and females in the population.

Purpose: Non-viral vectors have been widely proposed as safer alternatives to viral vectors, and cationic polymers have gained increasing attention because they can form self-assembly with DNA. Chitosan is also considered to be a good candidate for gene delivery systems, since it is already known as a biocompatible, biodegradable, and low toxic material with high cationic potential. However, low solubility and transfection efficiency need to be overcome prior to clinical trial. In this work, we focus on alkyl modified chitosan which might be useful in DNA condensing and efficient gene delivery. Methods: N, N- Diethyl N- Methyl (DEMC) and N- Triethyl Chitosan (TEC) were synthesized from chitosan polymer. In order to optimize the polymers for gene delivery, we used FITC-dextran (FD). Then the optimized polymer concentrations were used for gene delivery. Fluorescent microscope was used, in order to evaluate the polymers’ efficiency for gene delivery to human embryonic kidney epithelial cells (HEK 293T). Results: This modification increased chitosan’s positive charge, thus these chitosan derivatives spontaneously formed complexes with FD, green fluorescence protein plasmid DNA (pEGFP), red fluorescence protein plasmid DNA (pJred) and fluorescent labeled miRNA. Results gained from fluorescent microscope showed that TEC and DEMC were able to transfer FD, DNA and miRNA (micro RNA) to HEK cell line. Conclusion: We conclude that these chitosan derivatives present suitable characteristics to be used as non-viral gene delivery vectors to epithelial cells.

Background and aimsScientific and industrial development has led to increased production,which has been associated with different complications, including occupational stress, and increased incidence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Musculoskeletal disorders arefrequent causes of absenteeism in developed countries. We designed this study to assess musculoskeletal disorders and occupational stress among video display terminal (VDT) workers in comparison with other office workers.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study on 72 VDT workers (case) and 145 office workers (control). In this study we used Nordic and Osipow questionnaires in order to evaluate musculoskeletal disorders and job stress, respectively. The questionnaires were filled by direct interview. T test, chi square, Fisher test and logistic regression were used for data analysis.ResultsThe frequency of musculoskeletal disorders among VDT users in the last 12 months was 46.5%, 20.3%, 5.1%, 12.4% and 57.6% in neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist and low back areas, respectively. The frequency of musculoskeletal complaints in neck, shoulder and wrist and mean score of occupational stress was significantly higher in the case group comparing with controlgroup, and both results were statistically significant.ConclusionVDT working is a high-risk job for musculoskeletal disorders. In this study the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders, especially in high-risk regions for this job, was higher in VDTworkers than other office workers. We recommend to perform other studies in order to find non-ergonomic points and postures in these persons.

Mugil cephalus belongs to Mugilidae family and is found in the creeks and coastal waters of the Hormozgan province and mostly are caught by castnet and selnet. Regarding to study this species and determination or the frequency of this species 14 stake-nets were selected in Bandar Abbas, Qeshm and Khamir regions. Sampling were carried out monthly. The weight and frequency percentage of M. cephalus in proportion to the total edible fishes were estimated 1.33 and 0.19%, respectively. Also, it was that this species among the other Mugilidae had lower frequency (5%). The length measurement results showed that most of mullets were small and young (immature) with 13-15 cm length. The most abundance of the species was observed in March.

According to recognition and abundance of larve of commercial fish, caught during shrimp fishing season in eastern Chahbahar in the period of 7 to 27, November 1999, sampling was conducted from catch component during this time. Randome sampling was done 3 days a week for 3 weeks. Catch composition in this research divided to six groups, Osteal fish with 92.88% and Echinoidae with 0.12% has maximum and minimum frequency respectively. In catch composition 45 different marine species were identified and between commercial fish, 8 species were studied, but more study was done on Pampus argenteus, which has the most aboundance. It has the maximum frequencyin length 8 and 10cm. The minimum and maximum size of this species was 3 and and 19.5 cm, respectively. Besides this research was determined all commercial fish catched in larvale and juvenile stage.

In order to study the quantity and quality evaluation of benthic invertebrates in shrimp ponds belonging to Persian Prawn Co., in Tiab area (Hormozgan province), sampling of sediments were carried out every other 14 days, from August 18 to October 27, 1998, during the priod of shrimp culture. Sediments were sampled from three different point of 9 ponds by grab (Van Veen 0.02 m2) for identification macrofauna, miofauna, grain size and mesurment of total organic mater. Macrofauna benthics were few and were found only in three ponds. Three groups of miofauna including: Nematoda, Naplius and copepoda were distinguished. Their abundance was increased during main shrimp culturing period and was decreased at the end of it. Silt was the main part of soil in most ponds.

Sillago sihama, which is a member of Sillaginidae family, is one of the abundant fishes in coastal waters of Hormozgan province. This fish, which is a coastal imigrant, caught by set nets, hooks and beach seine during a year. Sampling was conducted monthly in 14 sites in Hormozgan province during a year (from Auguest 97 to Auguest 98).2.27% of total eatable fishes, which caught was Sillago sihama. The smallest and the bigest fish in length were 10cm and 33cm respectively. The maximum frequency of length was 12 cm. This research showed that this species spawn twice a year, in Spring and Autumn.

Mullet are abundant in costal and estuarine waters of Hormozgan. One of the fishing gears used for catching the species is Moshta, one type of set net. In present research 7 species have been identified in catch composition. The most abundant species were Liza carinata and Valamugil seheli respectively. L. vaigiensis, L. melinoptera, L. alata, Valamugil buchanani and Mugil cephalus were other mullet species found in catch composition. The smallest species was L. carinata with an average length of 11 cm and the largest species was M. cephalus with an average length of 35.5 cm......

Objectives: this study aimed to investigate the relationship between oral manifestations and depression, anxiety, and stress among covid-19 patients. Methods: This cohort study investigated 125 Covid-19 patients hospitalized at Covid-19 wards at Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital., After hospitalization, the patients were subjected to an oral examination and filled out the DASS-21 questionnaire to measure Psychological disorders at the beginning of hospitalization, one month and two months after discharge. Then we calculated the occurrence of oral manifestations and their relationship with depression, anxiety and, stress in the patients. Results: On the day of admission, 98.4% of patients had at least one type of oral manifestation. Coated tongue (75.2%), scallop tongue (67.2%) and xerostomia (66.4%) were the most common oral manifestations, respectively. As the severity of depression, anxiety and stress increased, the incidence of oral manifestations also did. However, we found no statistically significant relationship between these two factors (P<0.05); Temporomandibular disorders, xerostomia, changes in smell and taste were significantly related to Psychological disorders in some follow-ups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The study showed no statistically significant relationship between the severity of depression, anxiety and, stress with oral manifestations at any time, but with the increase in the severity of Psychological disorders, the incidence of oral manifestations also increased. A separate examination of the manifestations showed a statistically significant relationship between depression, anxiety and stress with xerostomia, temporomandibular disorders, changes in smell and taste at some follow-up times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of oral manifestations in patients with COVID-19 hospitalized with 4 months of follow-up. Material and methods: This research surveyed the patients admitted to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan. Patients admitted to the hospital were asked to fill a questionnaire containing questions about the amount of xerostomia, changes in their sense of smell and taste compared to the past, the appearance of a new white or red area in their mouth, the occurrence of ulcers or burning in the mouth. Then, photographs of the palate, tongue region, buccal region on both sides, floor of the mouth and teeth from the patient's front view were taken. The patient was followed weekly in the hospital. The first outside of the hospital follow-up was done two weeks after their discharge and then monthly up to 4 months. Finally, all the photos were reviewed and compared by an oral disease specialist. Results: Out of 304 patients, only 5 patients (1.6%) had no symptoms in their oral on the day of admission. The most common oral manifestation was coated tongue (77%) followed by xerostomia (70.1%). Also, 45.1% gustatory disorders and 43.1% olfactory disorders were reported. With increasing age, the occurrence of oral manifestations increased (p<0.05), but the occurrence of oral manifestations was not related to gender (p>0.05). The results of generalized estimating equation analysis showed a decrease in oral manifestations during the study (p<0.001). Conclusion: Coated tongue, xerostomia and gustatory disorders were among the most prevalent oral manifestations reported in this study. Older patients had more oral manifestations. The occurrence of manifestations was not related to gender. By recovering from the disease, the occurrence of oral manifestations also decreased. Clinical Significance: Diagnosing and treating oral manifestations can cause to diagnose and treat COVID-19 disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atomic Force Microscopes (AFMs) have been widely used as nanomanipulators due to their versatility to work with a broad range of materials and their controllable interaction force, among other features. While AFMs can effectively grasp, move, and position nanoscale objects in 2D environments through basic pull/push operations, they often lack the high precision required in many 3D pick and place applications, especially in non-vacuum environments. In this study, a novel method to resolve the adhesion problem between nanoscale objects and the AFM tip has been developed and tested. The method is based on the application of a high electrostatic voltage to the tip to produce the repulsive force required for the release of the nanoobject. The method is proposed for conductive nanoparticles and tips used in many nanomanipulation applications, and can be easily implemented on typical AFMs with minimal alterations. The applicability of the proposed method is investigated through a series of combined Molecular Dynamics/Finite Element simulations. Published by AIP Publishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]