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Object . Analysis of pesticide regulations documents and scientific works regarding processed agricultural products. Results. The principles to establish maximum residue levels (MRLs) for active ingredients of pesticides in raw agricultural commodities (RACs) and processed products are currently available in the European Union and Ukraine and are provided by the WHO Commission “Codex Alimentarius” and the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) were reviewed. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) project with the overall objective is to develop a database of validated processing factors based on the residue definitions for enforcement, which is compatible with the EFSA food classification and description system was outlined. The European Association of Plant Producers of the EU Vegetable Oil and Proteinmeal Industry (FEDIOL) position on pesticide MRLs in vegetable oils and fats were described. This concept has identified two main elements allowing to give an indication of the fat solubility of an substances. In particular, variants of interpretation of the octanol/water partition coefficient (log Pow) were analyzed. It can be used to predict whether the substance is fat - or water-soluble and to provides an estimate of the tendency of a active ingredients of pesticides to bioaccumulate in fat. In the case of vegetable oils, MRLs can be approximated based on the physico/chemical properties of the pesticides and on the oil content of the raw agricultural commodities (theoretical processing factors from oilseeds seed to oil). Conclusions. The review determines the necessity of improve Ukrainian pesticides regulation procedure and the development of a risk-oriented approach to the selection of priority indicators for the set of MRLs of pesticides in agricultural processed products. Key Words: pesticides, residues, processed products, oilseeds.

Ukraine today does not regulate the sale of products made of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth. (from the family Rubiaceae) and does not take measures to control the quality and safety of this product, despite its rapid spread throughout the country. Аim of the Work is to summarize the results of scientific research on the toxicity of alternative opioids contained in Mitragyna speciosa and combined products based on them. Material and methods. Reports from the World Health Organization (WHO), the European Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the results of scientific reviews and individual studies on biochemistry, toxicology, forensic identification of substances contained in products made from Mitragyna speciosa, over the past 10 years (Elsevier, PubMed, ToxNet). Results and Discussion. Recently, kratom has been cultivated on different continents and entered the market under the name "Kратом", in English-language sources - "Kratom". Kratom leaves are dried and sold in the form of green powder, tablets, capsules, extracts and gummies. In Ukraine, kratom is sold under hundreds of commercial names on the Internet as "Kratom", "Kratom product", "Kratom organic tea", "Kratom ethnic tea", "Kratom tea" and others. More than 40 structurally related alkaloids, as well as several flavonoids, terpenoid saponins, polyphenols and various glycosides were found in kratom leaves. The pharmacological and toxic effects of kratom for most of its components have not been studied enough. Like other dietary supplements, kratom products should be standardized for alkaloids, microbial contamination, pesticides, heavy metals, residual solvents, benzo(a)pyrene, aflatoxins, etc., with appropriate labeling requirements. Conclusions. Quality products should enter the Ukrainian market - standardized leaf extract of kratom, or other safe products made on its basis. However, recent studies show that mitraginine contained in kratom has great potential for medical science as a model for developing new approaches in very relevant areas of medicine: to treat pain and get rid of opioid dependence. Key Words: Mitragyna speciosa, alternative opioids, toxicity.

The Scientific-practical conference "Experience of military formations in the aftermath of the Chernobyl accident through the prism of modern radiation and chemical threats" (hereinafter - the Conference) was organized by the Ukrainian Military Medical Academy in conjunction with the National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine and conducted on the basis of SE "Research Center of Preventive Toxicology, Food and Chemical Safety named after Academician L.I. Medved of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine" in Kyiv on April 15-16, 2021. Aim. The Conference was dedicated to the 35th anniversary of the Chernobyl disaster, current issues of CBRN medical care and generalization of experience in eliminating the radiation accident, taking into account the current structure of medical forces and troops of the CBRN protection. The main purpose of the Conference was to spread the scientific and pedagogical experience of the Ukrainian Military Medical Academy as the only medical institution in the country for the training of military medical personnel. The event was attended by representatives of the Department of Military Education and Science of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, Command of the Medical Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, higher military primary institutions of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, radiation, chemical, biological protection of the Armed Forces and Defense Forces of Ukraine, higher medical primary institutions of Ukraine, health care institutions of Ukraine, representatives of the Malaysian Armed Forces and colleagues from Canada. Conclusions. The conference provided an opportunity for military medics, scientists, and civil servants to come together to share experiences on a wide range of issues. Measures to eliminate the radiation accident were discussed; measures of medical protection and rendering of medical care in the conditions of radiation infection; the role of the medical service of the Armed Forces in the elimination of radiation accidents; coordination and interaction between departments and institutions of different subordination in the field of medical care and radiation protection with the involvement of military specialists in the elimination of the consequences of a radiation accident; integration of scientific and educational activities in the system of higher military medical education; application of new scientific and technical knowledge during the training of military medics and the formation of scientific personnel potential. The conference was attended by about 90 experts in the field of theoretical and clinical medicine and CBRN defense, who presented 20 plenary and 10 section reports, prepared 39 abstracts, which were reflected in the scientific journal "Ukrainian Journal of Military Medicine" (Vol. 2. №1. 2021. Appendix). Key Words: radiation accidents, military radiology, military medicine, medical protection.

Vitamin D-related health problems remain a global health problem. The growing number of prescriptions of vitamin D by doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic and the increase in self-intake of vitamin D by the population carries the risk of exogenous hypervitaminosis D, or a syndrome known as vitamin D toxicity. Aim: to summarize the results of scientific research on the vitamin D toxicity, and some aspects related to its overdose. Material and Methods: used methods of content analysis, system and comparative analysis; materials of scientific reviews and separate researches devoted to biochemistry and toxicology of vitamin D (Elsevier, PubMed, ToxNet) with depth of search to 20 years. Results and Discussion. Due to the well-known health risks of vitamin D deficiency, it has become a popular dietary supplement, as evidenced by the progressive growth of both thematic scientific publications (PubMed) and its consumption in many countries around the world. The use of pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements is the most common cause of overdose. A review of cases of vitamin D toxicity caused by errors in prescribing or administering the required dose has shown that they may occasionally be accompanied by the development of intoxication. There are many forms of exogenous and endogenous vitamin D toxicity syndrome. Vitamin D toxicity syndrome includes the following symptoms: loss of consciousness, apathy, intermittent vomiting, abdominal pain, polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, and hypercalcemia, which, although uncommon, can be life-threatening if not detected timely, and is an important symptom in the differential diagnosis in patients with hypercalcemia. Despite differing opinions on the target concentration of 25(OH)D or recommended doses of vitamin D for the general population, it was determined that the concentration of 25 (OH) D> 150 ng/ml is a significant risk of developing vitamin D toxicity syndrome, and vitamin D deficiency treatment regimens at high doses require regular monitoring. Conclusions: There is a growing public awareness of the health benefits of vitamin D; however, the increase in its consumption carries, inter alia, the risk of a specific syndrome ‒ the vitamin D toxicity. Family physicians should be informed about the danger of exceeding the recommended (age and body weight) doses, and carry out explanatory work with the public to raise awareness of adverse effects vitamin D overdose. Key Words: vitamin D, toxicity.

Purpose. To consider the study of the fate and behavior of active substances of plant protection products (AS PPP) in surface and groundwater in EU countries, the quality of surface and groundwater associated with the use of PPP in Ukraine and proposals for improving domestic monitoring of environmental and chemical status of surface and groundwater in Ukraine according to the EU regulations. Materials and Methods. The presence of AS PPP in water in Ukraine is regulated by various legislative acts, including the Law on Drinking Water and Drinking Water Supply, the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine on Approval of State Sanitary Norms and Rules “Hygienic Requirements for Drinking Water for Human Consumption”, the Water Code of Ukraine, Ministers of Ukraine “Procedure for state water monitoring”, the Law of Ukraine “On ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population” and others. Most of these documents take into account the safety criteria and quality indicators of drinking, surface and groundwater established in the EU. The Water Code of Ukraine and the Procedure for State Water Monitoring also take into account the main provisions of the EU Water Framework Directive in the field of protection of surface and groundwater from pollution by hazardous substances, including PPP. However, it should be noted that these documents use terms that are not in the EU documents and which misinterpret the terms and concepts that have become entrenched in world environmental science, in particular in the field of protection of surface and groundwater from contamination by hazardous chemicals. The use of such terms undoubtedly complicates the intended use of Ukrainian documents. Conclusions. Proposals have been formulated on the inappropriateness of using in the legislative acts of Ukraine in the field of water policy some concepts and terms that does not meet EU requirements and have expired and are not used in Ukraine according to the Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine №94-r from 20.01.2016. When state registration in Ukraine of PPP of foreign production, which have passed the necessary tests in EU countries, in the dossier for the formulation registered and submitted by the Applicant, the values of predicted concentrations of DR PPE in soil, surface and groundwater and air must be given. characterize the risk to humans and non-target organisms. Key Words: active substances of plant protection products, surface waters, groundwater, environmental quality standards, predicted ecological concentrations of active substances of plant protection products, monitoring of ecological and chemical condition of surface and groundwater.

Minimizing the effects of chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear (CBRN) incidents requires the simultaneous efforts of different specialists not only within one state, so recently international projects have been chosen for the purpose of developing and implementing not only national measures to minimize CBRN threats, but also coordination at the international level. The Aim of the Research. Substantiation of the relevance of a permanent international training center organization for the training of specialists in the field of CBRN security (direction — chemical security) for the needs of the power and special structures of Ukraine. Methods. Results of the instruction and trainings conducted within the framework of the project on the establishment of a network of training centers for minimizing the risks related to the CBRN threats in the countries of the region of Southeast and Eastern Europe, held on the basis of State Enterprise “Research Centre of Preventive Toxicology, Food and Chemical Safety named after L. I. Medved”, Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine” (Science Center) in July 2019. Results and Discussion. Project 57: Strengthening the crime scene forensics capabilities in investigating CBRN incidents in the South East and Eastern Europe Centers of Excellence Region (Ref: Europe Aid / IFS / 2016/374993) came into action in 2019. The objective of Project 57 is to introduce a system of trainings on the investigation of CBRN incidents and the gradual formation of relationships between forensic experts and organizations with experience in the field of CBRN materials at the national level. Successful fulfillment of the tasks of investigating CBRN incidents requires constant professional improvement of specialists in various fields and development of the system of communication and interaction at the interdisciplinary level. Project 57 from Ukraine involved Ukrainian experts instructed and trained in EU countries as national forensic trainers in crime scene investigations. These candidates, after conducting the relevant exercises, were involved in conducting trainings on raising the level of knowledge of law enforcement officers of Ukraine. In July 2019, a team-based training (July 5) and national exercises (July 22–25) were held under Project 57 at the Science Center. Law enforcement experts from Ukraine and Moldova participated in the team and staff training. Exercises were performed in groups, and the results of the work were demonstrated and discussed via Skype conference mode. National exercises were conducted in the form of practical exercises in a specially prepared territory of the Science Center. The participants of the training worked with imitation material evidence in protective suits using technical means in real-time situations. In addition to the acquisition of practical skills, there was an exchange of knowledge and experience between the various agencies involved in the field of chemical threat. The participants gained experience that will help to improve management skills and improve coordination and communication between the actors involved in the response to the CBRN incidents. Conclusions. The conducted trainings proved the necessity of introducing a system of continuous professional instruction and advanced training of the staff of special and security structures of Ukraine involved in the investigation of CBRN incidents. Key Words: chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear safety, continuous professional development.

Objectives. THygienic evaluation of residual spirodiclofen and regulation of the use of spirodiclofen-based product Envidor SC 240 for fruit and vegetable crops in the agro-industrial sector and private households of Ukraine. Methods. Study of changes in residual spirodiclofen in apples, pears, grapes, cucumbers and eggplants overtime was performed in different agroclimatic zones of Ukraine during field experiments. Consumption rates of spirodiclofen were 120 g/ha as two applications, and 144 g/ha as 3 applications in the agro-industrial sector, and 1.2 g/0.01 g as two applications at private households. Residual spirodiclofen in the test samples of agricultural products was measured using chemical analytical methods of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results. Results of conducted studies suggest a moderate reduction in the residual amounts of the active ingredient in fruit crops and the rapid one in vegetable crops. It was found that during harvesting, spirodiclofen content in apples and pears did not exceed MAL (maximum allowable limit); spirodiclofen was not detectable in grapes, eggplants and cucumbers. Calculation of half-lives of the test substance in the treated plants during vegetation was performed. Theoretically, the possible intake of spirodiclofen in an adult and a child under the age of 6 years with fruit, vegetable crops, and grapes was calculated. The obtained data were evaluated by the level of acceptable daily intake (ADI) of the substance in the human body. Conclusion. As per limiting toxicity parameters under conditions of the acute experiment, spirodiclofen and spirodiclofen-based product belong to hazard class 2 pesticides. By a degradation value in plants, spirodiclofen belongs to hazard class 1–4 pesticides. Approved MALs of safe content of the substance under experiment in fruit and vegetable crops, grapes and safety interval before harvesting provide for safe use of spirodiclofen-based insecticide-acaricide. Key Words: spirodiclofen, residual amounts of pesticides, field experiments.