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Design of effective communication dialogs can help to determine trust between humans. This paper reports an experimental study to explore and predict trust using two different scripted dialogs. The first dialog represented a business scenario, while the second was a fire rescue. Trust was measured using subjective psychological criteria of Ability, Benevolence and Integrity which were embedded in the dialog. These were correlated with objective physiological features of human facial expressions, voiced speech and camera-based heart rate. Using neuro-fuzzy method, the subjective trust data was analyzed separately. The results showed that subjective measures of Benevolence and Integrity for fire rescue scenario could predict trust better than the business scenario. The power of prediction was almost identical for the Ability measure. The findings suggest that trust is associated with the type of scenario, and that both subjective and objective measures are important in predicting trust.

Aims : To determine the prevalence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection in primary extranodal lymphoma of the head and neck (PELHN) in immunocompetent patients. PELHN represents 16.18% of all lymphoma diagnosed at the National Cancer Institute, Cairo. Although EBV infection is highly associated with lymphoma in immunocompromised patients, the situation in immunocompetent patients is still unclear. Material and methods : The study included 50 PELHN (11 cases in the nose and paranasal sinuses, 11 in the nasopharynx, 13 in the tonsils, seven in the oropharynx and eight in the oral cavity), five reactive lymph nodes, 15 normal nasopharyngeal tissue and 25 throat washes of healthy subjects from Egypt. Cases and controls were assessed for the presence of EBV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization techniques, the presence of 30 base pair deletion of the LMP-1 (del-LMP1) gene and for the expression of p53, Ki67, bcl-2 and Bax by immunohistochemistry. This was also correlated with the clinical outcome of patients. Results : EBV was detected in 90% and 70% of the cases using EBER in situ hybridization and PCR, respectively. All cases of nasal type lymphoma were positive for EBV. del-LMP1 gene was detected in 24/35 of EBV+ cases (68.6%), whereas 11 cases had wild-type variant either alone or mixed with del-LMP1. There was a significant difference in the frequency of del-LMP1 between lymphoma and normal tissues. Overexpression of Ki67, p53 and bcl-2 was detected in 78.1%, 62.5% and 20% of cases, whereas loss of Bax was detected in 18% of the cases. Multivariate analysis showed that only p53 overexpression, del-LMP1 variant and advanced disease stage are independent prognostic factors. Conclusion : EBV infection is frequent in PELHN in Egypt. Possible pathogenic mechanisms involve deregulation of p53 and enhanced proliferation (as detected by high Ki67 index). The presence of del-LMP1 variants, p53 overexpression and advanced disease stage are poor prognostic factors associated with reduced survival and poor response to therapy.

Hardware based digital image watermarking is in a good demand these days because of its fast real time implementation. It is seen that hardware based watermarking often comes with computational complexity and difficulty in implementation. In this paper, we discuss the development and implementation of the hardware architecture of Digital Image Watermarking in transform domain using a newly developed simple yet secured algorithm. Walsh Transform is used to convert the cover image from spatial domain to transform domain as it is a secured Transform function and it is also feasible to synthesize the developed architecture using HDL (Hardware Description Language) synthesizer. The proposed architecture is not very resource rich. The proposed watermarking architecture will be very useful particularly for image authentication process and secured transmission of message inside an image. Here, the proposed algorithm embeds the watermark into a cover image and also extracts it at the receiving end using the MSI numbers generated during the watermark insertion process. One significant advantage of the algorithm is that there is no need of the original image to extract the watermark at the receiving end. The whole work can be viewed as the sequential amalgamation of three sub-tasks: theoretical modeling, designing the hardware architecture in Verilog HDL and performance observation by an adopted simulation set-up. The complete designed architecture is found to be compatible for verification using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for VLSI implementation.

Digital watermarking plays a very important role in copyright protection. It is one of the techniques which are used for safeguarding the origins of the image, audio and video by protecting it against Piracy. This paper proposes a low variance based spread spectrum watermarking for image and video in which the watermark is obtained twice in the receiver. The watermark to be added is a binary image of comparatively smaller size than the Cover Image. Cover Image is divided into number of 8x8 blocks and transform into frequency domain using Discrete Cosine Transform. A gold sequence is added as well as subtracted in each block for each watermark bit. In most cases, researchers has generally used algorithms for extracting single watermark and also it is seen that finding the location of the distorted bit of the watermark due to some attacks is one of the most challenging task. However, in this paper the same watermark is embedded as well as extracted twice with gold code without much distortion of the image and comparing these two watermarks will help in finding the distorted bit. Another feature is that as this algorithm is based on embedding of watermark in low variance region, therefore proper extraction of the watermark is obtained at a lesser modulating factor. The proposed algorithm is very much useful in applications like real- time broad casting, image and video authentication and secure camera system. The experimental results show that the watermarking technique is robust against various attacks.