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Burn is a special type of trauma, which initiates with skin injury and subsequently causes damages to various systems of the whole body. Burn was regarded as an acute injury in the past, while burn is also considered as a disease now. In recent years, more and more recent evidences have demonstrated that burn injury has a continuous and long-term influence on the life, work, and health status of burn survivors. Therefore, we proposed that burn should be considered as a chronic disease and briefly summarized the long-term effects of burns on mortality, psychology, metabolism, immune system, cardiovascular system, and occurrence of infection and tumor in discharged burn victims. We hope this work can improve the understanding of the long-term effects of burns among medical staff, burn patients and their relatives, and social workers.烧伤是一种以皮肤损伤为始发因素、可能影响全身各系统的特殊类型创伤。既往认为烧伤是一种伤，现在认为它也是一种病。近年来，越来越多证据表明，烧伤可对患者的生存、生活、健康状况等产生持续、长期的影响。因此，该文提出烧伤可被看作是一种慢性疾病的理念，并阐述了烧伤对治愈出院患者的病死率、精神心理疾病、代谢、免疫系统、心血管系统、感染及肿瘤发生等的长期影响，以期提高医务人员、烧伤患者及其亲属、社会工作者等对烧伤长期影响的认识并加强相关研究。.

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): The National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China Background Acute heart failure (AHF) is a significant public health problem related to the high mortality and rehospitalization rate of patients. Although drug development is never interrupted, no single drug has been proven to play a decisive role in improving the survival of AHF patients. In China, multi-component traditional Chinese medicine has been widely used to treat AHF. As a Chinese herbal injection included in medical insurance, Yiqi Fumai Injection can reduce the level of NT-proBNP in AHF patients, improve heart function, and alleviate symptoms and signs related to heart failure. To further evaluate the therapeutic effect of Yiqi Fumai Injection on AHF, a multi-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial that intends to recruit 1270 patients is being carried out in China. However, the mechanism of Yiqi Fumai Injection in the treatment of AHF has not been clarified. To further explore the underlying mechanism, we used systematic pharmacology methods to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of biologically active compounds. Methods We used the databases of HERB, the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ETCM), the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), and GeneCards to predict the active ingredients and potential targets of Yiqi Fumai Injection in the treatment of AHF. STRING was used for PPI network construction and analysis. Cytoscape was used to build a network between Chinese medicine, ingredients and targets. The DAVID, GO, and KEGG databases were used to predict the potential pathways of Yiqi Fumai Injection for the treatment of AHF. Results We obtained 31 active compounds of Yiqi Fumai Injection from HERB and ECTM databases. By overlapping targets between YQFMI and AHF, a total of 240 potential targets for Yiqi Fumai Injection to treat AHF were selected. According to the H-C-T network topology analysis, the core compounds include beta-sitosterol, Uridine, Guanosine, and Stigmasterol. Sixteen protein targets had significantly higher node degrees than the average in the PPI network, including AKT1, JUN, TNF, EDN1, CASP3, ESR1, DLG4, PTGS2, NOS3, IL1B, C3, AR, LEP, CNR1, CHRM2, and DRD2. The PPI results showed that the potential therapeutic targets of YQFMI were densely enriched in pathways related to endothelial function, neuromodulation, and lipid metabolism.The same results were shown in GO and KEGG pathway enrichment. Conclusion Our results indicate that Yiqi Fumai Injection may achieve the goal of improving AHF-related symptoms by regulating the function of vascular endothelium and nerves and the biosynthetic pathway of lipid metabolism. These findings support previous studies and provide a reference for studying the mechanism of Yiqi Fumai Injection in the treatment of AHF. Abstract Figure.

The progressive deepening of burn wounds is one of the common clinical problems and difficulties in early burn treatment. At the present, it is believed that local ischemia and hypoxia, persistent inflammation, infection, unbalanced local microenvironment, cell necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy are the main mechanisms of progressive deepening of burn wounds. In recent years, basic and clinical studies have proposed various new strategies for prevention and treatment of progressive deepening of burn wounds, mainly including correct cooling, improving blood perfusion of the wound, early debridement, improving the wound microenvironment, preventing and treating wound infection, reducing wound inflammation, and inhibiting the oxidative stress in the wound. This review focuses on the current progress of prevention and treatment strategies of burn wound progressive deepening, in order to provide references for the treatment of burn wounds.烧伤创面进行性加深是烧伤早期常见的临床问题和治疗难点之一。目前认为，局部缺血缺氧，持续性炎症反应，感染，失衡的局部微环境，细胞坏死、凋亡和自噬等是烧伤创面进行性加深的主要机制。近年来，基础和临床研究提出多种防治烧伤创面进行性加深的新策略和新方法，主要包括：正确冷疗、改善创面血流灌注、早期清创、改善创面微环境、防治创面感染、减轻创面炎症反应、抑制创面氧化应激等。本文着重对烧伤创面进行性加深的防治策略进行综述，以期为烧伤创面治疗提供参考。.

It has been suggested that organophosphate pesticides can cause cognitive impairment, most of which are presented as mild cognitive impairment such as decreased attention or vigilance, reduced information processing speed and memory impairment. An early diagnosis and timely intervention in mild cognitive impairment, which may provide a better prognosis. Mild cognitive impairment in clinical work can be easily ignored for a long time. However, it have a particularly impact on patients' life and work, and even progress to irreversible neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Therefore, clinicians should raise the cognition of organophosphate pesticides poisoning in patients with cognitive impairment, especially for patients with mild cognitive impairment, and the significance of early detection and diagnosis of the disease is particularly important.有机磷农药中毒可致认知功能发生损伤，多数表现为注意力下降、警觉性降低、信息处理速度下降、记忆障碍等轻度认知功能障碍；而轻度认知功能障碍早诊断和及时干预可有较好的预后。实际临床工作中轻度认知功能障碍易长期被忽视，但对患者生活和工作可造成严重影响，甚至进展为阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病等不可逆性的神经退行性病变。因此，临床医师应提高有机磷农药中毒对患者认知功能损害的认识，尤其是针对患者发生轻度认知功能障碍时，其早发现、早诊断的意义尤为重要。.

Several previous researches had found artery stiffness associated skeletal muscle mass, but not considering muscle strength and physical performance, which also were compositions of sarcopenia. This study aims to reveal the relationship of artery stiffness and sarcopenia using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria. Study was performed on 1002 Chinese community dwelling participants aged ≥65 years from November 2016 to March 2017. Body composition, muscle strength, physical performance, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) considering as artery stiffness index were measured. In multiple regression analysis, baPWV was associated with handgrip (β=−0.13, P=0.04) and Relative skeletal muscle mass index (ASM/Ht2) (β=−0.02, P

According to the needs of ultrasonic vibration feeding, we developed an ultrasonic piezoelectric feeding device. The device with unrestricted length and width and the feeding speed is uniform. we analyzed feeding the boundary conditions and calculated the expression of the average feeding speed. Using ANSYS to analyze the relevant parameters of feeding vibrator, we made the piezoelectric feeding vibrator and carried out a series of experiments to test the feeding effect by using Laser Doppler vibrometry. The results showed that the amplitude of the first order longitudinal vibration is maximum when the excitation frequency is 34.7kHz; When the feeding device is at the excitation frequency and the driving voltage is 130V, the feeding effect of the heavy material with smooth surface is very good (M10×30 bolts, M20 nuts); Materials with rough surface and lighter than 0.5g have almost no feeding capacity (tablets and grains), and the feeding device has certain selectivity for materials; When the mass of material is 72g, the feeding speed can reach 60.45mm/s. The study provides a reference for the research of ultrasonic feeding device.

To investigate the correlations of the computed tomography (CT) signs of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with pathological features and the expression levels of phosphoprotein 53 (p53) and c-Myc in patients.87 patients with NSCLC admitted to the Department of Oncology in our hospital from July 2014 to March 2017 were randomly selected. Morphologies of NSCLC and cancer-adjacent tissues were detected by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining; messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein levels of p53 and c-Myc in cancer and cancer-adjacent tissues were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC); spiral CT (SCT) was conducted for exploring imaging signs of patients with NSCLC; the correlation of CT signs with pathology and the expressions of p53 and c-Myc was analyzed.HE staining showed that NSCLC tissues had a larger nucleus, a larger nucleus-cytoplasm ratio, and a more evident histopathological atypia, with no clear histological structure compared with cancer-adjacent normal tissues; RT-PCR and IHC results revealed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of p53 and c-Myc in NSCLC tissues were significantly higher than those in cancer-adjacent tissues, in which differences in mRNA levels were 1.75 folds and 1.84 folds, respectively (p0.05). SCT signs indicated that swollen lymph nodes and spiculation, spinous process and deep lobulation signs often occurred in the chest of NSCLC patients, and pleural indentation appeared in the majority of patients; the chi-square test results showed that the positive rates of p53 and c-Myc proteins were not related to pathological types of NSCLC, but significantly correlated with tumor differentiation (p0.05); the positive rates of p53 and c-Myc proteins were correlated with tumor diameter, spiculation and deep lobulation signs and lymph node metastasis (p0.05), but not associated with spinous process, vacuole and pleural indentation signs (p0.05).CT scan combined with the detection of p53 and c-Myc expressions can improve the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis and clinical staging for patients with NSCLC, which is conducive to the clinical treatment and prognosis analysis of NSCLC.

Titanium alloy and stainless steel (SS) had been widely used as dental implant materials because of their affinity with epithelial tissue and connective tissue, and good physical, chemical, biological, mechanical properties and processability. We compared the effects of titanium alloy and SS on macrophage cytokine expression as well as their biocompatibility. Mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells were cultured on titanium alloy and SS surfaces. Cells were counted by scanning electron microscopy. A nitride oxide kit was used to detect released nitric oxide by macrophages on the different materials. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels. Scanning electron microscopy revealed fewer macrophages on the surface of titanium alloy (48.2 ± 6.4 x 10(3) cells/cm(2)) than on SS (135 ± 7.3 x 10(3) cells/cm(2)). The nitric oxide content stimulated by titanium alloy was 22.5 mM, which was lower than that stimulated by SS (26.8 mM), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.07). The level of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 released was significantly higher in the SS group (OD value = 0.128) than in the titanium alloy group (OD value = 0.081) (P = 0.024). The transforming growth factor-b1 mRNA expression levels in macrophages after stimulation by titanium alloy for 12 and 36 h were significantly higher than that after stimulation by SS (P = 0.31 and 0.25, respectively). Macrophages participate in the inflammatory response by regulating cytokines such as nitric oxide, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and transforming growth factor-b1. There were fewer macrophages and lower inflammation on the titanium alloy surface than on the SS surface. Titanium alloy materials exhibited better biological compatibility than did SS.

MiR-181a plays a critical role in modulating T cell and B cell differentiation, as well as immune response. Its abnormal expression probably participates in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). MiR-203 is involved in regulating Toll-like receptor and inducing immune tolerance. Abnormal expression or function of miR-203 is related to multiple auto-immune diseases but its role in SLE remains unclear. This study, thus, investigated the serum level of miR-181a and miR-203, to analyze their roles in diagnosing and evaluating SLE.SLE patients were recruited from our hospital, and divided into non-active and active SLE based on disease activity index, along with healthy individuals. qRT-PCR was used to quantify the serum miR-181a and miR-203 expression, and their correlation with clinical features. ROC was used to evaluate the diagnostic value on SLE, while survival curves were compared to show progression-free survival (PFS) between populations with high and low expression.SLE patients had significantly higher serum levels of miR-181a and lower miR-203, both of which were correlated with SLE activity. Expression levels of miR-181a and miR-203 were correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein, anti-dsDNA antibody, complements, and SLEDAI score. Their expression levels had certain values in the differential diagnosis for active SLE (AUC=0.885 and 0.843). PFS in miR-181a high-expression individuals was lower than that in the low-miR-181 group (χ2=7.474, p=0.029). Whilst, miR-203 high-expression SLE patients had higher PFS than low-expression group (χ2=4.367, p=0.037).SLE patients had higher miR-181a and lower miR-203 expression, which thus may have critical implications in disease diagnosis and evaluation.

In this study, second-harmonic imaging microscopy was used to monitor precancerous colorectal lesions at different stages. It was found that the morphology of glands and lamina propria in mucosa changes with the progression of colorectal diseases from normal to low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia to high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and this microscopy has the ability of direct visualization of these warning symptoms. Furthermore, two morphologic variables were quantified to determine the changes of glands and collagen in lamina propria during the development of colorectal intraepithelial neoplasia. These results suggest that second-harmonic imaging microscopy has the potential in label-freely and effectively distinguishing between normal and precancerous colorectal tissues, and will be helpful for early diagnosis and treatment of colorectal diseases.

There is no consensus regarding the clinical target volume (CTV) margins which surround the gross tumor volume of metastatic lymph nodes (LN) in radiotherapy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study retrospectively assessed the distance of extracapsular extension (ECE) of metastatic LN in thoracic ESCC and defined nodal CTV margins. Histological sections of metastatic LNs from 217 patients with thoracic ESCC were re-examined. The incidence and maximal distance of ECE of metastatic LNs were assessed. The relationships between ECE and clinicopathologic features were also investigated. The ECE was found in 37.3% of patients (81/217) and 23.1% of metastatic LN (159/689), and the incidences had a significant relationship with N stage and LN size. The median distance of ECE was 1.0 mm (range, 0.2-9.7 mm). The distance of ECE showed a positive correlation with LN size (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.419; p

To search for differences in early immune reconstitution after allogenic or autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).The peripheral blood (PB) from 31 adult patients undergoing allogenic HSCT (allo-HSCT, 15 patients) or autologous HSCT (auto-HSCT, 16 patients) for the treatment of hematological malignancies and from 20 related healthy controls (HC) from December 2011 to August 2014 was used to analyze the kinetic recovery of lymphocyte subsets by means of flow cytometry during 12 months after HSCT. The T cell receptor rearrangement excision circle (TREC) levels among CD3(+) T cells were measured in the patients and HC to evaluate the thymic-dependent T cell reconstitution.The allo- and auto-HSCT recipients did not differ significantly in CD4(+) T cells, CD8 naive T cells, effecter memory T cells (TEM), CD4 central memory T cells (TCM), mid-activated T cells and dendritic cells (DC)during the follow-up (P0.05). But they both differed significantly from HC (P0.05). CD8(+) T cells and NK cells reconstructed rapidly. There was no significant difference in the numbers of B cells between the allo- and auto-HSCT groups from M1 to M3 (P0.05). B cells in both the groups were lower than those in HC (P0.05). The recovery of B cells in auto-HSCT group was faster than in allo-HSCT group at M6 and M12 (P0.05). The frequencies of CD4 naive T cells and later activated T cells in allo-HSCT group were significantly higher than in auto-HSCT group at M6 and M12 (P0.05). The frequencies of CD8 TCM in auto-HSCT group were significantly higher than in allo-HSCT group at M6 and M12 (P0.05). The TREC levels were significantly lower than in both the groups compared with the age-matched HC during the follow-up (P0.05). No significant difference was observed between allo-HSCT and auto-HSCT groups (P0.05).The differences of the nature and the speed of lymphocyte reconstitution observed between the two patents groups were minor. This leads us to conclude that in allografted patients, immune reconstitution and subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes are probably not related to the allogenicity of the graft, but due to the impaired thymus functions and slow differentiation of T lymphocytes in thymus.

Currently, nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) are the major drugs for the antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), including lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil, telbivudine, entecavir, and tenofovir disoproxil. Since many patients need to take NAs orally for a long time to inhibit viral replication, the safety of long-term administration is an important factor for selecting drugs in clinical practice. In recent years, some studies have been focusing on the impact of long-term administration of NAs on glomerular filtration function and renal tubular function in such patients. At the same time, more and more biomarkers for evaluating renal impairment have been used in clinical practice, but the applicability of most biomarkers in CHB patients remains uncertain. This review describes the biomarkers that are currently used or have a potential clinical value and investigates the application of such biomarkers in CHB patients in future.

Nitric oxide (NO), is endogenously synthesized from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), exhibits a dual role in sensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy of cancer cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of polymorphisms in NOS genes on treatment response of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after radiochemotherapy. A cohort of 198 NSCLC patients treated with radiochemotherapy between 2009 and 2011 were included in this study. Genotyping analyses of 35 SNPs ( NOS2A, 21 and NOS3, 14) in each sample were conducted by using the Sequenom MassArray system. Unconditional logistic regression was performed to assess the association between treatment response and each genotype while adjusting or not for other covariates. Of 198 patients, 87 (43.9%) had objective responses, and 111(56.1%) did not respond. We observed no significant associations between treatment response and each genotype. While adjusting for other covariates, the associations were also not significant. Our results suggest that genetic variations within the NOS2A and NOS3 genes may not influence the treatment response in NSCLC patients with radiochemotherapy. Future studies in this problem are required to confirm our findings.

Bilateral femoral nerve compression neuropathy caused by primary iliopsoas muscle pathology is rare. We report a case of extensive compartment syndrome of the right arm and both legs associated with bilateral femoral nerve palsy resulting from severe muscle swelling secondary to influenza A infection. Our objective is to alert physicians to the possible development of compartment syndrome in patients with influenza and severe myalgia. We also reviewed the literature on the pathophysiology and management of femoral nerve compression neuropathy.

Coatings of cobalt based alloy HMSP 2528, deposited on a nickel based superalloy using a transverse flow CO2 laser, are investigated. Sections of the coatings have been examined to reveal their microstructure and phase composition using an Olympus PME–3 type optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and X-ray diffractometer. The results showed that primary phase (γ-Co) and eutectic (γ-Co + Cr23C6) were present in the coatings. Rapid directional solidification was found at the interface, where the growth direction was perpendicular to the interface. Multidirectional growth and growth parallel to the scanning direction were also found in the central region and near the top surface, respectively. At the remelted boundary between two tracks, a novel microstructure was found in which the crystallisation direction of the first track was transmitted to the second track. As more tracks were deposited, coarsening dendrites could be found at the interfaces.

(1) This in vivo trial was conducted to study the effects of polysaccharide extracts of two mushrooms, Lentinus edodes (LenE) and Tremella fuciformis (TreE), and a herb, Astragalus membranaceus (AstE) on growth performance, and the weights of organs and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chickens. (2) Three extracts (LenE, TreE and AstE) were supplemented at inclusion rates of 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/kg from 7 to 14 d of age and compared with an antibiotic treatment group (20 mg/kg, virginiamycin (VRG) as well as a group of non-supplemented birds. (3) Body weight (BW) gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the extract-supplemented groups were not significantly different from those of the antibiotic group. Significant effects of type of extract and concentration on growth performance were found from 7 to 28 d of age. Generally, birds fed with LenE showed higher BW gain and lower FCR from 7 to 28 d of age than those fed with TreE and AstE and 2 g/kg LenE was considered the optimal inclusion rate for enhanced broiler growth. However, the extracts had no significant effect on the relative weights of organs and GIT compared with the antibiotic group. (4) The birds fed the extracts showed better growth performance than the non-supplemented birds, but were not significantly different from those fed VRG. Of the three extracts, LenE appeared to be a potential growth promoter. Future studies are needed to investigate whether the extracts can be used as alternatives for antibiotic growth promoters in challenged birds, and to elucidate the mechanisms for potentially enhanced growth performance in poultry.

In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 288 patients with mild to moderate persistent asthma currently on inhaled glucocorticosteroids (GCSs) were treated with budesonide Turbuhaler, 200 microg once every night (q.n.), 100 microg twice-daily (b.i.d.), or placebo b.i.d. After 12 weeks, morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) increased in both groups treated with budesonide but decreased in placebo-treated patients. Symptom scores and bronchodilator use were significantly reduced in both groups receiving active treatment (p = 0.023-0.0001) compared with patients treated with placebo. There was no significant difference in outcome measurements between the two budesonide regimens. Thus, patients with mild to moderate persistent asthma receiving b.i.d. treatment with inhaled GCSs can usually be switched to budesonide Turbuhaler, 200 microg, q.n. without loss of asthma control.

Cassava/peanut intercropping is a popular cultivation method in the south China, with the advantage of apparent yield increase. In order to analyze the effect of cassava/peanut intercropping on physical and chemical properties in peanut rhizosphere soil, the physical and chemical properties were investigated under the biochar application and straw mulching. The result showed that the Ph, organic materials content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content in peanut rhizosphere under the biochar application increased by 7.06%, 94.52%, 17.53%, 25.08% (monoculture peanut) and 8.47%, 89.94%, 17.93%, 22.87% (cassava/peanut intercropping) compared with Ck in the same planting patterns. In addition, the available nitrogen content, organic materials content, available phosphorus content, and available potassium content in peanut rhizosphere under the straw mulching increased by 89.80%, 60.92%, 5.95%, 9.98% (monoculture peanut) and 67.09%, 52.34%, 6.96%, 11.94% (cassava/peanut intercropping) compared with Ck in the same planting patterns. In the same treatment conditions, bulk density in peanut rhizosphere soil decreased and porosity and saturated permeability coefficient increased slightly. But there was no significant difference between the two. At the same time, cassava/peanut intercropping could increase soil nutrients. Therefore, it is beneficial to apply biochar and straw mulching, and the suitable intercropping row spacing is more beneficial to increase soil nutrient contents.

In this paper, a hot wire calibrator, which can travel at a constant and low speed ranging from 0 to 350mm/s, with an accuracy of ± 1mm/s, has been designed and constructed. The calibrator has also been used to counter check the accuracy of the hot wire calibration method. Preliminary measurements of the low speed tunnel with the calibrated hot wire, indicate that the tunnel is suitable for low speed experiment.

Flow visualization using smoke in a confined jet with and without a target has been investigated in the paper. The results indicated that there are flow oscillations in the confined jet with and without the target. The results also confirm the existence of re-circulation flow when the flow hit the back wall and causing the mean velocity profiles did not reach the zero values at the far end of transverse locations. The flow visualization provides useful qualitative information about the flow physic of the fluidic flowmeter.

A systematic investigation of structure and intrinsic magnetic properties of the novel compounds R3(Fe, T)29 (R=Y, Ce, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, and Dy; T=V and Cr) has been performed. The lattice constants and unit cell volume decrease with increasing the rare-earth atomic number from R=Nd to Dy, except for Ce, reflecting the lanthanide contraction. The Curie temperature increases from R=Ce to Gd and decreases from Gd to Dy, respectively, with increasing atomic number and Gd3Fe29−xTx has the highest Curie temperature for each series of R3Fe29−xTx (T=V or Cr) compounds. The saturation magnetization of R3Fe29−xTx at 4.2 K decreases gradually from R=Nd to Dy with increasing atomic number, except for Ce, in each series of R3Fe29−xTx. It is suggested that the Ce ion in Ce3Fe29−xTx is valence fluctuated which leads to the unusual magnetic properties. The spin reorientations of the easy magnetization direction of R3Fe29−xTx are observed at around 230, 230, and 160 K for R=Nd, Sm, and Tb when T=V, and at around 230 and 18...

The growth of Ge quantum dots (QDs) using the ion beam sputtering deposition technique has been successfully conducted directly on single-layer graphene supported by SiO2/Si substrate. The results show that the morphology and size of Ge QDs on graphene can be modulated by tuning the Ge coverage. Charge transfer behavior, i.e. doping effect in graphene has been demonstrated at the interface of Ge/graphene. Compared with that of traditional Ge dots grown on Si substrate, the positions of both corresponding photoluminescence (PL) peaks of Ge QDs/graphene hybrid structure undergo a large red-shift, which can probably be attributed to the lack of atomic intermixing and the existence of surface states in this hybrid material. According to first-principles calculations, the Ge growth on the graphene should follow the so-called Volmer-Weber mode instead of the Stranski-Krastanow one which is observed generally in the traditional Ge QDs/Si system. The calculations also suggest that the interaction between Ge and graphene layer can be enhanced with the decrease of the Ge coverage. Our results may supply a prototype for fabricating novel optoelectronic devices based on a QDs/graphene hybrid nanostructure.

To explore the biological effects of electric fields of various strengths on Hela cells.Electroporation experiments were performed using Hela cells. Changes in cell mortality, cell vitality, cell cycle, and apoptosis status were examined. In addition, temperature changes in the surrounding tissue were measured.Cell proliferation was markedly inhibited after treatment with field strengths of 2-2.5 kV/cm. The expression of caspase-3 increased significantly in cells treated with field strengths of 1.5-2.5 kV/cm. Field strengths of 1.75-2.5 kV/cm produced complete cancer cell ablation. G2 phase frequency increased significantly after treatment with field strengths of 2-2.5 kV/cm. During this process, the maximum temperature increase in the pulsed electric field was 4.9 -/+ 1.17 degrees C under free air convection.IRE can be used alone for the treatment of cancer, and its thermal effect is negligible. Cell death was caused by the effects of IRE and apoptosis. The tumor cells must be destroyed completely, or the altered cell cycle may lead to tumor recurrence and accelerated growth.

The nonlinear interfacial instability of a liquid jet in a coflowing compressible airstream is studied numerically. A high-resolution scheme which has second-order accuracy in space and time is coupled with a Lagrangian marker particle algorithm to visualize the large-scale motion of the interfaces in compressible flow. A numerical algorithm based on an approximate equation of state of a compressible liquid is developed to allow this two-fluid system to be governed by the nonlinear unsteady Euler equations in conservative form. The initial growth of small disturbances given by the simulations agrees well with linear theory. The process of jet disruption in compressible flow is demonstrated to consist of the formation of liquid spikes, interweaving of the gas and liquid and stretching and detachment of the liquid main center core.