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This review will focus on endogenous ovarian function in adolescent girls with Turner syndrome (TS); newer treatment modalities including the latest hormone replacement therapy using continuous low-dose transdermal 17β-estradiol for puberty induction; complications and sequelae in TS girls; and outlook for future fertility including in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer as well as the newer modalities such as gamete and zygote intrafallopian tube transfer using donated ova.

The usual method for extracting evoked potentials from EEG, the so-called averaging, is based on the hypothesis of the stationarity of the single responses in every EEG segment. Therefore, the possible variability of the single responses cannot be regarded. In this paper, a method for estimating single evoked responses will be proposed and compared with other procedures. The principle of this method is the extraction of periodic signals from noise by autoregressive-moving average (ARMA) time series analysis. The procedure is tested by simulation studies. The applicability of the method will be demonstrated by clinical examples. It will be shown that the single response is not a stationary signal.

A method for detection and estimation of periodic signals in the presence of noise is described. The algorithm is an iterative improvement of the autoregressive-moving average estimation of a stochastic process and gives an exact frequency resolution of sinusoidal signals additively mixed with noise in a low signal-to-noise ratio only from a small number of measurements. The iterative improvement of the spectral estimation compared with other methods is demonstrated by examples.